Primer reporte de la colección de moluscos presentes en el Museo Maggiorino Borgatello (Punta Arenas, Chile)

The Chilean mollusc collection of the Maggiorino Borgatello Salesian Museum (Punta Arenas, Chile) was created around the year 1905 aiming to preserve mollusc local knowledge. Since then until mid-twentieth century many specimens had been incorporated into the collection, which were identified by local curators, but never underwent a comprehensive inventory and taxonomic identification. This report provides comprehensive information on the taxonomy and distribution of mollusc species currently present in the museum. We recorded 37 species of molluscs (26 gastropods and 11 bivalves), of which 19 are commercially important species. From the biogeographical standpoint, the collection represents about 4% of the registered molluscs for the Chilean territory and about 10% of that reported for the Magellan Region. At the species level, we highlight the presence of specimens of Photinula roseolineata, Calliostoma irisans and Buccinanops paytensis, which have very few records in the Magellanic Biogeographic Province. The maintenance and preservation of this mollusc collection has great local and regional relevance as a way of preserving cultural heritage of this southern part of the world.La colección de moluscos chilenos del Museo Salesiano Maggiorino Borgatello (Punta Arenas, Chile) fue creada alrededor del año 1905 con el objetivo de rescatar el conocimiento local de la malacofauna. Desde esa fecha hasta mediados del siglo XX se habían ingresado numerosos especimenes, los cuales fueron identificados por curadores locales, pero que nunca fueron sometidos a un inventario exhaustivo ni identificación taxonómica. Este trabajo entrega información sobre las especies de moluscos que actualmente están presentes en el museo. Se registraron un total 37 especies de moluscos (26 gasterópodos y 11 bivalvos), de las cuales 19 corresponden a especies de interés comercial. Desde el punto de vista biogeográfico, la colección representa alrededor del 4% de la malacofauna registrada para el territorio chileno y alrededor del 10% de la registrada para la Región Magallánica. A nivel de especies, se destaca la presencia de ejemplares de Photinula roseolineata, Calliostoma irisans y Buccinanops paytensis, los cuales presentan muy pocos registros en la provincia Biogeográfica Magallánica. El mantenimiento y conservación de esta colección de moluscos reviste importancia a nivel cultural y científico, como una forma de preservación del patrimonio de esta zona austral del mundo

Digging in real-word electronic database for assessing CDK 4/6 inhibitors adherence in breast cancer patients from Romania

Introduction: It is imperative for patients to respect the prescribed treatments to achieve the anticipated clinical outcomes, including the outpatients receiving oral anti-cancer drugs such as selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK 4/6i). With the introduction of three CDK 4/6i drugs in the Romanian pharmaceutical market in 2018, our study aimed to evaluate medication adherence and the influencing factors among patients undergoing treatment with palbociclib, ribociclib, or abemaciclib for advanced or metastatic breast cancer.Methods: Medication adherence was assessed using the Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) method, and Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between adherence, age, gender, and follow-up duration.Results: The study enrolled 330 breast cancer patients, with an average follow-up period of 14.6 ± 12.5 months for palbociclib, 10.6 ± 7.1 months for ribociclib, and 8.6 ± 6.4 months for abemaciclib-treated patients. A small proportion of patients demonstrated non-adherence: 12.8% for palbociclib, 14.6% for ribociclib, and 14.7% for abemaciclib. Among patients receiving palbociclib, there was no significant correlation between adherence, age (rho = 0.07, p = 0.35), or gender (rho = −0.144, p = 0.054). However, a significant correlation was found with the duration of follow-up (rho = −0.304, p < 0.0001). Similar results were observed for patients receiving ribociclib or abemaciclib. Most patients received combination therapy with letrozole (46%) and exemestane (13%) for palbociclib, letrozole (48%) and fulvestrant (19%) for ribociclib, and fulvestrant (39%) and letrozole (27%) for abemaciclib,Discussion: High adherence rates were observed among patients treated with CDK 4/6i drugs, with no significant differences noted among the three drugs in this class. However, the collected patient data was limited, lacking information on adverse reactions that could potentially lead to treatment discontinuation, as determined by the oncologist’s decision not to prescribe. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of all factors contributing to the low adherence levels is hindered

Quantitative analysis of soft-bottom molluscs in the Bellingshausen Sea and around Peter I Island

Macrobenthic soft-bottom molluscs were sampled in 30 stations located in the Bellingshausen Sea at depths ranging from 90 to 3304 m. The samples were collected using a quantitative grab box-corer during the cruises BENTART 03, from 24 January to 3 March 2003, and BENTART 06, from 2 January to 16 February 2006. Molluscs represent 1074 specimens belonging to 62 species of Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda. The bivalve Cyamiocardium denticulatum was the most abundant species (448 specimens). The abundance per station varied between 1 and 446 specimens. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index ranged between one specimen and 2.36, the Pielou evenness index ranged between 0.00 and 1 and species richness ranged from 1 to 14 species. Diversity showed great variations at different stations. After multivariate analysis (cluster analysis and nonmetrical multidimensional scaling) based on Bray–Curtis similarities, we were able to separate two principal clusters. The first cluster groups together species from shallower bottoms near Peter I Island and the Antarctic Peninsula, and the second cluster groups together species from deeper bottoms in the Bellingshausen Sea. The combination of environmental variables with the highest correlations with faunistic data was that of depth and coarse sand at the surface.Publicado

Amphioxus functional genomics and the origins of vertebrate gene regulation.

Vertebrates have greatly elaborated the basic chordate body plan and evolved highly distinctive genomes that have been sculpted by two whole-genome duplications. Here we sequence the genome of the Mediterranean amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) and characterize DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications and transcriptomes across multiple developmental stages and adult tissues to investigate the evolution of the regulation of the chordate genome. Comparisons with vertebrates identify an intermediate stage in the evolution of differentially methylated enhancers, and a high conservation of gene expression and its cis-regulatory logic between amphioxus and vertebrates that occurs maximally at an earlier mid-embryonic phylotypic period. We analyse regulatory evolution after whole-genome duplications, and find that-in vertebrates-over 80% of broadly expressed gene families with multiple paralogues derived from whole-genome duplications have members that restricted their ancestral expression, and underwent specialization rather than subfunctionalization. Counter-intuitively, paralogues that restricted their expression increased the complexity of their regulatory landscapes. These data pave the way for a better understanding of the regulatory principles that underlie key vertebrate innovations

Benthic Peracarids (Crustacea) from an unexplored area of Patagonian channels and Fjords

The intricate geomorphology of the coastline in the Chilean Channels and Fjords region, together with the freshwater inputs from the ice fields provide the area with very unique ecological characteristics and a variety of habitats that favour great marine biodiversity. However, although Chilean Patagonia has been the focus of several expeditions and ecological surveys, the greatest emphasis has been either on the populated coasts of the Beagle Channel and the Straits of Magellan to the south or the area to the north of Golfo de Penas, leaving vast areas that remain largely unexplored. This leads to a latitudinal gap in the faunistic information and hinders zoogeographic studies to assess biogeographical connections along the eastern coasts of the Pacific. Peracarida is a taxonomic group that provides an excellent model for such studies because of their high abundance and biodiversity, benthic habits, small size and limited dispersal capacity.A dataset providing the first and only records of the benthic Peracarida between the latitudes 48–51.5°S of the Pacific coast of Chile is presented here, hence closing a geospatial gap for the study of the biogeographical connections of the Peracarida along the Eastern Pacific coast. The dataset comprises a total of 141 georeferenced records of 60 sublittoral species of Tanaidacea, Isopoda and Amphipoda. This and other studies reveal that the coastal fauna of the region follow a latitudinal distribution pattern at a larger scale and nested assemblages inside the channels and fjords that can be regarded as a consequence of the more restrictive conditions in the inner parts. In the present scenario of global warming that is expected to affect particularly polar and subpolar regions, the present dataset serves as a reference for the distribution patterns of benthic organisms with low dispersal capacity

Leucothoe kawesqari, a new amphipod from Bernardo O’Higgins National Park (Chile), with remarks on the genus in the Magellan Region (Crustacea, Peracarida)

Although the genus Leucothoe has been reported repeatedly in the Magellan Region, the citations in the Channels and Fjords Ecoregion were either unidentified or attributed to the previously considered cosmopolitan Leucothoe spinicarpa. In this work, Leucothoe kawesqari sp. n. is described, which can be distinguished from other species of the genus in the Southern Ocean by having eyes present, epimeral plates with no setae, anterior coxae not acutely produced or excavate, coxa 5 slightly bilobed, accessory flagellum present, mandibular palp article 3 shorter than ½ article 2, pereopods 5–7 basis expanded, ovoid, posterior margin weakly crenulate and telson apex irregularly truncated. The new species was found in hard substrates, both unvegetated and with macroalgae, mainly in kelp forest of Macrocystis pyrifera

