Synthesis of a novel thiolated photopolymerizable monomer derived from soybean oil and its thiol-ene photopolymerization with unsaturated monomers

In this study is presented a synthetic methodology to prepare a thiolated monomer derived from renewable natural products resources such as the soybean oil. This product was thiolated by a thiol-ene coupling reaction between the double bonds of the vegetable oil and thioacetic acid. The obtained intermediate was subsequently hydrolyzed to obtain a mixture of thiolated fatty methyl esters. The attained mixture was characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies. The reactivity of this compound was tested as comonomer in a thiol-ene photopolymerization using different types of unsaturated compounds. It was found that the thiolated compound reacted readily under UV irradiation forming polythioethers. The nature of the obtained polymers depended on the characteristics of the unsaturated monomers

Functional 3D Printed Polymeric Materials

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging 3D printing technology that enables the design and rapid manufacturing of materials with complex microstructures. Advances in 3D printing have allowed manufacturing companies to expand from design and 3D printing of prototypes to the rapid manufacturing of end products. Additive manufacturing enables the manufacturing of components in a layer-by-layer fashion, opposite to common manufacturing methods that rely on machining, molding and subtractive methods to obtain the final product. AM employs a computer-aided design software that allows for the design of virtual objects and the control of the nozzle and/or stage of the 3D printer. Due to their versatility and wide range of mechanical and chemical properties, polymers are the most utilized materials for AM. Polymers used for AM covers thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, polymers with incorporated fillers, biopolymers, and polymers blended with biological materials. The architectural design and choice of polymers can lead to materials with enhanced functionalities, mechanical properties, porosity, and stability. This chapter focuses on the development of polymer-based 3D printing materials with multifunctionalities used specifically for the production of biomedical devices, electronic devices, and aerospace-relevant products

Integrating anaerobic digestion and slow pyrolysis improves the product portfolio of a cocoa waste biorefinery

The integration of conversion processes with anaerobic digestion is key to increase value from agricultural waste, like cocoa pod husks, generated in developing countries. The production of one metric ton of cocoa beans generates some 15 metric tonnes of organic waste that is today underutilized. This waste can be converted into added value products by anaerobic digestion, converting part of the cocoa pods to biogas while releasing nutrients, and pyrolysis. Here, we compared different scenarios for anaerobic digestion/slow pyrolysis integration in terms of product portfolio (i.e., biogas, pyrolysis liquids, biochar and pyrolysis gases), energy balance and potential for chemicals production. Slow pyrolysis was performed at 350 degrees C and 500 degrees C on raw cocoa pod husks, as well as on digestates obtained from mono-digestion of cocoa pod husks and co-digestion with cow manure. Anaerobic digestion resulted in 20 to 25 wt% of biogas for mono and co-digestion, respectively. Direct pyrolysis of cocoa pod husks mainly resulted in biochar with a maximum yield of 48 wt%. Anaerobic digestion induced compositional changes in the resulting biochar, pyrolysis liquids and evolved gases after pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of mono-digestatee.g., resulted in a more energy-dense organic phase, rich in valuable phenolics while poorer in light oxygenates that hold a modest value. Our comparison shows that co-digestion/slow pyrolysis at 500 degrees C and mono-digestion/slow pyrolysis at 350 degrees C both present high-potential biorefinery schemes. They can be self-sustaining in terms of energy, while resulting in high quality biochar for nutrient recycling and/or energy recovery, and/or phenolics-rich pyrolysis liquids for further upgrading into biorefinery intermediates

Influencia del tamaño de la semilla asexual y de la profundidad de siembra en el comportamiento de apio.

