PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ROLE PLAY GAME (RPG) PADA MATERI KALOR

Telah dilakukan penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis Role Play Game (RPG)  pada materi kalor. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menguji kelayakan media pembelajaran berbasis Role Play Game (RPG) pada materi kalor. Kelayakan sebuah media ditinjau dari tiga aspek yaitu aspek validitas, kepraktisan dan efektivitas. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan dengan langkah penelitian meliputi analisis potensi dan masalah, pengembangan produk, validasi ahli dan revisi, uji coba dan perolehan draf akhir berupa kelayakan dari media pembelajaran. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan mendapatkan media pembelajaran yang sangat layak untuk digunakan (88,28 %) berdasarkan penilaian validator yang terdiri dari 3 orang dosen, 1 orang guru Fisika dan 1 orang pakar media pada penggunaan materi, penyajian serta tata bahasa yang baik. Kepraktisan berdasarkan uji coba yang telah dilaksanakan mendapatkan beberapa kendala diantaranya media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan tidak dapat digunakan pada laptop dengan sistem operasi Mac pada Apple hal ini dikarenakan media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan adalah media dengan basic Windows. Kendala ini dapat diatasi dengan penggunaan laptop dengan basic Windows secara bergantian. Efektivitas media pembelajaran berdasarkan respon siswa menunjukkan media pembelajaran sangat layak untuk digunakan (81,9 %).  Untuk penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan adanya pengembangan Middleware yang lebih baik sehingga grafik yang  dihasilkan akan lebih baik lagi dan akan meningkatkan minat siswa untuk menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis Role Play Game (RPG) ini.   Kata kunci: Role Play Game (RPG),Middleware,kalor                                                                                                        Abstract Has conducted research based instructional media development Role Play Game (RPG) as learning media on the material of heat. The research objective was to test the feasibility of Role Play Game (RPG) as learning media on the material of heat. The feasibility of a medium in terms of three aspects: validity, practicality and effectiveness. Type of research is the research and development with research steps include analysis of the potential and problems, product development, validation expert and revision, testing and acquisition of final draft form of the feasibility of instructional media. Results of the research that has been carried out to get a very decent learning media to be used (88.28%), based on an assessment validator consisting of three lecturers, 1 teacher of Physics and one media experts on the use of the material, as well as the presentation of good grammar. Practicality is based on trials that have been carried out to get some constraints including developed learning media can not be used on a laptop with the Apple Mac operating system this is because the developed learning media is media with basic Windows. This obstacle can be overcome with the use of a laptop with basic Windows interchangeably. The effectiveness of instructional media based learning media student responses indicate a very feasible to use (81.9%). For further research are expected for development of better Middleware so graph will be better and will increase the interest of students to use Role Play Game (RPG) as learning media.                                           Keywords:Role Play Game (RPG), Middleware, hea

Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000–2018

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)-giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life-is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030.This work was primarily supported by grant no. OPP1132415 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Co-authors used by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (E.G.P. and R.R.3) provided feedback on initial maps and drafts of this manuscript. L.G.A. has received support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES), Código de Financiamento 001 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (grant nos. 404710/2018-2 and 310797/2019-5). O.O.Adetokunboh acknowledges the National Research Foundation, Department of Science and Innovation and South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis. M.Ausloos, A.Pana and C.H. are partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project no. PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. P.C.B. would like to acknowledge the support of F. Alam and A. Hussain. T.W.B. was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. K.Deribe is supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant no. 201900/Z/16/Z) as part of his international intermediate fellowship. C.H. and A.Pana are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project no. PN-III-P2-2.1-SOL-2020-2-0351. B.Hwang is partially supported by China Medical University (CMU109-MF-63), Taichung, Taiwan. M.Khan acknowledges Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University for their support. A.M.K. acknowledges the other collaborators and the corresponding author. Y.K. was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (grant no. XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITM/0004). K.Krishan is supported by a DST PURSE grant and UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M.Kumar would like to acknowledge FIC/NIH K43 TW010716-03. I.L. is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Panamá. M.L. was supported by China Medical University, Taiwan (CMU109-N-22 and CMU109-MF-118). W.M. is currently a programme analyst in Population and Development at the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Country Office in Peru, which does not necessarily endorses this study. D.E.N. acknowledges Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council. G.C.P. is supported by an NHMRC research fellowship. P.Rathi acknowledges support from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. Ramu Rawat acknowledges the support of the GBD Secretariat for supporting the reviewing and collaboration of this paper. B.R. acknowledges support from Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. A.Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through FCT, under the programme of ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment—Individual Support’ within the contract no. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND 2018/CEECIND/02386/2018/CP1538/CT0001/PT. S.Sajadi acknowledges colleagues at Global Burden of Diseases and Local Burden of Disease. A.M.S. acknowledges the support from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F.S. was supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (grant no. KQTD20190929172835662). A.Sheikh is supported by Health Data Research UK. B.K.S. acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for all the academic support. B.U. acknowledges support from Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. C.S.W. is supported by the South African Medical Research Council. Y.Z. was supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (grant no. Q20201104) and Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Technology Innovation Team Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (grant no. T2020003). The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. All maps presented in this study are generated by the authors and no permissions are required to publish them

Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.Peer reviewe

Pharmacotherapy for chronic heart failure

No Abstract. Nigerian Journal of Medicine Vol.16 (2) 2007: pp.102-10

Combination of Metformin and Thiazolidinediones in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- A Review

Combination therapy, in modern medicine, has come a long way in the management of chronic disorders or syndromes. Diabetes mellitus, which is rather considered a syndrome, is characterised by persistent hyperglycaemia due to relative or absolute insulin deficiency and orresistance. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, in which insulin resistance is the prominent feature, has a higher prevalence in the population globally despite the enormous resources spent annually on research in this field. Initial treatment in patients with type 2 is often in a stepped care progression, starting with a regimen of medical therapy nutrition and exercise and progressing to therapy with oral glucose lowering agents. In type 2, patients often exhibit poor response to monotherapy thus paving way for combination therapy often using two or more agents. This forms the basis of this review on the role of combination therapy using metformin and thiazolidinediones in type 2 notwithstanding the fact that there are some pros and cons associated with the use of thiazolidinediones either alone or in combination and this remains a subject of discussion at both national and international levels. review of relevant literature was conducted using manual library search and internet articles. Other relevant websites were also visited to source forinformation. The key words employed were: diabetes mellitus, metformin, thiazolidinediones, and combination therapy. several studies show that the use of metformin and thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetic patients significantly leads to improvement in glucose control, without stimulation of insulin secretion or causing hypoglycaemia. This benefit is not without some unwanted effects which is often associated with thiazolidinediones, a subject that is still debatable in the medical circle. This review was able to underscore the importance of combination therapy using metformin and thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes mellitus as it significantly loweredfasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations; it also reasonably lowers the mean glycosylated haemoglobin and should be borne in mind that HbA1C could be unreliable in populations with high prevalence of HbSS since haemoglobinopathies influence glycosylated haemoglobin results and thus its interpretation. It also touches on the arguments associated with the use of thiazolidinediones which is still a subject of discussion at both national and international levels.Key Words- Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin, Combination Therapy, Thiazolidinedione, Rosiglitazon

Field Work Practice Report "The Process of Processing FFB into CPO" at PT Sumber Sawit Makmur

63 HlmAdapun Resume yang dapat diambil adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Produk yang dihasilkan oleh PT. Sumber Sawit Makmur adalah Crude Palm Oil dan Palm Kernel. 2. Bahan baku (TBS) yang digunakan untuk produksi di PT. Sumber Sawit Makmur berasal dari Perkebunan, dan. 3. Sumber Sawit Makmur kapasitas memiliki proses sebesar 20 Ton TBS/Jam. 4. Energi Listrik yang digunakan dari diesel generator dan steam turbin. Diesel generator digunakan apabila pabrik belum melakukan proses produksi sedangkan steam turbin digunakan jika pabrik sudah mulai proses. 5. Limbah yang dihasilkan terdiri dari limbah cair dan limbah padat. Limbah cair yang dihasilkan tersebut digunakan untuk menyiram janjangan kosong (empty bunch) agar menjadi compost, selain itu dilakukan pengolahan sebelum dibuang ke lapangan atau lahan. Limbah padat yaitu janjangan kosong (empty bunch) akan diolah menjadi compost, sedangkan cangkang (shell) dan fibre digunakan sebagai bahan bakar boiler. 6. PT. Sumber Sawit Makmur melakukan pengolahan air yang berasal dari danau untuk memenuhi kebutuhan domestic dan proses dipabrik