Estrategia del marketing digital y su relación con la decisión de compra en la empresa Hipermercado Tottus S.A. 2020

Para este Proyecto de Investigación: “Estrategia del Marketing Digital y su relación con la Decisión de Compra en la empresa Hipermercado Tottus S.A. 2020” se ejecutó un estudio no experimental – transversal, con una población total de 58 clientes siendo la muestra y participación 51 clientes de la empresa Tottus S.A. 2020, teniendo como objetivo de conocer la relación que existe del Marketing Digital sobre la decisión de compra. Aplicando como instrumento la técnica de la encuesta, utilizando la escala likert de 5 puntos para los colaboradores seleccionados. Se aplicó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial, encontrando una relación positiva perfecta entre el Marketing Digital y la Decisión de Compra. Ambas variables poseen una relación causal positiva alta de ,902%. El resultado que se obtuvo nos demuestra que si existe relación positiva amplia entre las variables planteadas en este Proyecto de Investigación. Finalmente se concluye que el Marketing Digital si tiene relación en la Decisión de Compra en la empresa Hipermercado Tottus S.A. 202

Macromoluscos intermareales de sustratos rocosos de la playa Buque Quemado, Estrecho de Magallanes, sur de Chile

The Strait of Magellan is a complex natural channel that connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Due to the weather and oceanographic characteristics of this zone, scientists have been interested in its biota, generating numerous expeditions and studies focused to the marine ecosystems. However, major research has been oriented towards sublitoral environments, creating a lack in the knowledge of numerous intertidal places. The Buque Quemado Beach, located on the oriental end of the Strait of Magellan, corresponds to an area dominated by soft substrata, and it has not yet been characterized from the malacological point of view. In April 2008, exhaustive sampling using a transect perpendicular to the coast line, from the upper intertidal to the lower intertidal was carried out, where all molluscs were collected, which were then fixed, identified and photographed; carrying out observations on the taxonomy, ecology, distribution and biogeography of all species. Twelve species were identified (2 Polyplacophora, 9 Gastropoda and 1 Bivalvia) from the 218 examined specimens, of which 69% corresponded the bivalve Mytilus edulis chilensis. Fifty eight percent of the species exhibited a Magellan distribution and the 42% remaining demonstrated a wide distribution embracing two or more biogeographic provinces. The low number of obtained species could respond mainly to physical factors of the beach, considering that soft substrates act as an important spatial factor, shrinking intertidal diversity.El Estrecho de Magallanes corresponde a un complejo canal natural de conexión entre los océanos Pacífico y Atlántico. Debido al clima y características oceanográficas de esta zona, los científicos se han interesado por su biota, generando numerosas expediciones y estudios enfocados al ecosistema marino. Sin embargo, muchas de las investigaciones realizadas se han orientado a ambientes sublitorales, existiendo una carencia en el conocimiento de numerosos sitios intermareales. La playa Buque Quemado, ubicada en el extremo oriental del Estrecho de Magallanes, corresponde a un área dominada por sustratos blandos, no caracterizada desde el punto de vista malacológico. En abril de 2008 se realizó un muestreo exhaustivo de un transecto perpendicular a la línea de costa desde la zona del intermareal superior hasta el intermareal inferior, colectándose todos los moluscos encontrados, los cuales fueron fijados, identificados y fotografiados; realizando observaciones sobre la taxonomía, ecología, distribución y biogeografía de todas las especies. Se determinaron 12 especies (2 Polyplacophora, 9 Gastropoda y 1 Bivalvia) a partir de 218 especímenes examinados, de los cuales el 69% correspondió al bivalvo Mytilus edulis chilensis. El 58% de las especies son propias de la provincia Magallánica y el 42% restante incluye especies que se distribuyen en dos o más provincias biogeográficas. El bajo número de especies obtenidas podría responder mayormente a factores físicos de la playa, sugiriendo considerar los sustratos blandos como un importante factor espacial limitante de la diversidad intermareal