Quantitative information on the performance of arracacha is limited as to the influence of sett size and depth. Setts for propagation of this crop vary in size and fresh weight. Depth of planting appears to influence yield. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of combinations of sett fresh weight and depth of planting on arracacha's emergence, stand, and dry matter and corm fresh weight at harvest, and to assess the quantity and fresh weight of setts produced by a plant after completing the growing cycle. Plants grown from setts weighing 36 g and 60 g did not differ in dry weight, leaf area, fresh weight of the corm at harvest nor in percentages of emergence and stand. Plants from the setts weighing 16 g had less leaf area, less corm dry weight and fewer percentages of emergence and stand than plants from the setts of 60 g. Planting deeper significantly increased corm fresh and dry weights, but decreased the percentages of emergence and stand. Differences in the size of the setts produced by the plant are in part a consequence of the sequential development of the buds within the corm. In plants sampled at 228 and 256 days after planting the number of setts ranged from 10 to 23, averaging 16 ± 4 SD per plant. At harvest, the fresh weight of individual setts ranged from 9 to 73 g, averaging 38 g ± 20 SD. Avoiding the use of small setts may improve chances for better stand and productivity.La información sobre ía influencia del tamaño de la semilla asexual y su peso fresco sobre el comportamiento de apio es limitada. El tamaño de fa semilla de apio es generalmente variable. Las observaciones de campo sugieren que aumentar la profundidad de siembra puede mejorar los rendimientos. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la influencia de combinaciones de peso fresco de la semilla y profundidad de siembra sobre la emergencia, la cantidad de plantas que completan ei ciclo de cultivo, y el peso seco y fresco del cormo; y realizar un avalúo de la cantidad y el peso fresco de la semilla que produce una planta al finalizar el ciclo de cultivo. Plantas provenientes de semillas con peso fresco de 36 g y de 60 g fueron similares en peso seco, área foliar, peso fresco del cormo en (a cosecha, y en los porcentajes de emergencia y de plantas que completaron el ciclo de cultivo. Plantas provenientes de semillas con peso fresco de 16 g mostraron menor área foliar, peso seco del cormo y menores porcentajes de emergencia y de plantas que completaron el ciclo de cultivo que plantas de semillas de 60 g. A mayor profundidad de siembra aumentaron los pesos seco y fresco del cormo; sin embargo, se redujo la emergencia y la cantidad de plantas que completaron el ciclo de cultivo. Las diferencias en el tamaño de la semilla de apio son consecuencia, en parte, del desarrollo secuencíal de las yemas apicales en el cormo. A los 228 y 256 días después de la siembra la cantidad de semilfa por planta varió entre 10 y 23, con promedio de 16 ± 4 SD. En la cosecha el peso fresco de la semilla varió entre 9 y 73 g, con promedio de 38 g ± 20 SD. Evitar el uso de semilla pequeña puede mejorar la cantidad de plantas que completan el ciclo de cultivo y la productividad de las mismas

Impact of digital transformation on the individual job performance of insurance companies in Peru

The objective of this study was to analyze and determine the impact of digital transformation on the individual job performance of insurance companies in Peru. The deductive inferential scien- tific method of explanatory level was used, with a non-experimental design, to four insurance companies that operate in the regions of Arequipa, Cusco, Iquitos, Lima, Tacna and Trujillo. The results generated by structural equations show that customer service experience (CSE), based on digital transformation, had a positive impact on task performance (p <0.05) and contextual per- formance (p <0.05); in contrast, the customer service experience (CSE), based on digital transfor- mation, was found to have no impact on counterproductive behavior (p> 0.05). In relation to the collaborator's capabilities (CC) based on digital transformation, the results reveal that it had a significant influence on task performance (p <0.05) and contextual performance (p <0.05), while it did not have any impact on counterproductive behavior (p> 0.05). Likewise, processes based on digital transformation (P) significantly influence task performance (p <0.05) and contextual per- formance (p <0.05), unlike counterproductive behavior that did not present a causal link with the processes (p> 0.05). Finally, the business model based on digital transformation (BM) had no implications for task performance (p> 0.05), contextual performance (p> 0.05) and counterpro- ductive behaviors (p> 0.05). The conclusion of the study indicates that the customer service ex- perience, the collaborator's capabilities and processes based on digital transformation contribute to the performance and contextual performance of the workers of the insurance companies in Peru

Cultivo larval de Argopecten nucleus Born, 1780 (bivalvia: pectinidae) en una zona tradicionalmente dedicada a la producción y el levante de postlarvas de camarón

