CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA AGENDA PÚBLICA PARA LA SECTORIALIZACIÓN HACIA EL DESARROLLO NACIONAL COSTARRICENSE: REFLEXIONES DESDE EL SECTOR EDUCACIÓN

The Costa Rican education sector is comprised of the Ministry of Public Education, which is responsible for the stewardship of the sector, in addition to the Colegio Universitario de Limón, the Colegio Universitario de Cartago, the National Cmomission for Educational Loans (CONAPE)and the National Learning Institute. The importance of a public agenda to resume the challenges of increased coverage and access, equity in education and the pursuit of higher academic quality and better teachers, are important for the national development of the country and are important challenges for the next government. The research question is: Is there a public agenda for the education sector or are there inputs at a sectoral level that allow define national development, mainly in response to social needs?El sector educación costarricense se encuentra conformado por el Ministerio de Educación Pública, quien tiene a cargo la rectoría del sector, además del Colegio Universitario de Limón, el Colegio Universitario de Cartago, Comisión Nacional de Préstamo a la Educación (CONAPE) y el Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje. La importancia de una agenda pública que retome los desafíos de mayor cobertura y acceso, equidad en la educación y la búsqueda de mayor calidad académica y de sus docentes, es de vital relevancia para el desarrollo nacional del país; principales retos para el próximo gobierno. La pregunta de investigación es ¿Existe una agenda pública para el Sector Educación o existen insumos a nivel sectorial que permitan definirla hacia el desarrollo nacional, principalmente en la respuesta a las necesidades sociales

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Análisis del proceso de formulación de la política nacional de ordenamiento territorial en costa rica (pnot 2012–2040)

This article applies the cognitive approach of Pierre Muller (1998), in some of the instruments of public action on the subject of territorial planning for the Costa Rican case in the period from 1995 to 2013, showing how the territorial planning arises. In the first time, in an environmental legislation initiative it was dimensioned in urban planning aspects linked to land use, somewhat limited. After that, various initiatives were generated up to what is presented today in a dimension of sustainable development, thus being a benchmark change. Some aspects that emerged from the analysis process were: referential of integral vision of territorial planning with envi-ronmental criteria (Organic Law of the Environment (LOA) of 1995); ref-erential of the Common Vision and Regional Development at the Central American level (ACOT, 2010); referential of vision of planning of regional scale at national level that serves as a framing of the regulatory plans of the municipalities of the GAM (GAM Plan 2013); referential spatial vision of social, environmental and economic policies in the territory in three stra-tegic areas: Habitat Quality; Environmental Protection and Management and Territorial Competitiveness (PNOT, 2012–2040); Referential vision of sustainability of the operational management of the strategic areas of the PNOT: Habitat Quality, Environmental Protection and Management and Territorial Competitiveness (PLANOT, 2012–2040).En el presente documento se aplica el enfoque cognitivo de Pierre Muller (1998), en algunos de los instrumentos de acción pública sobre el tema de ordenamiento territorial para el caso costarricense en el periodo de 1995 al 2013, mostrando que el tema de ordenamiento territorial surge por primera vez en una iniciativa de legislación ambiental, anterior a ello se dimensionaba en aspectos de planificación urbana ligados al uso del suelo, siendo de esta manera algo limitado. Después de ahí, se generaron diversas iniciativas hasta lo que hoy se presenta en una dimensión de desarrollo sostenible, siendo así un cambio de referencial. Algunos aspectos que emergieron del proceso de análisis fueron: referencial de visión integral del ordenamiento territorial con criterios ambientales (Ley Orgánica del Ambiente (LOA) del 1995); referencial de visión común y desarrollo regional a nivel de Centroamérica (ACOT, 2010); referencial de visión de planificación de escala regional a nivel nacional que sirva de encuadre de los planes reguladores de los municipios de la GAM (Plan GAM 2013); referencial de visión espacial de las políticas sociales, ambientales y económicas en el territorio en tres áreas estratégicas: Calidad del Hábitat; Protección y Manejo Ambiental y Competitividad Territorial (PNOT, 2012–2040); referencial de visión de sostenibilidad de la gestión operativa de las áreas estratégicas del PNOT: Calidad del Hábitat, Protección y Manejo Ambiental y Competitividad Territorial (PLANOT, 2012–2040)

CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA AGENDA PÚBLICA PARA LA SECTORIALIZACIÓN HACIA EL DESARROLLO NACIONAL COSTARRICENSE: REFLEXIONES DESDE EL SECTOR EDUCACIÓN

The Costa Rican education sector is comprised of the Ministry of Public Education, which is responsible for the stewardship of the sector, in addition to the Colegio Universitario de Limón, the Colegio Universitario de Cartago, the National Cmomission for Educational Loans (CONAPE)and the National Learning Institute. The importance of a public agenda to resume the challenges of increased coverage and access, equity in education and the pursuit of higher academic quality and better teachers, are important for the national development of the country and are important challenges for the next government. The research question is: Is there a public agenda for the education sector or are there inputs at a sectoral level that allow define national development, mainly in response to social needs?El sector educación costarricense se encuentra conformado por el Ministerio de Educación Pública, quien tiene a cargo la rectoría del sector, además del Colegio Universitario de Limón, el Colegio Universitario de Cartago, Comisión Nacional de Préstamo a la Educación (CONAPE) y el Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje. La importancia de una agenda pública que retome los desafíos de mayor cobertura y acceso, equidad en la educación y la búsqueda de mayor calidad académica y de sus docentes, es de vital relevancia para el desarrollo nacional del país; principales retos para el próximo gobierno. La pregunta de investigación es ¿Existe una agenda pública para el Sector Educación o existen insumos a nivel sectorial que permitan definirla hacia el desarrollo nacional, principalmente en la respuesta a las necesidades sociales

Author Correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Correction to: Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x, published online 2 August 2021. In the version of this article initially published, the following authors were omitted from the author list and the Author contributionssection for “investigation” and “writing and editing”: Nandor Hajdu (Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest,Hungary), Jordane Boudesseul (Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Perú), RafałMuda (Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland) and Sandersan Onie (Black Dog Institute, UNSWSydney, Sydney, Australia & Emotional Health for All Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia). In addition, Saeideh FatahModares’ name wasoriginally misspelled as Saiedeh FatahModarres in the author list. Further, affiliations have been corrected for Maria Terskova (NationalResearch University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia), Susana Ruiz Fernandez (FOM University of Applied Sciences,Essen; Leibniz-Institut fur Wissensmedien, Tubingen, and LEAD Research Network, Eberhard Karls University, Tubingen, Germany),Hendrik Godbersen (FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany), Gulnaz Anjum (Department of Psychology, Simon FraserUniversity, Burnaby, Canada, and Department of Economics & Social Sciences, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Pakistan)

Author correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Correction to: Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x, published online 2 August 2021. In the version of this article initially published, the following authors were omitted from the author list and the Author contributionssection for “investigation” and “writing and editing”: Nandor Hajdu (Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest,Hungary), Jordane Boudesseul (Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Perú), RafałMuda (Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland) and Sandersan Onie (Black Dog Institute, UNSWSydney, Sydney, Australia & Emotional Health for All Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia). In addition, Saeideh FatahModares’ name wasoriginally misspelled as Saiedeh FatahModarres in the author list. Further, affiliations have been corrected for Maria Terskova (NationalResearch University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia), Susana Ruiz Fernandez (FOM University of Applied Sciences,Essen; Leibniz-Institut fur Wissensmedien, Tubingen, and LEAD Research Network, Eberhard Karls University, Tubingen, Germany),Hendrik Godbersen (FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany), Gulnaz Anjum (Department of Psychology, Simon FraserUniversity, Burnaby, Canada, and Department of Economics & Social Sciences, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Pakistan)

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions

In COVID-19 health messaging, loss framing increases anxiety with little-to-no concomitant benefits: Experimental evidence from 84 countries

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges