Effect of soil moisture and tractor speed on soil physical properties and Barley yield in Shoushtar region

Abstract: Improving seed bed condition is one of the basic aims for crop production. Scientists are always working on new research data for developing new planting methods to increase the benefits of agricultural productions. To examine new seeding methods included raised bed planting two different grain drills were designedIn most parts of Iran, tillage is operated by moldboard plough without plant residues. Use of Moldboard plough was initiated in 60s concurrent with emergence of tractors and it is now used by the farmers as the most conventional tool. Its ability to turn over the soil has made ploughing by this tool different from other ploughs. Soil moisture levels were field capacity, 50% field capacity and 80% field capacity and the forward speed of the tractor includes two levels were 4 km per hour and 5 km per hour calculated. After the experimental procedures, data analysis was performed calculations and operations of variance analyses. The results showed that effect of soil moisture levels on the studied factors except soil organic carbon was significantly. Tractor forward speed effects on the studied factors except soil organic carbon was significantly. The interaction between soil moisture and the tractor forward speed on all the traits under study were significant, except on organic carbon. The maximum amount of fuel consumption of 25.41 liters per hectare, soil cone index of 377.53 kPa, weighted aggregate diameter of 6.77 cm and a bulk density of 18.19 grams per cubic centimeter in the treatment of T3C3 (85% field capacity and the speed of 4 km per hour) was achieved. The yield of treated T1C1 (field capacity moisture and speed of 6 miles per hour) with a yield equivalent to 358.17 ton/ ha, was recognized as the superior treatment

Wheat harvest losses forecast and data analysis using dummy variables model

Abstract: The increase in production and cut the dependence on imports of wheat caused authorities to pay special attention to production systems and strategies to increase production and reduce their losses. According to figures released in Iran, planted area is 2.61 million hectares and the production rate is 12.57 million tones with an average yield of 2.8 tones in irrigated agriculture. A significant portion of these products by the combine at harvest time spread on the ground and die. Apart from setting different parts of combine, combine type in this have significant role and with respect to time and harvested area, yield, farm, life combine, crop varieties and cultivation (irrigated and rain-fed), these values are different in a variety of combines. In this study we examined two types of combines John Deere 955 class and Sahand 68S w. based on the cited factors data from different parts under wheat harvesting of Khozestan was studied. Finally, using dummy variables model a plan for predicting precipitation and data analysis was presented

Prediction of Suitable time for Touring in Ahwaz, Using Predicted Mean Vote (PMV)

ABSTRACT In this research, long term statistical period diurnal data have been evaluated to determine the comfortable climate o

Effect of salt stress on Seedlings growth and ions homeostasis of soybean (Glysin max) Cultivars

Abstract: This experiment was carried out in Islamic Azad university (Shoushtar Branch) for investigate effect of salt stress on seedling growth of soybean cultivars. The soybean cultivars (Hill, Klark and Williams) obtained from Iran seed and plant institute, Karaj, Iran. The experimental design was 2 factorial, arranged in completely randomized design with 4 replication. First factor was soybean cultivars and second factor was salt stress levels (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16ds/m NaCl solution). These salinity treatments named S0, S1, S2, S3 and S4. Results indicated salt stre ss led to decrease germination, seedling fresh weight, seedling growth and seedling K + percentage in dry matter but increase Mean germination time and seedling Na + percentage. Results showed cultivar Hill K + /Na + ratio was higher compared Williams and Klark. Results indicated under salt stre ss seedling growth of cultivar Hill was better compared other soybean cultivars

Simulation Furrow Irrigation by Winsrfr4.1 in order to Determine the Optimum Length of Furrow

Introduction: Surface irrigation methods are the most common methods for irrigation of agricultural land. These methods are superior to sprinkler, drip and underground irrigation, because they have lower costs of funding and implementation, is inexpensive, needed maintenance of equipment is simple and does not require skilled labor. New requirements for the use of municipal water, energy, industrial, and military intends to further improve the performance of surface irrigation systems. In other words, the low efficiency of surface irrigation is not related to the method of it, but the weakness is because of the design, implementation and management. Due to the special place of Khuzestan province in southwest of Iran in agriculture and applied surface irrigation for most of the farms in this province, in the present study was simulated water flow in furrow irrigation by using WinSRFR4.1 and the optimum length of furrow was determined in the experimental farm of the Water Sciences Engineering Shoshtar University. For this purpose, advance and recession of flow were simulated by Zero inertia and Kinematic wave model and result were compared with observed data. Materials and Methods: In order to calculate and predicte advance and recession curves field measurement is necessary, but it takes a lot of time and cost. Therefore, the use of mathematical models and software for access information is important. In this research the amount of advance in furrow irrigation was measured and the results were compared with simulation of WinSRFR4.1.Field experiments was conducted in the research field of Water Sciences Engineering Shoshtar University. Data were collected from three furrows. The lengths of them were 60, 80 and 100 meters. Irrigation was performed under three discharges (1, 1.25 and 1.5 L/s), with three iterations. Three experiments furrows were provided which central furrow was for measurement data and side furrows were as buffer furrow. Before experiment in order to determine soil texture undisturbed soil samples were prepared from four depths 25-0, 50-25, 75-50 and 100-75 cm. Soil texture was determined in laboratory using the hydrometer method. The water supply was transported by pumping the water to the farm. This research was conducted in the winter of 2012 and spring of 2013. The end of furrow was opened. Input and output flows were controlled with W.S.C flume. Infiltration data were also measured according to two point method. Model using 27 set of field data was run and the results were compared with WinSRFR4.1 software. For evaluating the results of the model were used Esfandiari and Maheshwari’s statistical method. Results and Discussion: For comparison between measurement and simulation data , , and indices were applied. The results of this study indicated that the phase advance of predicted values for all models is greater than the observed values. The average relative error rate of zero inertia models was 9.588 percent which indicated that Zero inertia models is the best model to predict the advance phase. The worst predictions were for Kinematic wave models with an average relative error equal to 33.21%. According to the results, the value of λ and for the Zero inertia model was 1.0912 and 98.76 respectively. The amount of error of field parameters such as; infiltration characteristic and hydraulic resistance are important for selection of model. So, for adjusting the amount of error in all models to predict an acceptable threshold tolerance was defined. Conclusion: According to the results, Zero inertia and Kinematic wave models estimated advance time more than real condition. The results of the Zero inertia model were closer to measurement data than a Kinematic wave model. The maximum relative error was in discharge equal to 1.25 (l/s) in all models. With increasing the length of the furrow and input discharge the relative error of zero inertia models will be decreased. The results represented that in low discharge the infiltration depth was increased. Finally, it can be concluded thatthe zero inertia models are suitable for the study area and in study area, suitable length of the furrow is 100 (m)

Phytoremediation: an alternative tool towards clean and green environment

Wetlands being the most productive and ecologically sensitive and adaptive ecosystems are constantly being challenged with anthropogenic pressures due to their wide variety of services they provide to mankind. The vast expansions of human population and associated activities have put a tremendous amount of pressure on these naturally occurring resources. Uncontrolled discharge of effluents in water from various sources resulted into altered nature of the associated ecosystems giving rise to several health issues and problems. Hence, realising the urgent need of protecting these ecologically fragile ecosystems several adaptive measures have been taken. In this connection, it is found that the available conventional methods are not feasible on various grounds like their cost, their by-products, time frame, etc. Therefore, the use of plants emerged as the alternative and promising tool for safe and sustainable ecosystem supporting life.Sandhya Misra, and Krishna G. Misra

Arsenic Toxicity in Plants and Possible Remediation

WOS: 00035147220001