Some innovative methods of the civil service personnel management in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Personnel management is the main factor of modern society economic success. This significantlychanges the very concept of “human resources management” - it goes from a simple prompt solution tothe determination of problems arising the definition of people future needs, as well as the developmentof both their labor and creative potential. In this regard, it should be emphasized that in business, especiallyin large-scale one Personnel management is focused on solving strategic tasks of the organizationinnovative development, in other words, its goals and principles must comply with the organizationbasic strategic concept, and the function of personnel management must be taken into account whendeveloping the organization strategy. The aim of the study is to determine the new technologies effectivenessin public administration. This is called service-oriented thinking. In short, service systems arethe location of systems that create value and include people sharing information, technology and organizations,as well as language, measures, models, laws, etc. The main carrier of new competitive ideas,solutions, non-standard tasks or new ways of solving standard problems is the personnel. Creation of anefficient and effective system of public administration is a necessary condition for ensuring the dynamicsocial and economic development of our country. Therefore, the number one task remains to improvethe effectiveness of public administration, strict observance of the rule of law by state officials, and theprovision of high-quality public services to the public. Thus, the urgency of researching innovative methodsof the personnel management system in a state institution is due to the need for timely formationand development of innovative mechanisms for making managerial decisions that are adequate to therequirements of the modern economy, scientific and technical and information progress. Analyzing theforeign experience of the above countries, it should be noted a number of features that are of practical interestand can be taken into account in the process of improving the public service system of Kazakhstan:- in the countries examined, the professionalization of the state apparatus is carried out on an ongoingbasis;- flexible methods of human resources management (personnel management);- there are mechanisms for transferring the best employees with experience between the public andprivate sectors.Analyzing the experience of foreign countries, it is necessary to determine the level of public confidencein the system of competitive selection and the level of confidence of civil servants and citizens inthe mechanism for implementing the principles of meritocracy, that is, raising the career ladder with merit.During the development of innovative methods, knowledge of the program being implemented in thepublic service is acquired; knowledge of the best personnel technologies used in the modern public serviceof foreign countries; knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of the use of traditional and innovativehuman resources management tools in the civil service management practice; the ability to make a reasonablechoice of a specific staff tool, taking into account the purposes of its application, as well as the specificsof the given situation; skills of developing procedures and documents by the personnel department.This is called service-oriented thinking. In short, service systems are the location of systems that createvalue and include people, share information, technologies and organizations, as well as language,measures, models, laws, and so on.Key words: personnel, management, efficiency, governance, innovation, competence

A Comprehensive Analysis of Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Data. I. Spectral Components and Their Possible Physical Origins of LAT/GBM GRBs

We present a systematic analysis of the spectral and temporal properties of 17 GRBs co-detected by GBM and LAT on board the Fermi satellite by May 2010. We performed a time-resolved spectral analysis of all the bursts with the finest temporal resolution allowed by statistics, in order to avoid temporal smearing of different spectral components. We found that the time-resolved spectra of 14 out of 17 GRBs are best modeled with the Band function over the entire Fermi spectral range, which may suggest a common origin for emissions detected by LAT and GBM. GRB 090902B and GRB 090510 require the superposition between an MeV component and an extra power law component, with the former having a sharp cutoff above E_p. For GRB 090902B, this MeV component becomes progressively narrower as the time bin gets smaller, and can be fit with a Planck function as the time bin becomes small enough. In general, we speculate that phenomenologically there may be three elemental spectral components : (I) a Band-function component (e.g. in GRB 080916C) that extends in a wide energy range and does not narrow with reducing time bins, which may be of the non-thermal origin; (II) a quasi-thermal component (e.g. in GRB 090902B) with the spectra progressively narrowing with reducing time bins; and (III) another non-thermal power law component extending to high energies. The spectra of different bursts may be decomposed into one or more of these elemental components. We compare this sample with the BATSE sample and investigate some correlations among spectral parameters. We discuss the physical implications of the data analysis results for GRB prompt emission, including jet compositions (matter-dominated vs. Poynting-flux-dominated outflow), emission sites (internal shock, external shock or photosphere), as well as radiation mechanisms (synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, or thermal Compton upscattering).Comment: 61 pages, 25 figures, 3 tables. 2011 ApJ in pres

