QDS: ohjelmisto pistelähteiden erotteluun Planck-satelliitin datasta

Planck on Euroopan avaruusjärjestö ESAn vuonna 2008 laukaistava kosmista taustasäteilyä tutkiva satelliitti. Taustasäteilyn ohella Planck- projektissa tutkitaan myös muita radiotaivaan kohteita, kuten aktiivisia galakseja ja Linnunrataa. Aktiivisten galaksien säteily voi vaihdella merkittävästi jopa muutaman vuorokauden sisällä. Koska Planckin tulokset saadaan vasta lennon jälkeen, tarvitaan aktiivisten galaksien tutkimuksessa ohjelmisto, joka erottelee ja analysoi pistemäiset säteilylähteet Planckin datasta lähes reaaliaikaisesti, jolloin tulokset saadaan muutaman vuorokauden kuluttua itse havainnosta. Ohjelmiston havaintojen perusteella hälytetään muita havaintolaitoksia tarkempia jatkohavaintoja varten. Tämän diplomityön aiheena on kyseisen ohjelmiston lopullinen toteutus. Ohjelmisto käsittelee Planckin matalataajuusinstrumentin dataa havaintotaajuuksilla 30, 44 ja 70 GHz. Data käsitellään tunnin mittaisissa jaksoissa, joista kukin muodostaa taivaalla renkaan. Signaalin kohina vaimennetaan ja siitä erotellaan pistelähteet suodattamalla se meksikolaishattuaallokkeen määrittämällä suotimella. Löydettyjä pistelähteitä verrataan tietokannassa oleviin aikaisempiin havaintoihin ja kiinnostavista tehdään hälytys. Lopullisen päätöksen jatkohavainnoista tekee ohjelmiston operaattori. Ohjelmisto tulee toimimaan Planckin matalataajuusinstrumentin datankäsittelykeskuksessa Triestessä Italiassa koko Planck-satelliitin toiminta-ajan

GPS Time Disruptions on 26-Jan-2016

On Tuesday, January 26th 2016 Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory discovered that three out of its four GPS receivers on-site (used for monitoring the performance of four on-site hydrogen (H) maser atomic clocks) performed abrupt 13.0 microsecond time jumps in their "1pps" (one pulse per second) time synchronization outputs. The disruptions lasted for approximately 12 hours during which different GPS receiver units outputted erroneous time signal at different times, preventing their use for microsecond-level time synchronization. The event was later acknowledged by the 2nd Space Operations Squadron at the 50th Space Wing, Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado, USA, as an erroneous time correction parameter upload to GPS satellites

Powellsnakes II: a fast Bayesian approach to discrete object detection in multi-frequency astronomical data sets

Powellsnakes is a Bayesian algorithm for detecting compact objects embedded in a diffuse background, and was selected and successfully employed by the Planck consortium in the production of its first public deliverable: the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC). We present the critical foundations and main directions of further development of PwS, which extend it in terms of formal correctness and the optimal use of all the available information in a consistent unified framework, where no distinction is made between point sources (unresolved objects), SZ clusters, single or multi-channel detection. An emphasis is placed on the necessity of a multi-frequency, multi-model detection algorithm in order to achieve optimality

Planck early results. XV. Spectral energy distributions and radio continuum spectra of northern extragalactic radio sources

Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and radio continuum spectra are presented for a northern sample of 104 extragalactic radio sources, based on the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) and simultaneous multifrequency data. The nine Planck frequencies, from 30 to 857 GHz, are complemented by a set of simultaneous observations ranging from radio to gamma-rays. This is the first extensive frequency coverage in the radio and millimetre domains for an essentially complete sample of extragalactic radio sources, and it shows how the individual shocks, each in their own phase of development, shape the radio spectra as they move in the relativistic jet. The SEDs presented in this paper were fitted with second and third degree polynomials to estimate the frequencies of the synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) peaks, and the spectral indices of low and high frequency radio data, including the Planck ERCSC data, were calculated. SED modelling methods are discussed, with an emphasis on proper, physical modelling of the synchrotron bump using multiple components. Planck ERCSC data also suggest that the original accelerated electron energy spectrum could be much harder than commonly thought, with power-law indexaround 1.5 instead of the canonical 2.5. The implications of this are discussed for the acceleration mechanisms effective in blazar shocks. Furthermore in many cases the Planck data indicate that gamma-ray emission must originate in the same shocks that produce the radio emission.The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and DEISA (EU). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members, indicating which technical or scientific activities they have been involved in, can be found via http://www.rssd.esa.int/Planck. The Metsähovi and Tuorla observing projects are supported by the Academy of Finland (grant numbers 212656, 210338, 121148, 127740 and 122352). UMRAO is supported by a series of grants from the NSF and NASA, and by the University of Michigan. This publication is partly based on data acquired with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX). APEX is a collaboration between the Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, the European Southern Observatory, and the Onsala Space Observatory. This research is partly based on observations with the 100-m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg, the IRAM 30-m telescope, and the Medicina (Noto) telescope operated by INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia. This paper makes use of observations obtained at the Very Large Array (VLA) which is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). The NRAO is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The observations at Xinglong station are supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation grants 10633020, 10778714, and 11073032, and by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) No. 2007CB815403. The OVRO 40-m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA. The Australia Telescope is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. Part of this work is based on archival data, software or on-line services provided by the ASI Science Data Center ASDC. We thank the Fermi LAT team reviewers, S. Ciprini and M. Giroletti, for their effort and valuable comments

Planck early results XV : Spectral energy distributions and radio continuum spectra of northern extragalactic radio sources

Peer reviewe

Planck early results VII : The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue

Peer reviewe

Gamma-Ray and Parsec-Scale Jet Properties of a Complete Sample of Blazars From the MOJAVE Program

We investigate the Fermi LAT gamma-ray and 15 GHz VLBA radio properties of a joint gamma-ray- and radio-selected sample of AGNs obtained during the first 11 months of the Fermi mission (2008 Aug 4 - 2009 Jul 5). Our sample contains the brightest 173 AGNs in these bands above declination -30 deg. during this period, and thus probes the full range of gamma-ray loudness (gamma-ray to radio band luminosity ratio) in the bright blazar population. The latter quantity spans at least four orders of magnitude, reflecting a wide range of spectral energy distribution (SED) parameters in the bright blazar population. The BL Lac objects, however, display a linear correlation of increasing gamma-ray loudness with synchrotron SED peak frequency, suggesting a universal SED shape for objects of this class. The synchrotron self-Compton model is favored for the gamma-ray emission in these BL Lacs over external seed photon models, since the latter predict a dependence of Compton dominance on Doppler factor that would destroy any observed synchrotron SED peak - gamma-ray loudness correlation. The high-synchrotron peaked (HSP) BL Lac objects are distinguished by lower than average radio core brightness temperatures, and none display large radio modulation indices or high linear core polarization levels. No equivalent trends are seen for the flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ) in our sample. Given the association of such properties with relativistic beaming, we suggest that the HSP BL Lacs have generally lower Doppler factors than the lower-synchrotron peaked BL Lacs or FSRQs in our sample.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Planck early results. XV. Spectral energy distributions and radio continuum spectra of northern extragalactic radio sources

Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and radio continuum spectra are presented for a northern sample of 104 extragalactic radio sources, based on the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) and simultaneous multifrequency data. The nine Planck frequencies, from 30 to 857 GHz, are complemented by a set of simultaneous observations ranging from radio to gamma-rays. This is the first extensive frequency coverage in the radio and millimetre domains for an essentially complete sample of extragalactic radio sources, and it shows how the individual shocks, each in their own phase of development, shape the radio spectra as they move in the relativistic jet. The SEDs presented in this paper were fitted with second and third degree polynomials to estimate the frequencies of the synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) peaks, and the spectral indices of low and high frequency radio data, including the Planck ERCSC data, were calculated. SED modelling methods are discussed, with an emphasis on proper, physical modelling of the synchrotron bump using multiple components. Planck ERCSC data also suggest that the original accelerated electron energy spectrum could be much harder than commonly thought, with power-law index around 1.5 instead of the canonical 2.5. The implications of this are discussed for the acceleration mechanisms effective in blazar shocks. Furthermore in many cases the Planck data indicate that gamma-ray emission must originate in the same shocks that produce the radio emission

"Ei syytelty, vaan tuettiin" : vanhempien kokemuksia lasten toimintaterapia-arvioinnista

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli selvittää vanhempien kokemuksia lasten toimintaterapiaarvioinnin hyödyistä Vantaan perusterveydenhuollossa. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli tarkastella myös asiakaslähtöisyyden näyttäytymistä lasten toimintaterapia-arvioinnissa. Yhteistyökumppanimme oli Vantaan perusterveydenhuollossa lasten kanssa työskentelevät toimintaterapeutit. Opinnäytetyön teoreettisena pohjana olivat asiakaslähtöisyyteen liittyvät toimintaterapian teoriat Colen ja Tufanon kuusi asiakaslähtöisyyden periaatetta ja Kanadan asiakaslähtöisyyden malli CMCE. Lisäksi opinnäytetyön taustalla vaikuttivat teoriat perhekeskeisyydestä ja toimintaterapian arviointiprosessista. Opinnäytetyömme oli laadullinen tutkimus, jossa aineistonkeruumenetelmänä käytettiin kyselylomaketta. Opinnäytetyön teoriapohjan avulla loimme kyselylomakkeen, jonka toimintaterapeutit jakoivat 48 vanhemmalle. Takaisin saimme 18 vastausta. Analysoimme asiakaslähtöisyyteen liittyvät kyselyvastaukset teoriaohjaavan sisällönanalyysin avulla sekä arvioinnin sisältöön liittyvät kyselyvastaukset aineistolähtöisen sisällönanalyysin avulla. Tulosten pohjalta ilmeni, että vanhemmat kokevat Vantaan perusterveydenhuollon lasten toimintaterapia-arvioinnin asiakaslähtöiseksi ja hyödylliseksi perheille. Erityisesti palautekeskustelu ja siellä saadut neuvot koettiin hyödyllisinä. Kehittämisalueiksi nousivat tarve saada lisätietoa toimintaterapiasta, toimintaterapia-arvioinnista sekä jatkomahdollisuuksista.The main goal of this project was to find out parents' experiences of the benefits of children's occupational therapy assessment in Vantaa city primary health care. The main goal of this study was to examine how the client-centred practice appears in children's occupational assessment process. The study was conducted in co-operation with occupational therapists working with children in Vantaa city primary health care. The theoretical base of this study was collected from many different sources addressing client-centred practice. We used the theories of Cole and Tufano's six principles of client-centred practice and the Canadian model of client-centred enablement, as well as theories about family centred practise and occupational therapy assessment of children. Our study is a qualitative research in which we used a questionnaire as a data collection method. We created the questionnaire that the occupational therapists delivered to 48 parents, and received 18 responses. We used theory driven data content analysis and datadriven content analysis as methods in analyzing the results of the questionnaire. Based on the results of the study, we concluded that the parents experienced that the occupational therapy assessment for children in Vantaa city primary health care was client-centred and beneficial for the families. Especially the guidance and consultation were beneficial to the parents but they wanted more information about occupational therapy, occupational therapy assessment and different options after the assessment