OBEDIS Core Variables Project : European Expert Guidelines on a Minimal Core Set of Variables to Include in Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trials of Obesity Interventions

Heterogeneity of interindividual and intraindividual responses to interventions is often observed in randomized, controlled trials for obesity. To address the global epidemic of obesity and move toward more personalized treatment regimens, the global research community must come together to identify factors that may drive these heterogeneous responses to interventions. This project, called OBEDIS (OBEsity Diverse Interventions Sharing - focusing on dietary and other interventions), provides a set of European guidelines for a minimal set of variables to include in future clinical trials on obesity, regardless of the specific endpoints. Broad adoption of these guidelines will enable researchers to harmonize and merge data from multiple intervention studies, allowing stratification of patients according to precise phenotyping criteria which are measured using standardized methods. In this way, studies across Europe may be pooled for better prediction of individuals' responses to an intervention for obesity - ultimately leading to better patient care and improved obesity outcomes.Peer reviewe

Comparison of high-temperature conversion and equilibration methods for the determination of d31-palmitic acid oxidation in man using continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry

International audienceDuring nutritional interventions, the ingestion of d31-palmitic acid and H218O allows assessment of dietary fatty acid oxidation from cumulative 2H recovery in urine and estimation of the total body water pool (TBW) from 18O dilution. Continuous flow – isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS) coupled to either equilibration or high temperature conversion techniques (HTC) permits 2H and 18O enrichment measurements in biologicalfluids. Thus it was of great interest to compare these methods applied to the determination of dietary fatty acid oxidation. Linearity, accuracy and correlation between CF-equilibration and CF-HTC were first checked using 2H- and 18O- enriched water and urine samples. Urine samples from 14 subjects were then measured with both methods. 2H- and 18O- raw data were normalised against calibration lines. The final aim was to study the impact of normalised raw results on physiological data (i.e. TBW and d31-palmitate recovery). No significant difference was observed between δ18O‰ and δ2H‰ enrichment measurements depending on the analytical method used. Volumes of TBW calculated from δ18O‰ enrichments measured either with CF-equilibration or CF-HTC were not significantly different with respectively 45.2±1.0L or 45.7±1.0L (mean±sem, p=0.09). Palmitic acidoxidation results obtained from δ2H‰ enrichment measurements and TBW from CFequilibration vs CF-HTC were not significantly different (p≥0.26) with respectively 16.2±1.6% vs 16.2±1.1% at 8h, 18.7±2.0% vs 17.6±1.3% at 12h and 21.7±1.9% vs 21.5±1.3% at 3 days post-dose (mean ± sem).Thus, even if CF-HTC was preferred because it was more practical to carry out, both methods allow study of dietary lipid oxidation in man and generate similar result

Curcuma longa extract associated with white pepper lessens high fat diet-induced inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue

BACKGROUND: Supra-nutritional doses of curcumin, derived from the spice Curcuma longa, have been proposed as a potential treatment of inflammation and metabolic disorders related to obesity. The aim of the present study was to test whether Curcuma longa extract rich in curcumin and associated with white pepper (Curcuma-P®), at doses compatible with human use, could modulate systemic inflammation in diet-induced obese mice. We questioned the potential relevance of changes in adiposity and gut microbiota in the effect of Curcuma-P® in obesity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Mice were fed either a control diet (CT), a high fat (HF) diet or a HF diet containing Curcuma longa extract (0.1 % of curcumin in the HF diet) associated with white pepper (0.01 %) for four weeks. Curcumin has been usually combined with white pepper, which contain piperine, in order to improve its bioavailability. This combination did not significantly modify body weight gain, glycemia, insulinemia, serum lipids and intestinal inflammatory markers. Tetrahydrocurcumin, but not curcumin accumulated in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Importantly, the co-supplementation in curcuma extract and white pepper decreased HF-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, an effect independent of adiposity, immune cells recruitment, angiogenesis, or modulation of gut bacteria controlling inflammation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings support that nutritional doses of Curcuma longa, associated with white pepper, is able to decrease inflammatory cytokines expression in the adipose tissue and this effect could be rather linked to a direct effect of bioactive metabolites reaching the adipose tissue, than from changes in the gut microbiota composition

Positive interaction between prebiotics and thiazolidinedione treatment on adiposity in diet-induced obese mice.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether inulin-type fructan (ITF) prebiotics could counteract the thiazolidinedione (TZD, PPARγ activator) induced-fat mass gain, without affecting its beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis, in high-fat (HF) diet fed mice. METHODS: Male C57bl6/J mice were fed a HF diet alone or supplemented with ITF prebiotics (0.2 g/day × mouse) or TZD (30 mg pioglitazone (PIO)/kg body weight × day) or both during 4 weeks. An insulin tolerance test was performed after 3 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: As expected, PIO improved glucose homeostasis and increased adiponectinaemia. Furthermore, it induced an over-expression of several PPARγ target genes in white adipose tissues. ITF prebiotics modulated the PIO-induced PPARγ activation in a tissue-dependent manner. The co-treatment with ITF prebiotics and PIO maintained the beneficial impact of TZD on glucose homeostasis and adiponectinaemia. Moreover, the combination of both treatments reduced fat mass accumulation, circulating lipids and hepatic triglyceride content, suggesting an overall improvement of metabolism. Finally, the co-treatment favored induction of white-to-brown fat conversion in subcutaneous adipose tissue, thereby leading to the development of brite adipocytes that could increase the oxidative capacity of the tissue. CONCLUSIONS: ITF prebiotics decrease adiposity and improve the metabolic response in HF fed mice treated with TZD