Con el propósito de mejorar la tecnología de producción de postlarvas del pectínido Argopecten nucleus en condiciones controladas y contribuir a la diversificación del sector acuícola y el perfilamiento del cultivo de esta especie hacia una actividad productiva autosostenible, se llevaron a cabo cuatro experimentos en los que se evaluaron: 1) la mezcla de tres proporciones de espermatozoide:ovocito (C) 10:1, 50:1, 100:1 y tres tiempos de fertilización (T) 15, 30 y 45 minutos, 2) Cuatro diferentes fuentes de agua de mar (Artificial, oceánica, sin tratar y clorinada), 3) Tres densidades iniciales de cultivo 5, 10 y 15 larvas m1:1 combinadas con tres concentraciones de alimento: 20.000, 40.000 y 70.000 cél mL-I y 4) Seis dietas microalgales a) Isockysis galbana (ISO), b) Chaetoceros calcitrans (CHA), c) 1. galbana y C. calcitrans (ISO+CHA), d) 1. galbana y Tetraselmis suecica (ISO+TE IRA), e) C. calcitrans y T. suecica (CHA+TETRA) y 1 galbana, C. calcitrans y T suecica (ISO+CHA+TETRA), midiendo la respuesta en porcentajes de: ovocitos fertilizados, larvas D obtenidas y larvas deformes, supervivencia, crecimiento y estado de condición de las larvas. Encontrándose que no existe interacción entre la concentración de espermatozoides y el tiempo de fertilización. El tiempo es el factor más importante en el proceso de fertilización. El mayor porcentaje de fertilización y supervivencia se presentó en el tiempo de 45 minutos (T45), el mayor valor de larvas D en T15 y T30 y la menor deformidad en T30. La concentración de espermatozoides influyó solo en el porcentaje de larvas deformes, siendo mayor con 10:1 y 100:1. La supervivencia larval se vio afectada negativamente por la utilización del agua de mar artificial. No se presentó diferencias en el desarrollo de las larvas cultivadas en las fuentes de agua de mar oceánica, clorinada y sin tratar, estas dos últimas presentaron los mayores valores de supervivencia y crecimiento. La supervivencia larval, no varió significativamente bajo ninguna de las densidades y/o concentraciones de alimento probadas. La densidad inicial de cultivo es el factor de mayor influencia sobre el crecimiento y el estado de condición larval y de estas las de 10 y 15 larvas mL-I registraron los mayores valores. Las dietas microalgales ISO+CHA (48,6%), ISO+TETRA (30,8%) e ISO+CHA+TETRA (30,6%), presentaron la mayor supervivencia y ISO+CHA e ISO+CHA+TE IRA el mayor crecimiento, al igual que los mayores porcentajes de larvas llenas y de mancha ocular. Se comparó la técnica desarrollada a partir de los mejores resultados obtenidos en cada experimento (Técnica modificada) con la técnica descrita para esta misma especie por Velasco y Barros (2008) (llamada Técnica tradicional en este trabajo), en ambas se alcanzó el estado de larva con mancha ocular, sin presentar diferencias significativas en el crecimiento. La técnica "tradicional" presentó un mayor porcentaje de supervivencia al final del experimento con un 43.6%, sin embargo la "modificada" produce un mayor número de larvas óptimas para fijarse por unidad de producción, equivalentes a 338 larvas/U1, contra 98 larvas/L-1 de la técnica tradicional, generando una reducción en los costos de producción hasta en un 40%. En conclusión, para optimizar la etapa de larvicultura en aras de obtener mayores cantidades de semilla a un menor costo se recomienda la implementación de la técnica de cultivo modificad

Las clases integradas mediadas por las TIC como estrategia didáctica para fortalecer el aprendizaje autónomo en los estudiantes del IDDI “Nueva Granada”