Constraining GRB Initial Lorentz Factor with the Afterglow Onset Feature and Discovery of a Tight Gamma_0-E_iso Correlation

The onset of GRB afterglow is characterized by a smooth bump in the early afterglow lightcurve. We make an extensive search for such a feature. Twenty optically selected GRBs and 12 X-ray selected GRBs are found, among which 17 optically selected GRBs and 2 X-ray-selected GRBs have redshift measurements. We fit the lightcurves with a smooth broken power-law and measure the temporal characteristic timescales of the bumps at FWHM. Strong mutual correlations among these timescales are found, and a dimmer and broader bump tends to peak at a later peak time. The ratio of rising to decaying timescales is almost universal among bursts, but the ratio of the rising time to the peak time varies from 0.3~1. The E_iso is tightly correlated with the peak luminosity and the peak time of the bump in the burst frame. Assuming that the bumps signal the deceleration of the GRB fireballs in a constant density medium, we calculate the initial Lorentz factor (Gamma_0) and the deceleration radius (R_dec) of the GRBs in the optical-selected sample. It is found that Gamma_0 are typically a few hundreds, and the typical deceleration radius is R_dec~10^{17} cm. More intriguingly, a tight correlation between the Gamma_0 and E_iso is found, namely Gamma_0 ~ 195 E_iso, 52}^{0.27} (satisfied for both the optical and X-ray z-known samples). It is helpful to understand GRB physics, and may serve as an indicator of Gamma_0. We find that the early bright X-rays are usually dominated by a different component from the external shock emission, but occasionally (for one case) an achromatic deceleration feature is observed. Components in X-rays would contribute to the diversity of the observed X-ray lightcurves (abridge).Comment: 15 pages, including 4 tables and 7 figures, Submitted to Ap

A change in the optical polarization associated with a gamma-ray flare in the blazar 3C 279

It is widely accepted that strong and variable radiation detected over all accessible energy bands in a number of active galaxies arises from a relativistic, Doppler-boosted jet pointing close to our line of sight. The size of the emitting zone and the location of this region relative to the central supermassive black hole are, however, poorly known, with estimates ranging from light-hours to a light-year or more. Here we report the coincidence of a gamma-ray flare with a dramatic change of optical polarization angle. This provides evidence for co-spatiality of optical and gamma-ray emission regions and indicates a highly ordered jet magnetic field. The results also require a non-axisymmetric structure of the emission zone, implying a curved trajectory for the emitting material within the jet, with the dissipation region located at a considerable distance from the black hole, at about 10^5 gravitational radii.Comment: Published in Nature issued on 18 February 2010. Corresponding authors: Masaaki Hayashida and Greg Madejsk

Microalgal biorefineries

ABSTRACT: Microalgae-based bioproducts remain expensive mainly due to microalgae cultivation, harvesting, and downstream processing costs. Nonetheless, microalgae are a high potential source of several biofuels, biofertilizers, and bioproducts (e.g., carbohydrates, long-chain fatty acids, pigments, and proteins), which can provide important nutritional, cosmetical, pharmaceutical, and health benefits. In addition, they are able to perform wastewater bioremediation and carbon dioxide mitigation. This not only contributes to a more sustainable microalgae production, with environmental benefits, but also offers cost savings on the whole process. Hence, from these small cellular factories, a large source of compounds and products can be obtained, providing a real microalgal-based biorefinery. This type of approach is crucial for the full application and commercialization of microalgae in a large range of products and industries, with added benefits for bioeconomy and society in general. This chapter addresses the potential transformation of microalgal biomass into a wide range of marketable products, presenting examples of experimental microalgae-based biorefineries grown in an autotrophic mode at a laboratory scale.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comments: Judicial Protection of Private Property Rights in Ethiopia: Selected Themes

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