Comorbidities Associated With Epilepsy And Headaches [comorbidades Associadas às Epilepsias E Cefaleias]

Comorbidities are often associated with chronic neurological diseases, such as headache and epilepsy. Objectives: To identify comorbidities associated with epilepsy and headaches, and to determine possible drug interactions. Methods: A standardized questionnaire with information about type of epilepsy/headache, medical history, and medication was administered to 80 adult subjects (40 with epilepsy and 40 with chronic headache). Results: Patients with epilepsy had an average of two comorbidities and those with headache of three. For both groups, hypertension was the most prevalent. On average, patients with epilepsy were taking two antiepileptic medications and those with headache were taking only one prophylactic medication. Regarding concomitant medications, patients with epilepsy were in use, on average, of one drug and patients with headache of two. Conclusions: Patients with chronic neurological diseases, such as epilepsy and headaches, have a high number of comorbidities and they use many medications. This may contribute to poor adherence and interactions between different medications.704274277Hirtz, D., Thurman, D.J., Gwinn-Hardy, K., Mohamed, M., Chaudhuri, A.R., Zalutsky, R., How common are the "common" neurologic disorders? (2007) Neurology, 68, pp. 326-337Stovner, L.J., Hagen, K., Jensen, R., The global burden of headache: A documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide (2007) Cephalalgia, 27, pp. 193-210Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epiletic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399. , Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against EpilepsyGidal, B.E., French, J.A., Grossman, P., le Teuff, G., Assessment of potential drug interactions in patients with epilepsy: Impact of age and sex (2009) Neurology, 72, pp. 419-425Recomendações para o tratamento profilático da migrânea: Consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaléia (2002) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 60, pp. 159-169. , Sociedade Brasileira de CefaleiaBetting, L.E., Kobayashi, E., Montenegro, M.A., Tratamento de epilepsia: Consenso dos especialistas brasileiros (2003) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 61, pp. 1045-1070Patsalos, P.N., Perucca, E., Clinically important drug interactions in epilepsy: Interactions between antiepileptic drugs and other drugs (2003) Lancet Neurol, 2, pp. 473-481Buse, D.C., Manack, A., Serrano, D., Sociodemographic and comorbidity profiles of chronic migraine and episodic migraine sufferers (2010) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 81, pp. 428-432Faught, E., Duh, M.S., Weiner, J.R., Nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs and increased mortality: Findings from the RANSOM Study (2008) Neurology, 71, pp. 1572-1578Cramer, J.A., Glassman, M., Rienzic, V., The relationship between poor medication compliance and seizures (2002) Epilepsy and Behavior, 3, pp. 338-342Oberndorfer, S., Piribauer, M., Marosi, C., Lahrmann, H., Hitzenberger, P., Grisold, W., P450 enzyme inducing and non-enzyme inducing antiepileptics in glioblastoma patients treated with standard chemotherapy (2005) J Neurooncol, 72, pp. 255-260Spina, E., Scordo, M.G., D'Arrigo, C., Metabolic drug interactions with new psychotropic agents (2003) Fundamental and Clin Pharmacol, 17, pp. 517-538Monaco, F., Cicolin, A., Interactions between anticonvulsant and psychoactive drugs (1999) Epilepsia, 40 (SUPPL.), pp. S71-S7

Nonleptonic two-body charmless B decays involving a tensor meson in ISGW2 model

Nonleptonic charmless B decays into a pseudoscalar (P) or a vector (V) meson accompanying a tensor (T) meson are re-analyzed. We scrutinize the hadronic uncertainties and ambiguities of the form factors which appear in the literature. The Isgur-Scora-Grinstein-Wise updated model (ISGW2) is adopted to evaluate the relevant hadronic matrix elements. We calculate the branching ratios and CP asymmetries for various $B\to P(V)T$ decay processes. With the ISGW2 model, the branching ratios are enhanced by about an order of magnitude compared to the previous estimates. We show that the ratios \calB(B\to VT)/\calB(B\to PT) for some strangeness-changing processes are very sensitive to the CKM angle $\gamma$ ($\phi_3$).Comment: 23 pages, REVTEX; minor clarifications included; to appear in Phys. Rev.

Patterns Of Seizure Control In Patients With Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy With And Without Hippocampus Sclerosis [padrões De Controle De Crises Em Pacientes Com Epilepsia De Lobo Temporal Com Ou Sem Esclerose Hipocampal]

Objective: Patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) may present unstable pattern of seizures. We aimed to evaluate the occurrence of relapse-remitting seizures in MTLE with (MTLE-HS) and without (MTLE-NL) hippocampal sclerosis. Method: We evaluated 172 patients with MTLE-HS (122) or MTLE-NL (50). Relapse-remitting pattern was defined as periods longer than two years of seizure-freedom intercalated with seizure recurrence. “Infrequent seizures” was considered as up to three seizures per year and “frequent seizures” as any period of seizures higher than that. Results: Thirty-seven (30%) MTLE-HS and 18 (36%) MTLE-NL patients had relapse-remitting pattern (X2, p = 0.470). This was more common in those with infrequent seizures (X2, p < 0.001). Twelve MTLE-HS and one MTLE-NL patients had prolonged seizure remission between the first and second decade of life (X2, p = 0.06). Conclusion: Similar proportion of MTLE-HS or MTLE-NL patients present relapse-remitting seizures and this occurs more often in those with infrequent seizures.7327982Kwan, P., Brodie, M.J., Early identification of refractory epilepsy (2010) N Engl Jmed, 342 (5), pp. 314-319. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200002033420503Goodridge, D.M., Shorvon, S.D., Epileptic seizures in a population of 6000. II: Treatment and prognosis (1983) Br Med J, 287 (6393), pp. 645-647. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.287.6393.645Brodie, M.J., Barry, S., Bamagous, G.A., Norrie, J.D., Kwan, P., Patterns of treatment response in newly diagnosed epilepsy (2012) Neurology, 78 (20), pp. 1548-1554. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182563b19Semah, F., Picot, M.C., Adam, C., Broglin, D., Arzimanoglou, A., Bazin, B., Is the underlying cause of epilepsy a major prognostic factor for recurrence? (1998) Neurology, 51 (5), pp. 1256-1262. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.51.5.1256Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Kurland, L.T., Prevalence of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota: 1940-1980 (1991) Epilepsia, 32 (4), pp. 429-445. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1991.tb04675.xFrench, J.A., Williamson, P.D., Thadani, V.M., Darcey, T.M., Mattson, R.H., Spencer, S.S., Characteristics of medial temporal lobe epilepsy: I. Results of history and physical examination (1993) Ann Neurol, 34 (6), pp. 774-780. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410340604Berg, A.T., The natural history of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (2008) Curr Opin Neurol, 21 (2), pp. 173-178. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f36ccdSillanpää, M., Schmidt, D., Natural history of treated childhood-onset epilepsy: Prospective, long-term population based study (2006) Brain, 129, pp. 617-624. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh726Coan, A.C., Kubota, B.Y., Bergo, F., Campos, B.M., Cendes, F., 3T MRI quantification of hippocampal volume and signal in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy improves detection of hippocampal sclerosis (2014) AJNR am J Neuroradiol, 35 (1), pp. 77-83. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3640Wieser, H.G., ILAE Commission on Neurosurgery of Epilepsy. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (2004) Epilepsia, 45 (6), pp. 695-714. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.09004.xKwan, P., Arzimanoglou, A., Berg, A.T., Brodie, M.J., Allen Hauser, W., Mathern, G., Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: Consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies (2010) Epilepsia, 51 (6), pp. 1069-1077. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.xVan Paesschen, W., Connelly, A., King, M.D., Jackson, G.D., Duncan, J.S., The spectrum of hippocampal sclerosis: A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study (1997) Ann Neurol, 41 (1), pp. 41-51. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410410109Cohen-Gadol, A.A., Bradley, C.C., Williamson, A., Kim, J.H., Westerveld, M., Duckrow, R.B., Normal magnetic resonance imaging and medial temporal lobe epilepsy: The clinical syndrome of paradoxical temporal lobe epilepsy (2005) J Neurosur, 102 (5), pp. 902-909. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2005.102.5.0902Pittau, F., Bisulli, F., Mai, R., Fares, J.E., Vignatelli, L., Labate, A., Prognostic factors in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (2009) Epilepsia, 50, pp. 41-44. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01969.xKobayashi, E., Lopes-Cendes, I., Guerreiro, C.A., Sousa, S.C., Guerreiro, M.M., Cendes, F., Seizure outcome and hippocampal atrophy in familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (2001) Neurology, 56 (2), pp. 166-172. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.56.2.166Labate, A., Gambardella, A., Ermann, E., Aguglia, U., Cendes, F., Berkovic, S.F., Benign mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (2011) Nat Rev Neurol, 7 (4), pp. 237-240. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2010.21

Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities

A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the $B$-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b}, and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K. Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D. Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A. Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair

Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions BR(B0 -> K*0 gamma)/BR(Bs0 -> phi gamma) and the direct CP asymmetry in B0 -> K*0 gamma

The ratio of branching fractions of the radiative B decays B0 -> K*0 gamma and Bs0 phi gamma has been measured using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The value obtained is BR(B0 -> K*0 gamma)/BR(Bs0 -> phi gamma) = 1.23 +/- 0.06(stat.) +/- 0.04(syst.) +/- 0.10(fs/fd), where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is associated with the ratio of fragmentation fractions fs/fd. Using the world average value for BR(B0 -> K*0 gamma), the branching fraction BR(Bs0 -> phi gamma) is measured to be (3.5 +/- 0.4) x 10^{-5}. The direct CP asymmetry in B0 -> K*0 gamma decays has also been measured with the same data and found to be A(CP)(B0 -> K*0 gamma) = (0.8 +/- 1.7(stat.) +/- 0.9(syst.))%. Both measurements are the most precise to date and are in agreement with the previous experimental results and theoretical expectations.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figues, 4 table

Galaxy Clusters Associated with Short GRBs. II. Predictions for the Rate of Short GRBs in Field and Cluster Early-Type Galaxies

We determine the relative rates of short GRBs in cluster and field early-type galaxies as a function of the age probability distribution of their progenitors, P(\tau) \propto \tau^n. This analysis takes advantage of the difference in the growth of stellar mass in clusters and in the field, which arises from the combined effects of the galaxy stellar mass function, the early-type fraction, and the dependence of star formation history on mass and environment. This approach complements the use of the early- to late-type host galaxy ratio, with the added benefit that the star formation histories of early-type galaxies are simpler than those of late-type galaxies, and any systematic differences between progenitors in early- and late-type galaxies are removed. We find that the ratio varies from R(cluster)/R(field) ~ 0.5 for n = -2 to ~ 3 for n = 2. Current observations indicate a ratio of about 2, corresponding to n ~ 0 - 1. This is similar to the value inferred from the ratio of short GRBs in early- and late-type hosts, but it differs from the value of n ~ -1 for NS binaries in the Milky Way. We stress that this general approach can be easily modified with improved knowledge of the effects of environment and mass on the build-up of stellar mass, as well as the effect of globular clusters on the short GRB rate. It can also be used to assess the age distribution of Type Ia supernova progenitors.Comment: ApJ accepted versio