Tunneling with negative tension

We describe a new family of thin-wall instantons, with negative tension bubble walls, that mediate tunneling between Minkowski or de Sitter vacua. Some of these instantons can have exponentially enhanced tunneling rates, and would dominate the Euclidean path integral, representing a severe non-perturbative instability in any theory which supports them. We give two constructions of these instantons in theories which are perturbatively stable, but violate the null energy condition. One construction uses a scalar field theory with higher-derivative kinetic term, and is similar to the Coleman-de Luccia positive tension instanton. The other construction employs a negative-tension boundary arising from Z_2 orbifolding: it resembles a "bubble of nothing" which nucleates and grows, consuming the surrounding de Sitter or Minkowski spacetime. We explain how the spectral flow for fluctutations about the thin-wall tunneling solutions automatically protects causality, for both positive and negative tension instantons. We comment briefly on the relation of these solutions to a Kalzua-Klein "bubble of nothing," cosmological models relying on ghost condensates, and string theory orientifolds.Comment: PDFLaTeX, 43pp v2: new appendix, references adde

Phase correction at millimeter wavelengths using observations of water vapor at 22 GHz

We present results from phase correction efforts at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory millimeter array (OVRO). A brief description of the theory of phase correction is followed by a description of the water line monitors (WLMs) constructed and placed on each of the six antennas of the array. A summary of the current software in place is also included. We present examples of data corrected using this technique and the first image created using radiometric phase correction at OVRO. The phase correction system is undergoing further development and will soon be made available for general observing at the array. A brief discussion of application of the technique for future arrays (e.g. MMA, LSA, etc.) is included as a conclusion to this contribution

Kajian Biaya Penggunaan Omeprazole Sebagai Terapi Profilaksis Gastritis Pada Pasien Demam Dengue dan Demam Berdarah Dengue di RSUD X daerah Jakarta Periode Januari – Desember 2014

Gastritis merupakan komplikasi yang dapat terjadi pada pasien demam dengue dan demam berdarah dengue. Faktor risiko perdarahan gastrointestinal adalah trombosit <50.000/mm3. Terapi pada pasien gastritis dapat diberikan omeprazole. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian omeprazole pada pasien demam dengue dan demam berdarah dengue terhadap biaya, hari perawatan dan biaya omeprazole di RSUD X daerah Jakarta. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kohort retrospektif. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien rawat inap kelas tiga dengan diagnosis demam dengue dan demam berdarah dengue pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2014. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 42 pasien kelompok nonkriteria (trombosit>50.000/mm3) dan 39 pasien kelompok kriteria (trombosit<50.000/mm3). Alat pengumpul data merupakan catatan rekam medik pasien. Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney, t-test dan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan omeprazole tidak terdapat perbedaan total biaya perawatan (p=0,345) dan biaya omeprazole (p=0,916) antara kelompok nonkriteria dan kelompok kriteria. Terdapat perbedaan hari rawat (p=0,004) pada kelompok nonkriteria dengan kelompok kriteria. Kategori pasien yaitu kelompok pasien nonkriteria dan kelompok kriteria tidak berpengaruh terhadap total biaya dan biaya omeprazole dilihat dari nilai OR secara berturut-turut sebesar 1,191 (IK; 0,450-3,152), 1,182 (IK; 0,469-2,977). Kategori pasien berpengaruh signifikan (p=0,005) dalam peningkatan lama hari rawat dengan OR (odds ratio) = 3,963 (IK; 1,530 – 10,265). Komorbiditas merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya peningkatan total biaya perawatan, lama hari rawat dan biaya penggunaan omeprazole.Kata kunci : omeprazole, gastritis, demam berdarah dengue, biaya perawatan, lama rawat inapGastritis is a complication that can occur in patients with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding is platelet count <50.000/mm3. Omeprazole is the one of choice for gastritis prophylaxis therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of omeprazole in patients with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever according to the cost, length of stay and the cost of omeprazole at X Public Hospital in Jakarta. Retrospective cohort is design of the study. The inclusion criteria were third class of inpatients with a diagnosis of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in January to December 2014. The study sample consisted of 42 patients in the noncriteria group (platelets count>50,000 / mm3) and 39 patients criteria group (platelets count<50,000 / mm3 ). Data collection tool is a patient medical record. Data analysis using the Mann-Whitney test, t-test and Chi-Square test. Results showed that use of omeprazole there is no difference in the total cost of treatment (p = 0.345) and the cost of omeprazole (p = 0.916) between the group of noncriteria and criteria group. There are differences in length of stay (p = 0.004) in the group of noncriteria with the group criteria. Noncriteria group (platelets> 50,000 / mm3) and a group of criteria (platelet count <50,000 / mm3) did not affect the total cost, and cost of omeprazole seen from the OR (odds ratio) respectively, 1,191 (CI; 0,450 - 3,152), 1,182 (CI; 0,469 - 2,977). Platelet count have a significant effect (p = 0.005) in the increased length of stay with OR = 3.963 (CI; 1.530 - 10.265). Comorbidity is a factor that affecting the increase in the total cost, length of stay and cost of omeprazole.Key words : omeprazole, gastritis, dengue hemorraghic fever, cost of hospitalization, length of sta

Kajian Biaya Penggunaan Omeprazole Sebagai Terapi Profilaksis Gastritis Pada Pasien Demam Dengue dan Demam Berdarah Dengue di RSUD X daerah Jakarta Periode Januari – Desember 2014

Gastritis merupakan komplikasi yang dapat terjadi pada pasien demam dengue dan demam berdarah dengue. Faktor risiko perdarahan gastrointestinal adalah trombosit 50.000/mm3) dan 39 pasien kelompok kriteria (trombosit50,000 / mm3) and 39 patients criteria group (platelets count 50,000 / mm3) and a group of criteria (platelet count <50,000 / mm3) did not affect the total cost, and cost of omeprazole seen from the OR (odds ratio) respectively, 1,191 (CI; 0,450 - 3,152), 1,182 (CI; 0,469 - 2,977). Platelet count have a significant effect (p = 0.005) in the increased length of stay with OR = 3.963 (CI; 1.530 - 10.265). Comorbidity is a factor that affecting the increase in the total cost, length of stay and cost of omeprazole.Key words : omeprazole, gastritis, dengue hemorraghic fever, cost of hospitalization, length of sta

The Production Rate and Employment of Ph.D. Astronomers

In an effort to encourage self-regulation of the astronomy job market, I examine the supply of, and demand for, astronomers over time. On the supply side, I document the production rate of Ph.D. astronomers from 1970 to 2006 using the UMI Dissertation Abstracts database, along with data from other independent sources. I compare the long-term trends in Ph.D. production with federal astronomy research funding over the same time period, and I demonstrate that additional funding is correlated with higher subsequent Ph.D. production. On the demand side, I monitor the changing patterns of employment using statistics about the number and types of jobs advertised in the AAS Job Register from 1984 to 2006. Finally, I assess the sustainability of the job market by normalizing this demand by the annual Ph.D. production. The most recent data suggest that there are now annual advertisements for about one postdoctoral job, half a faculty job, and half a research/support position for every new domestic Ph.D. recipient in astronomy and astrophysics. The average new astronomer might expect to hold up to 3 jobs before finding a steady position.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, PASP accepte

Moments of inertia of several airplanes

This paper, which is the first of a series presenting the results of such measurements, gives the momental ellipsoids of ten army and naval biplanes and one commercial monoplane. The data were obtained by the use of a pendulum method, previously described. The moments of inertia are expressed in coefficient as well as in dimensional form, so that those for airplanes of widely different weights and dimensions can be compared