Especialización en Estudios PedagógicosTalk about training for autonomous learning mediated by ICT, besides being an important characterization of the issue of globalization in today's world, constitutes a valid means to cultivate and enhance students' abilities to direct their own learning and become more aware on how to learn the factors that may influence this process; also fosters among its target to generate self-discipline and self-regulation in the course of the study as essential, dynamic and continuous improvement to the learner behavior . This research intends to build a pedagogical approach through the use of ICT as a teaching tool and development strategy addressed to integrate classes to cultivate and enhance the ability to learn independently in the ninth grade students IDDI New Granada. Integrated classes that characterize the pedagogical approaches, are specified in the use of the blog, a tool that allows the learner to interact with their peers and with teachers to extend the same concepts and information around a specific topic, and likewise, it raises activities and situations for solving problems. The implementation of these classes as a pedagogical approach is viable in the context of formation of New Granada IDDI since harmonizes with the Institutional Educational Model: human development, enable students to develop their capacity to control their cognitive processes and assume values, attitudes and skills aimed at achieving success in their learning.Hablar de la formación para el aprendizaje autónomo mediada por las TIC, además de ser una caracterización importante en el tema de la globalización en el mundo actual, se constituye en un medio válido para cultivar y potenciar habilidades en los estudiantes para dirigir su propio aprendizaje y adquirir mayor conciencia sobre la forma de aprender y los factores que pueden incidir en este proceso; también se propicia entre sus destinatarios la generación de la autodisciplina y la autorregulación en el ejercicio del estudio, como dinámicas esenciales para la mejora continua de su conducta como aprendiente. La presente investigación, pretende consolidar una propuesta pedagógica a través del empleo de las TIC como estrategia y herramienta didáctica para el desarrollo de clases integradas que permitan cultivar y potenciar la capacidad de aprender de manera autónoma en los estudiantes de noveno grado del IDDI Nueva Granada. Las clases integradas que caracterizan esta Propuesta Pedagógica, se concretan en la utilización del blog, herramienta que le permite al discente interactuar con sus pares y con el docente mismo para ampliar conceptos e informaciones en torno a un tema específico; de igual forma, se plantean actividades y situaciones problémicas para su resolución. La implementación de dichas clases como propuesta pedagógica, es viable en el contexto formativo del IDDI Nueva Granada por cuanto armoniza con el Modelo Pedagógico Institucional: DESARROLLISTA HUMANISTA, permiten que los estudiantes puedan desarrollar su capacidad de control sobre sus procesos cognitivos y asumir valores, actitudes y aptitudes orientadas a conseguir el éxito en su aprendizaje

Phase selectively soluble polymer supports to facilitate homogeneous catalysis

Soluble polymers that have phase selective solubility are useful in synthesis because they simplify purification and separation. Such selectively soluble polymers simplify catalyst, reagent, and product recovery and enable the use of Green chemistry principles in homogeneous catalysis. However, while homopolymers have been reported that have excellent thermal and phase-dependent solubility, less is known about copolymers. Also, less is known about the phase selective solubility of polar aprotic N,N-dialkyl polyacrylamides. This work describes a library synthesis of dye-labeled poly(N-n-octadecylacrylamide-co-N-n-butylacrylamide) copolymers and study of the effects of polymer composition in phase selective solubility of these copolymers. To study the relative importance of n-octadecyl versus n-butyl groups, copolymers with different ratios of n-octadecylacrylamide and n-butylacrylamide but with similar degrees of polymerization and polydispersity were prepared by a split-pool synthesis using a highly soluble poly(N-acryloxy-2-dodecylsuccinimide) as the precursor. Polymer sequestrants were used to remove excess amines and the byproduct N-hydroxyl-2- dodecylsuccinimide without fractionation of the polyacrylamides. Results demonstrated that poly(N-n-octadecylacrylamide-co-N-n-butylacrylamide) copolymers’ phase selective solubility is equally dependant of the polar n-butyl and nonpolar n-octadecyl groups on the copolymers. Dye-labeled poly(N,N-dialkylacrylamide)s prepared by the polymerization of N,N-dialkylacrylamides monomers with methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, and dodecyl N-alkyl groups in a variety of thermomorphic or latent biphasic polar/nonpolar solvent mixtures were also prepared. Studies showed that poly(N,N-dialkylacrylamide)s have phase selective solubility that is highly dependent of the size of the N-alkyl group. Soluble polymers are known to be useful supports for catalysts. This thesis also describes approaches to immobilization of a variety of catalysts on polyisobutylene (PIB). The most effective of these catalysts were analogs of pyridyl N-oxides that have been used as organocatalysts for the catalytic allylation of a variety of aromatic aldehydes. PIB-supported N-oxide promoted the allylation of aldehydes in up to 99% isolated yield. The products were isolated in the polar phase of a thermomorphic system and the catalyst was recycled through five cycles

