Synthesis And Characterization Of Polydiene-Grafted Nanoparticles

This dissertation presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of polydiene grafted nanoparticles as a way to tailor nanocomposite interfaces and properties via interface design. The polymerization of dienes was done via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The grafting of polymer chains on the surface of silica nanoparticles can be controlled through the molecular design of the RAFT agents attached to the nanoparticles surface. The properties of the nanocomposites largely depended on the interface between the particles and the polymer matrix. In the first part of this work, the polymerization of diene monomers was done on 15 nm diameter silica nanoparticles. SI-RAFT polymerization of isoprene and chloroprene on silica NPs was studied in detail and revealed living character for all these polymerizations. Composites of matrix-free grafted NPs were prepared and analyzed to find the effects of chain length on the dispersibility and organization of particles throughout the matrix. A wide range of grafted polydiene brush molecular weights and graft densities were polymerized on SiO2 NPs to investigate mechanical properties of composites. Multiple vii characterizations such as DSC, WAXS, and SAXS were applied to study the interaction of the polydiene brushes on the inorganic fillers. The surface modified particles with diene polymer brushes were capable of creating a welldispersed state that resulted in improved mechanical properties of matrix-free composites. High loadings of inorganic particles were attained while avoiding particle aggregation and the improvement in mechanical properties correlated with the loading of the core silica loading level. In the second part, both free and SI-RAFT polymerization of 2,3-dimethyl butadiene (DMB) was studied. The kinetic study of DMB monomer was studied with free and SI-RAFT polymerization and compared to other diene monomers. The SI-RAFT polymerization was done with two different graft densities to represent both low and high-density graft regimes. The dispersion of particles was investigated and showed that for both low and high graft density an acceptable level of dispersion was observed throughout the final composite which was confirmed with TEM and SAXS studies. The resulting polydimethyl butadiene (PDMB) grafted silica nanoparticles were directly crosslinked to obtain matrix-free nanocomposites that showed good nanoparticle dispersion and much improved mechanical properties compared with the unfilled crosslinked matrix. viii The third part of this study examined the reversible additionfragmentation chain transfer polymerization of chloroprene on the surface of 15 nm diameter silica nanoparticles to obtain polychloroprene-grafted-silica nanoparticles which were dispersed in an industrial matrix of polychloroprene to obtain PCP nanocomposites with different silica core loadings. Two graft densities and a wide range of molecular weights were studied to examine the effects of these key parameters on the cured composite properties. The dispersion of the grafted nanoparticles in a commercial PCP matrix were excellent for both high and low graft densities. The mechanical properties were enhanced for all composites compared to unfilled cured matrix and proportionally improved with increasing silica loading and grafted polymer chain length. Stress-strain properties were most improved in composites using nanoparticles with low graft density and high molecular weight grafted chains. Finally, polyisoprene (PIP) grafted nanoparticles were prepared and studied for use in rubbery nanocomposites. Scale up approaches were successful and detailed mechanical property studies were conducted to evaluate the advantages of these new polymer grafted nanoparticle based rubbery composites. These trans-PIP grafted particles were dispersed in commercial cisPIP and in-house prepared trans-PIP matrices to obtain PIP nanocomposites with different silica loadings and a single graft density. Miscibility and dispersion of ix particles in both matrices were also studied to examine the compatibility of the different isomers. The trans-PIP-g-NPs were relatively well-dispersed in the cisPIP matrix where the molecular weights of the grafted and matrix polymers were nearly the same (35 kDa-grafted and 40 kDa matrix). However, the mechanical properties of the trans-PIP-g-NPs in the trans-PIP matrix showed better mechanical properties, likely due to the polymer compatibility even though the molecular weights of the grafted and matrix chains (35 kDa-grafted and 52 kDa matrix) were mis-matched and the particles were not dispersed as well in the matrix

Study The Causative agent of abortion in Babylon city by using TORCH test.

