Detección serológica y molecular del Potato virus X (PVX) en tubérculos-semilla de papa (Solanum tuberosum L. y Solanum phureja Juz. and Bukasov) en Antioquia, Colombia

El Potato virus X (PVX) es uno de los virus más limitantes del cultivo de la papa en el mundo. Es transmitido solamente por contacto y por tubérculo-semilla. Su control se fundamenta en la siembra de tubérculos certificados por su sanidad viral y en la disponibilidad de metodologías de diagnóstico altamente sensibles. En este trabajo se evaluó la prevalencia del PVX en cuatro diferentes tejidos de tubérculos de Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena var. Diacol-Capiro y S. phureja var. Criolla Colombia utilizando pruebas de DAS-ELISA para 128 submuestras y de RT-qPCR para 32 grupos de submuestras (4 submuestras/grupo). Los resultados de las pruebas serológicas  indicaron la presencia de PVX en el 6,25 y 50% de las submuestras analizadas para la variedad Diacol-Capiro y Criolla Colombia, respectivamente; mientras que los niveles de prevalencia del PVX utilizando la detección por RT-qPCR fueron del 93,75%, independientemente de la variedad de papa y del tejido evaluado. Los valores promedio del ciclo umbral (Ct) en las RT-qPCR fueron de 25,6 (Ct=18,02 a 34,49) y el análisis de las curvas de desnaturalización permitió identificar dos variantes del virus con valores de Tm de 79,5±1°C y 83,7±1°C. La secuenciación de los amplicones obtenidos por RT-qPCR para los controles positivos y para dos de las muestras, confirmó su naturaleza viral. Estos resultados señalan unos muy altos niveles de prevalencia de PVX en el material de siembra de papa en Antioquia y la necesidad de fortalecer los programas de certificación de semilla con pruebas de detección como RT-qPCR.Potato virus X (PVX) is one of the most important virus affecting potato crops worldwide. The virus is only transmitted mechanically and through tuber-seeds. Control of PVX is based on the usage of certified tubers, which in turn depends on the availability of sensitive diagnostic tests that allow its direct detection on seeds. In this work, the prevalence of PVX in four different tuber tissues of Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena var. Diacol-Capiro and S. phureja var. Criolla was evaluated using DAS-ELISA (128 subsamples) and RT-qPCR (4 subsamples per group). DAS-ELISA revealed the presence of PVX in 6.25 and 50% of Diacol-Capiro and Criolla Colombia subsamples; in contrast, RT-qPCR detected PVX in 93.75% of the samples independent of the potato variety or type of tissue. Ct values were in the 18.02 to 34.49 range with a mean value of 25.6. Melting curve analysis allowed the identification of two virus variants with Tm values of 79.5±1°C and 83.7±1°C. Sanger sequencing of the positive controls and two of the samples confirmed RT-qPCR amplicons to be PVX. These results reveal a high level of prevalence of PVX in potato tuber seeds used in Antioquia and the need to strengthen seed certification programs in Colombia through RT-qPCR detection assays.Key words: DAS-ELISA, Potexvirus, RT-qPCR, Solanaceae

Sodium Hypochlorite as Fluorotic Dentin Pretreatment of Two-Step Self-Etch Adhesive with Silver Nanoparticle: Atomic Force Microscope and Adhesive Microtensile Bond Strength Evaluation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with commercial sodium hypochlorite, 5.25%, with a self-etch adhesive (Optibond Versa) in its original formula and with the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (NaAg) on fluorotic dentin. 240 human molars were classified according to fluorosis severity with Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI) and subdivided into three study subgroups according to the adhesive technique: (1) self-etch (SE) control subgroup; (2) NaOCl/SE subgroup; (3) NaOCl/SE + NaAg subgroup. The nanostructural characteristics were observed by AFM, μTBS was tested, and hybrid layer formation was observed by SEM. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests were used. No statistically significant differences were found in roughness values in any of the subgroups and subgroups studied. Remnants of smear layer were detected in areas devoid of resin tags in SEM images of samples bonded with subgroup 2, in contrast to subgroup 3. No statistically significant difference between any of the results was found in μTBS and a greater number of adhesive failures were observed. The results show that the pretreatment technique of 5.25% NaOCl and the incorporation of NaAg to the self-adhesive system do not produce a surface more adequate for a better adhesion

The ecology of peace : preparing Colombia for new political and planetary climates

ABSTRACT: Colombia, one of the world’s most species-rich nations, is currently undergoing a profound social transition: the end of a decadeslong conflict with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, known as FARC. The peace agreement process will likely transform the country’s physical and socioeconomic landscapes at a time when humans are altering Earth’s atmosphere and climate in unprecedented ways. We discuss ways in which these transformative events will act in combination to shape the ecological and environmental future of Colombia. We also highlight the risks of creating perverse development incentives in these critical times, along with the potential benefits – for the country and the world – if Colombia can navigate through the peace process in a way that protects its own environment and ecosystems

Detection of kinase domain mutations in BCR::ABL1 leukemia by ultra-deep sequencing of genomic DNA

The screening of the BCR::ABL1 kinase domain (KD) mutation has become a routine analysis in case of warning/failure for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Philadelphia (Ph)-positive patients. In this study, we present a novel DNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodology for KD ABL1 mutation detection and monitoring with a 1.0E-4 sensitivity. This approach was validated with a well-stablished RNA-based nested NGS method. The correlation of both techniques for the quantification of ABL1 mutations was high (Pearson r = 0.858, p < 0.001), offering DNA-DeepNGS a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 82%. The clinical impact was studied in a cohort of 129 patients (n = 67 for CML and n = 62 for B-ALL patients). A total of 162 samples (n = 86 CML and n = 76 B-ALL) were studied. Of them, 27 out of 86 harbored mutations (6 in warning and 21 in failure) for CML, and 13 out of 76 (2 diagnostic and 11 relapse samples) did in B-ALL patients. In addition, in four cases were detected mutation despite BCR::ABL1 < 1%. In conclusion, we were able to detect KD ABL1 mutations with a 1.0E-4 sensitivity by NGS using DNA as starting material even in patients with low levels of disease

Propuesta de organización del conocimiento científico de la Universidad de La Salle en el Marco del SCTI

Los lenguajes documentales son herramientas que permiten la representación de los contenido temático de los documentos de una unidad de información con el objeto de facilitar su recuperación, a partir de este concepto se pretende implementar varias propuestas designadas desde un diagnostico al repositorio de la Universidad De La Salle, para ello se distribuyó varios equipos de trabajo en donde se realizaron las siguientes actividades: Propuesta de taxonomía Propuesta de Tesauro Propuesta de Ontología Propuesta de Folksonomía Para cada una de estas tareas es necesario investigar su concepto, características, ventajas y desventajas, por lo tanto la tarea de cada grupo es analizar según las herramientas de trabajo y la cantidad de producción intelectual de conocimiento de la Unisalle, la mejor propuesta según el tema asignado que permita al usuario el fácil y rápido acceso a la información

Propuesta de organización del conocimiento científico de la Universidad de La Salle en el Marco del SCTI

Los lenguajes documentales son herramientas que permiten la representación de los contenido temático de los documentos de una unidad de información con el objeto de facilitar su recuperación, a partir de este concepto se pretende implementar varias propuestas designadas desde un diagnostico al repositorio de la Universidad De La Salle, para ello se distribuyó varios equipos de trabajo en donde se realizaron las siguientes actividades: Propuesta de taxonomía Propuesta de Tesauro Propuesta de Ontología Propuesta de Folksonomía Para cada una de estas tareas es necesario investigar su concepto, características, ventajas y desventajas, por lo tanto la tarea de cada grupo es analizar según las herramientas de trabajo y la cantidad de producción intelectual de conocimiento de la Unisalle, la mejor propuesta según el tema asignado que permita al usuario el fácil y rápido acceso a la información

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Mis casos clínicos de especialidades odontológicas

Libro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasLibro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Campeche Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic