Réseaux moléculaires et Chimie des Substances Naturelles : de l’isolement de composés inédits à de toutes nouvelles applications en synthèse biomimétique

The discovery of new natural products is a very long and expensive process ; it is therefore important to detect previously known compounds in the studied matrices, to avoid an useless second isolation. This is the aim of annotation (partial but quick identification of compounds) and of dereplication (application of annotation to avoid reisolation).Thanks to its unequaled sensibility and to the "big data" era, the high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to tandem mass spectrometry has become a reference technique in this field. Indeed, its use is generally implemented by informatic tools, as "molecular networking", because of the large amount of generated data.This thesis is divided into two parts : the first one deals with extraction of new compounds from a very well-known Apocynaceae plant, Picralima nitida. The second one is about the application of "molecular networking" to biomimetic chemistry in mixtures, especially about "3-alkylpiperidines" alkaloids.La découverte de nouvelles entités naturelles est un processus particulièrement long et coûteux ; il faut donc réussir le plus tôt possible à détecter les composés connus dans les matrices étudiées, afin de ne pas les ré-isoler inutilement. C’est tout l’enjeu de l’annotation (c’est-à-dire l’identification partielle mais rapide de composés) et de la déréplication (autrement dit, l’application de l’annotation en vue d’écarter les molécules déjà connues du processus d’isolement).Grâce à sa sensibilité inégalée et à l’avènement de l’ère du « big data », la chromatographie liquide à haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse tandem (CLHP-SM/SM) s’est imposée comme l’un des outils de référence dans cette démarche. En effet, son utilisation implique bien souvent le recours à des méthodes de traitement informatiques, comme le « molecular networking », de par la quantité considérable de données générées.La thèse se présente donc en deux parties : la première, portée sur l'extraction de nouveaux composés à partir d'une plante de la famille des Apocynaceae déjà très étudiée, Picralima nitida. La seconde propose une application des réseaux moléculaires à de la chimie biomimétique en mélanges, autour des alcaloïdes de type « 3-alkylpipéridines »

Réseaux moléculaires et Chimie des Substances Naturelles : de l’isolement de composés inédits à de toutes nouvelles applications en synthèse biomimétique

The discovery of new natural products is a very long and expensive process ; it is therefore important to detect previously known compounds in the studied matrices, to avoid an useless second isolation. This is the aim of annotation (partial but quick identification of compounds) and of dereplication (application of annotation to avoid reisolation).Thanks to its unequaled sensibility and to the "big data" era, the high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to tandem mass spectrometry has become a reference technique in this field. Indeed, its use is generally implemented by informatic tools, as "molecular networking", because of the large amount of generated data.This thesis is divided into two parts : the first one deals with extraction of new compounds from a very well-known Apocynaceae plant, Picralima nitida. The second one is about the application of "molecular networking" to biomimetic chemistry in mixtures, especially about "3-alkylpiperidines" alkaloids.La découverte de nouvelles entités naturelles est un processus particulièrement long et coûteux ; il faut donc réussir le plus tôt possible à détecter les composés connus dans les matrices étudiées, afin de ne pas les ré-isoler inutilement. C’est tout l’enjeu de l’annotation (c’est-à-dire l’identification partielle mais rapide de composés) et de la déréplication (autrement dit, l’application de l’annotation en vue d’écarter les molécules déjà connues du processus d’isolement).Grâce à sa sensibilité inégalée et à l’avènement de l’ère du « big data », la chromatographie liquide à haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse tandem (CLHP-SM/SM) s’est imposée comme l’un des outils de référence dans cette démarche. En effet, son utilisation implique bien souvent le recours à des méthodes de traitement informatiques, comme le « molecular networking », de par la quantité considérable de données générées.La thèse se présente donc en deux parties : la première, portée sur l'extraction de nouveaux composés à partir d'une plante de la famille des Apocynaceae déjà très étudiée, Picralima nitida. La seconde propose une application des réseaux moléculaires à de la chimie biomimétique en mélanges, autour des alcaloïdes de type « 3-alkylpipéridines »

Molecular Networking and Natural Products Chemistry : from novel compounds isolation to brand new applications in biomimetic synthesis

La découverte de nouvelles entités naturelles est un processus particulièrement long et coûteux ; il faut donc réussir le plus tôt possible à détecter les composés connus dans les matrices étudiées, afin de ne pas les ré-isoler inutilement. C’est tout l’enjeu de l’annotation (c’est-à-dire l’identification partielle mais rapide de composés) et de la déréplication (autrement dit, l’application de l’annotation en vue d’écarter les molécules déjà connues du processus d’isolement).Grâce à sa sensibilité inégalée et à l’avènement de l’ère du « big data », la chromatographie liquide à haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse tandem (CLHP-SM/SM) s’est imposée comme l’un des outils de référence dans cette démarche. En effet, son utilisation implique bien souvent le recours à des méthodes de traitement informatiques, comme le « molecular networking », de par la quantité considérable de données générées.La thèse se présente donc en deux parties : la première, portée sur l'extraction de nouveaux composés à partir d'une plante de la famille des Apocynaceae déjà très étudiée, Picralima nitida. La seconde propose une application des réseaux moléculaires à de la chimie biomimétique en mélanges, autour des alcaloïdes de type « 3-alkylpipéridines ».The discovery of new natural products is a very long and expensive process ; it is therefore important to detect previously known compounds in the studied matrices, to avoid an useless second isolation. This is the aim of annotation (partial but quick identification of compounds) and of dereplication (application of annotation to avoid reisolation).Thanks to its unequaled sensibility and to the "big data" era, the high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to tandem mass spectrometry has become a reference technique in this field. Indeed, its use is generally implemented by informatic tools, as "molecular networking", because of the large amount of generated data.This thesis is divided into two parts : the first one deals with extraction of new compounds from a very well-known Apocynaceae plant, Picralima nitida. The second one is about the application of "molecular networking" to biomimetic chemistry in mixtures, especially about "3-alkylpiperidines" alkaloids

Baldwin and Whitehead’s Manzamine Alkaloids Biosynthesis Hy-pothesis Involves a Finely Tuned Reactivity of C3 Unit: a High-Throughput Experimentation Approach

A rapid analysis of mass spectrometry data generated from 96 multicomponent reactions using a herein-provided chemoinformatic workflow, have pinpointed relevant conditions tuning the reactivity of acrolein to fulfill Baldwin and Whitehead’s manzamine alkaloids biosynthetic hypothesis. This strategy can become part of a general method for the analysis of information-rich high-throughput experiments of multicomponent reactions applied to natural product biosynthetic scenari

Molecular Networking Reveals Serpentinine-Related Bisindole Alkaloids from Picralima nitida , a Previously Well-Investigated Species

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The tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli regulates T lymphocyte migration

International audienceAdenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a tumor suppressor whose mutations underlie familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and colorectal cancer. Although its role in intestinal epithelial cells is well characterized, APC importance in T cell biology is ill defined. APC regulates cytoskeleton organization, cell polarity, and migration in various cell types. Here, we address whether APC plays a role in T lymphocyte migration. Using a series of cell biology tools, we unveiled that T cells from FAP patients carrying APC mutations display impaired adhesion and motility in constrained environments. We further dissected the cellular mechanisms underpinning these defects in APC-depleted CEM T cell line that recapitulate the phenotype observed in FAP T cells. We found that APC affects T cell motility by modulating integrin-dependent adhesion and cytoskeleton reorganization. Hence, APC mutations in FAP patients not only drive intestinal neoplasms but also impair T cell migration, potentially contributing to inefficient antitumor immunity

Revisiting Previously Investigated Plants: A Molecular Networking-Based Study of Geissospermum laeve

International audienceThree new monoterpene indole alkaloids (13) have been isolated from the bark of Geissospermum laeve-, together with the known alkaloids (-)-leuconolam (4), geissolosimine (5), and geissospermine (6). The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by analysis of their HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of geissolaevine (I). was deduced from the comparison of experimental and theoretically calculated ECD spectra. The isolation workflow was guided by a molecular networking-based dereplication strategy using an in-house database of monoterpene indole alkaloids. In addition, five known compounds previously undescribed in the Geissospermum genus were dereplicated from the G. laeve alkaloid extract network and were assigned with various levels of identification confidence. The antiparasitic activities against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania donovani as well as the Ortotoxic activity against the MRC-5 cell line were determined for compounds 1-5