Abstract :    TORCH syndrome is only one health issue. According to health experts, however, TORCH syndrome is a set of various infectious diseases. They can cause serious problems and can damage a fetus' health. Aim of study: To detection the causative agent of abortion in Babylon city –Iraq by using TORCH test . Material and patient : Hundred ninety five women severed  from abortion  were  enrolled in this study .The duration of study continuous from July 2018-to June 2019. ELISA test was used for determination the titter of  IgG, IgM form all participat. Result :The study result was showed  positive casesfor  IgM, IgG  of Toxoplasma  (94,84) respectively with percentage (57.3%,54.2%). While  negative case was showed (12,22) respectively with percentage (38.7%, 55%) .The study was showed  in CMV positive titter  case in botheIgM,IgG(65,75 ) respectively with percentage( 69.1%, 60%) .while the negative case  was  (40,31) respectively with present (40%,44.2%) In Rubella positive  IgM, IgG was register as (19,31) with present (73% ,34%).while negative IgM,IgG  was (87,75) respectively with percentage (51%,71%). Finally the positive result of  IgM, IgG  HSV was showed (6,31) respectively with percentage (54.5 %&53%) while the negative result is (79,65) respectively with present (43%& 46%). Conclusion : this study was found ,the toxoplasma was the major factor for the abortion more than the viruses ,we need more study to determination of the relationship  between the  abortion and infection of viruses

The Immunological Significance of Medicinal Plants in Disease Control and Prevention in Humans

This abstract provides a review highlighting the significant role of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases globally. To explore this, a questionnaire was conducted in Baghdad to inquire whether individuals resorted to using medicinal plants when experiencing illness. The objective was to gain insights into the efficacy of medicinal plants when used as a form of treatment. Findings from studies conducted worldwide consistently indicate that medicinal plants are widely utilized due to their positive outcomes and cost-effectiveness compared to chemical drugs. Furthermore, ongoing research on the effects of medicinal plants has resulted in the development of novel therapies for numerous chronic ailments, including Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, hypertension, peptic ulcers, IBS syndrome, and other acute and chronic conditions

Staphylococcus epidermis and acne scar inflammations in young people

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a resilient microbe distinguished by its immobile, Gram-positive spherical cells that aggregate in clusters resembling grape clusters. Biochemical examinations reveal a faintly positive outcome in the nitrate reductase test for this microbe. It generates urease while lacking oxidase production. S. epidermidis possesses a transferrin-binding protein that facilitates the acquisition of iron from transferrin. The formation of biofilms on plastic devices plays a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of S. epidermidis and its connection to acne. This adaptable bacterium is frequently encountered as a nosocomial and commensal pathogen, recognized for its opportunistic behavior and its global impact on infections, primarily contracted within healthcare facilities. It displays a remarkable ability to establish strong biofilms on various surfaces, contributing to infections linked to catheters and heart valve implants. The transmission of the bacterium is easily facilitated through the contamination of the skin of hospital visitors and healthcare personnel

LoRaline: A Critical Message Passing Line of Communication for Anomaly Mapping in IoV Systems

The importance of road safety is felt nowadays more than ever, where various technologies, including self-driving cars, have become abundant. Nowadays, it has more demand to build autonomous and electrical vehicles with information retrieval systems within the received sensory data not only from the local sensors but also the online and live streaming data over networks. To increase road safety dissemination of critical information, including the possibility of an obstacle or danger being in the middle of the road, automotive navigation and control systems are required. A novel method is proposed to make this critical communication possible over a specially designed vehicular ad-hoc network, where natural or urban barriers can prevent signal propagation. The network is implemented using the LoRaWAN interface and SX127x LoRa Radio module. The SX1272MB2xAS is fitted with the SX1272 transceiver, which added to a high-performance FSK/OOK RF transceiver modem. Additionally, LoRa long-range modem provides highly power-efficient communication. For this aim, two new mechanisms have been proposed. The first mechanism enables the nodes to receive data from a suggested communication link. While the second mechanism is designed to extract vital information such as establishing the connection, closing the connection, successful data transmission, errors, etc. The findings demonstrate that the proposed mechanisms have successfully enabled LoRaWAN to operate in IoV environment. The evaluation reveals that metrics such as battery consumption and covering range outperform similar technologies. Finally, this paper proposes a message-passing strategy based on Belief Propagation (BP) which provides more accurate marginal probabilities to overcome the low data rate as a foundation for our future work

Correction: Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies (Critical Care, (2023), 27, 1, (3), 10.1186/s13054-022-04294-5)

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified that the collaborating authors part of the collaborating author group CCCC Consortium was missing. The collaborating author group is available and included as Additional file 1 in this article