Microenseñanza como estrategia de aprendizaje a través de la exploración del medio en los niños del grado jardín del cdi amanecer infantil de pelaya cesar.

https://drive.google.com/drive/u/9/folders/1j6MmW8eH7QiZh1_wp01QtGLQaVO5E4IhEl área de la educación, un campo de la ciencia que se encuentra en constante cambio, diariamente se generan nuevas tecnologías, técnicas y modelos pedagógicos, también se deben tener en cuenta los cambios en la forma de actuar y pensar de los estudiantes, es ahí donde la sistematización, más que un método de almacenar y procesar esos resultados de manera coherente y real, es un proceso integral que permite llegar a una conclusión de la investigación de manera correcta y objetiva. El docente debe comprender que la sistematización dentro de la investigación permite la autoevaluación, la autoobservación y la autocrítica del proceso investigativo, el docente investigador analiza sus resultados y puede ver el rumbo que toma su trabajo académico, se pueden hacer ajustes, tocar ups que conlleva Para obtener resultados adecuados, algo importante a tener en cuenta según el tipo de investigación, es necesario ser muy objetivo para evitar tener posiciones convenientes. Finalmente, hoy en día, gracias a uno de los beneficios de la sistematización, se pueden utilizar bases de datos y autores que hayan realizado trabajos académicos relacionados con el tema a investigar. Las fuentes bibliográficas son importantes porque podemos tomar en cuenta los modelos utilizados para implementarlas en la investigación, así como de acuerdo a la experiencia que se tenga, crear los métodos y técnicas necesarias para aplicar en la investigación misma. También es necesario recurrir a software que son herramientas tecnológicas que ayudan en estos procesos de manera muy eficiente.The area of education, a field of science that is constantly changing, new technologies, techniques and pedagogical models are generated daily, changes in the way students act and think must also be taken into account, it is there where systematization, more than a method of storing and processing those results in a coherent and real way, is an integral process that allows reaching a conclusion of the investigation in a correct and objective way. The teacher must understand that the systematization within the investigation allows self-evaluation, self-observation and self-criticism of the research process, the research teacher analyzes his results and can see the direction his academic work takes, adjustments can be made, touch-ups that entail To obtain adequate results, something important to take into account according to the type of investigation, it is necessary to be very objective to avoid having convenient positions. Finally, today, thanks to one of the benefits of systematization, there are databases and authors who have done academic work related to the subject to be investigated can be used. Bibliographic sources are important because we can take into account the models used to implement them in the investigation, as well as according to the experience that one has, create the methods and techniques necessary to apply in the investigation itself. It is also necessary to resort to software that are technological tools that help in these processes in a very efficient way

Social Dilemmas and Indirect Reciprocity: A systematic review

Indirect reciprocity is an evolutionary theory of altruism and cooperation in social dilemmas. Its explanation of cooperation incorporates information on the reputation people hold of other people regarding whether they are cooperative or not. This study systematically reviewed the current empirical literature on indirect reciprocity in social dilemma situations. The following databases were consulted: ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and OVID, using has key words "indirect reciprocity" AND "dilemma" OR "cooperation" OR "charity". Twenty-three articles were selected which met the inclusion criteria (papers written in English and studies whose methodology was based on experimental games) and the theories, objectives, the main types of samples used, and main results were analyzed. The results show that the games used were the indirect reciprocity and public goods games, which may vary according to the objectives. It was found that reputation is a key variable that helps to promote cooperation. In turn, information on previous cooperation helps to build reputation, which is subsequently involved in the decision to cooperate with others. Finally, we highlight the need for more experimental studies that incorporate other explanatory variables and evaluate them in new contexts