Visceral Fat Accumulation During Lipid Overfeeding Is Related to Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Characteristics in Healthy Men

International audienc

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Food Consumption and Behavior in France (COVISTRESS Study)

International audienceThe COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns modified work environments, lifestyles, and food consumption. Eating habits and mood changes in a French population during the first lockdown were examined using an online self-reported questionnaire with REDCap software through the COVISTRESS.ORG website. In 671 French participants, the main changes during lockdown were increased stress levels (64 [23; 86] vs. 3 [0; 18]) and sedentary behavior (7 [4; 9] vs. 5 [3; 8] hours per day), a deterioration in sleep quality (50 [27; 83] vs. 70 [48; 94]) and mood (50 [30; 76] vs. 78 [50; 92]), and less physical activity (2.0 [0.5; 5.0] vs. 3.5 [2.0; 6.0]). Mood was modified, with more anger (56 [39; 76] vs. 31 [16; 50]), more sadness (50 [34; 72] vs. 28 [16; 50]), more agitation (50 [25; 66] vs. 43 [20; 50]), and more boredom (32 [7; 60] vs. 14 [3; 29]). A total of 25% of the participants increased their consumption of alcoholic beverages, 29% their consumption of sugary foods, and 26% their consumption of cocktail snacks. A multiple-correspondence analysis highlights four different profiles according to changes in eating habits, food consumption, lifestyle, and mood. In conclusion, eating habits and lifestyle changes during lockdown periods should be carefully monitored to promote healthy behaviors

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Remodeling during the Initial Phase of Weight Gain Induced by Overfeeding in Humans

International audienc

Emulsified lipids increase endotoxemia: possible role in early postprandial low-grade inflammation.: Lipids and endotoxemia

International audienceLow-grade inflammation is a risk factor for the onset of atherosclerosis. Little is known about the involvement of endotoxin absorption from the gut during the digestion of lipids. In the present study, we first investigated in humans the impact of a mixed meal containing dispersed lipids on postprandial endotoxemia and inflammation. We then investigated the effect of (i) oil emulsification in vivo in rats and (ii) fatty acid amounts in vitro using Caco-2 cells on postprandial endotoxemia. In humans, postprandial endotoxemia increased early after the meal. Moreover, we evidenced that the endotoxin receptor sCD14 increased during digestion and that chylomicrons could contribute to absorbed endotoxin transport. This could explain the significant peak of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 that we observed 2 h after the mixed meal. Interestingly, in rats, the emulsion led to both higher endotoxemia and hypertriglyceridemia than oil and compared to a control saline load. In vitro, incubation of Caco-2 cells with increasing fatty acid concentrations enhanced epithelial absorption of endotoxin. To our knowledge, this is the first study evidencing in healthy humans that, following a mixed meal containing lipids, increased endotoxemia is associated with raised sCD14 and a peak of IL-6. On a repeated basis, this may thus be a triggering cascade for the onset of atherosclerosis. In this respect, optimizing both dietary fat amount and structure could be a possible strategy to limit such low-grade endotoxemia and inflammation by the control of postprandial lipemia

Visceral Fat Accumulation During Lipid Overfeeding Is Related to Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Characteristics in Healthy Men

International audienc

Metabolomics reveals differentiated metabolic adjustments of normal and overweight subjects submitted to overfeeding

National audienceChanges in eating habits, food composition andprocessing are involved in the ‘‘nutritional transition’’ thataccompanied the obesity pandemic and the burst of metabolicdiseases. This study is one of the first to describe themetabolic trajectories that differentiate the responses ofoverweight (OW) from lean individuals during weightgain. Nineteen lean and 19 OW male volunteers weresubmitted to moderate weight gain using a lipid-enrichedoverfeeding protocol designed to add about 3,300 kJ perday in excess to their usual diet. Metabolic explorations incombination with plasma and urine metabolomic profilesusing liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were determined along 8 weeks to comparemetabolic trajectories and determine early changes inmetabolic processes after identification of specific earlyresponding markers. Urinary metabolomic profiles duringoverfeeding evidenced differences in metabolic trajectoriesbetween groups, characterized by an increase over time ofshort-, medium-chain acylcarnitines, and bile acids inoverweight subjects. For most of the anthropometric,metabolic parameters and plasma metabolomics data, thetime-course evolution of all subjects was similar withdistinction between groups. Plasma abundances of unsaturatedlysophosphosphatidylcholine (22:6) decreased overtime more importantly in normal weight subjects whilemost of those of the saturated species increased in bothgroups. These findings not evidenced with classicalparameters, indicate a differential response to overfeedingin urine metabolomes of subjects, suggesting differentnutrient metabolic fate with weight status. Subtle plasmaand urine metabolic changes, mostly related to differences in the adaptation of b-oxidation and inflammation indicatea lower metabolic flexibility of OW subjects facing weightgain induced by overfeeding