T cell migration and effector function differences in familial adenomatous polyposis patients with APC gene mutations

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited disease characterized by the development of large number of colorectal adenomas with high risk of evolving into colorectal tumors. Mutations of the Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is often at the origin of this disease, as well as of a high percentage of spontaneous colorectal tumors. APC is therefore considered a tumor suppressor gene. While the role of APC in intestinal epithelium homeostasis is well characterized, its importance in immune responses remains ill defined. Our recent work indicates that the APC protein is involved in various phases of both CD4 and CD8 T cells responses. This prompted us to investigate an array of immune cell features in FAP subjects carrying APC mutations. A group of 12 FAP subjects and age and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. We characterized the immune cell repertoire in peripheral blood and the capacity of immune cells to respond ex vivo to different stimuli either in whole blood or in purified T cells. A variety of experimental approaches were used, including, pultiparamater flow cytometry, NanosString gene expression profiling, Multiplex and regular ELISA, confocal microscopy and computer-based image analyis methods. We found that the percentage of several T and natural killer (NK) cell populations, the expression of several genes induced upon innate or adaptive immune stimulation and the production of several cytokines and chemokines was different. Moreover, the capacity of T cells to migrate in response to chemokine was consistently altered. Finally, immunological synapses between FAP cytotoxic T cells and tumor target cells were more poorly structured. Our findings of this pilot study suggest that mild but multiple immune cell dysfunctions, together with intestinal epithelial dysplasia in FAP subjects, may facilitate the long-term polyposis and colorectal tumor development. Although at an initial discovery phase due to the limited sample size of this rare disease cohort, our findings open new perspectives to consider immune cell abnormalities into polyposis pathology

Collected mass spectrometry data on monoterpene indole alkaloids from natural product chemistry research

Design Type(s)mass spectrometry data transformation objective • mass spectrometry data analysis objective • data integration objectiveMeasurement Type(s)mass spectrumTechnology Type(s)liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryFactor Type(s)Sample Characteristic(s)Strychnos usambarensis • Picralima nitida • Geissospermum laeve • Pleiocarpa mutica • Alstonia • Callichilia inaequalis • Chimarris cymosa • Mostuea brunonis • Gonioma < moth > • Cinchona • Catharanthus roseus • Voacanga grandifolia Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format

DataSheet_1_T cell migration and effector function differences in familial adenomatous polyposis patients with APC gene mutations.pdf

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited disease characterized by the development of large number of colorectal adenomas with high risk of evolving into colorectal tumors. Mutations of the Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is often at the origin of this disease, as well as of a high percentage of spontaneous colorectal tumors. APC is therefore considered a tumor suppressor gene. While the role of APC in intestinal epithelium homeostasis is well characterized, its importance in immune responses remains ill defined. Our recent work indicates that the APC protein is involved in various phases of both CD4 and CD8 T cells responses. This prompted us to investigate an array of immune cell features in FAP subjects carrying APC mutations. A group of 12 FAP subjects and age and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. We characterized the immune cell repertoire in peripheral blood and the capacity of immune cells to respond ex vivo to different stimuli either in whole blood or in purified T cells. A variety of experimental approaches were used, including, pultiparamater flow cytometry, NanosString gene expression profiling, Multiplex and regular ELISA, confocal microscopy and computer-based image analyis methods. We found that the percentage of several T and natural killer (NK) cell populations, the expression of several genes induced upon innate or adaptive immune stimulation and the production of several cytokines and chemokines was different. Moreover, the capacity of T cells to migrate in response to chemokine was consistently altered. Finally, immunological synapses between FAP cytotoxic T cells and tumor target cells were more poorly structured. Our findings of this pilot study suggest that mild but multiple immune cell dysfunctions, together with intestinal epithelial dysplasia in FAP subjects, may facilitate the long-term polyposis and colorectal tumor development. Although at an initial discovery phase due to the limited sample size of this rare disease cohort, our findings open new perspectives to consider immune cell abnormalities into polyposis pathology.</p