Mobile Cranes Models Review

Práce se zabývá mobilními jeřáby s nosností nad 50 t. V úvodu jsou popsány základní pojmy týkající se těchto strojů. Dále následuje obecné rozdělení jeřábů. Tato práce se zaměřuje na stručný popis kolových a pásových mobilních jeřábů. Je zde popsána podvozková část kolového jeřábu a podvozková část pásového jeřábu s jejich základními prvky. Poté je nastíněna konstrukce horní otočné části pro kolový i pásový podvozek mobilního jeřábu. V přehledu jsou uvedeni současní světoví výrobci i společnosti, které již tyto stroje neprodukují. Následují přehledné informace o firmách - Grove, Liebherr, Manitowoc, Tadano, Terex-Demag a ČKD. Společnost Grove zde má podrobněji uvedeny zajímavé systémy, které používá u svých výrobků. Na konci této práce jsou uvedeny tabulkové přehledy s mobilními jeřáby jednotlivých značek na kolovém podvozku s nosností nad 50 t a souhrnná tabulka s výrobci pásových mobilních jeřábů s nosností nad 50 t.The thesis deals with mobile cranes with a lifting capacity of 50 tonnes. The introduction describes the basic concepts related to these machines. Followed by a general cranes overview. This thesis focuses on a brief description of wheeled and tracked mobile cranes. It describes the undercarriage of the wheeled cranes and undercarriage of the tracked crane and crawler crane with it’s basic elements. After that is described the structure of the upper rotating wheel and track mobile truck crane. In the overview are specified the current global producers and companies that already do not produce these machines. Follows the short overview about companies - Grove, Liebherr, Manitowoc, Tadano, Terex-Demag and CKD. In the next part are written more details about company Grove interesting systems which are used in theirs products. At the end of this work are given a table showing the mobile crane on a brand-wheeled chassis with a capacity of over 50 the summary table with belt manufacturers of mobile cranes with a lifting capacity exceeding 50 tonnes.

Entrepreneurially Plan of Company with Sport Requirement

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá vytvořením podnikatelského plánu, jehož předmětem je založení společnosti MS SPORT, s. r. o., která budu provozovat obchod se sportovními potřebami, s oblečením a se servisem lyží a snowboardů. Obsahuje návrhy organizačního, marketingového, finančního plánu a výpočty finanční analýzy. Cílem práce je vyhodnocení reálnosti, realizovatelnosti a ziskovosti plánu.This bachelor’s thesis is concerned with floatation of the entrepreneurially plan whom the subject is foundation of MS SPORT Ltd. company which will distribute the shop with sporting goods, clothing and servicing of ski and snowboards. My plan contains the suggestions of organization, marketing, financial plan and calculation of the financial analysis. The aim of my work is data evaluation, feasibility and profitability of my plan.

The Breathing of Webs Under Repeated Partial Edge Loading

AbstractSlender webs subjected to many times repeated partial edge loading repeatedly buckle (breathe) under this loading, which brings about the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in the neighbourhood of the loaded flange. This phenomenon leads to a significant “erosion” of the post-buckled behaviour of the web, which would very beneficially affect the limit state of the web if its loading were not repeated. Based on their experimental results, the authors establish user-friendly formulae such as to make it possible entirely to disregard the detrimental effect of web breathing even in the case of repeated loads, but on the condition that the maximum value of the cyclic loading is kept under a certain limi

Coordinated ultrastructural and phylogenomic analyses shed light on the hidden phycobiont diversity of Trebouxia microalgae in Ramalina fraxinea

[EN] The precise boundary delineations between taxa in symbiotic associations are very important for evolutionary and ecophysiological studies. Growing evidence indicates that in many cases, the use of either morphological characters or molecular markers results in diversity underestimation. In lichen symbioses. Trebouxia is the most common genus of lichen phycobionts, however, the diversity within this genus has been poorly studied and as such there is no clear species concept. This study constitutes a multifaceted approach incorporating aspects of ultrastructural characterization by TEM and phylogenomics to evaluate the morphological and genetic diversity of phycobionts within the sexually reproducing lichen Ramalina fraxinea in the context of Mediterranean and temperate populations. Results reveal an association with at least seven different Trebouxia lineages belonging to at least two species. T. decolorans and T. jamesii, and diverse combinations of such lineages coexisting within the same thallus depending on the analysed sample. Some of these lineages are shared by several other non-related lichen taxa. Our findings indicate the existence of a highly diverse assemblage of Trebouxia algae associating with R. fraxinea and suggest a possible incipient speciation within T. decolorans rendering a number of lineages or even actual species. This study stresses the importance of coordinated ultrastructural and molecular analyses to improve estimates of diversity and reveal the coexistence of more than one Trebouxia species within the same thallus. lt is also necessary to have clearer species delimitation criteria within the genus Trebouxia and microalgae in general.This study was funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO CGL2012-40058-0O2-01/02), FEDER, the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII2013/021, GVA) and the Direccion General de Universidades e Investigacion de la Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Madrid - Universidad de Alcala (CCG10-UAH/GEN-5904). Drs. Arantxa Matins and Patricia Moya (Universitat de Valencia) made helpful comments on the manuscript.Català, S.; Campo, ED.; Barreno, E.; García-Breijo, F.; Reig Armiñana, J.; Casano, L. (2016). Coordinated ultrastructural and phylogenomic analyses shed light on the hidden phycobiont diversity of Trebouxia microalgae in Ramalina fraxinea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 94:765-777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.021S7657779

Discovery of long-distance gamete dispersal in a lichen-forming ascomycete

Accurate estimates of gamete and offspring dispersal range are required for the understanding and prediction of spatial population dynamics and species persistence. Little is known about gamete dispersal in fungi, especially in lichen-forming ascomycetes. Here, we estimate the dispersal functions of clonal propagules, gametes and ascospores of the epiphytic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria. We use hierarchical Bayesian parentage analysis, which integrates genetic and ecological information from multiannual colonization and dispersal source data collected in a large, oldgrowth forest landscape. The effective dispersal range of gametes is several hundred metres to kilometres from potential paternal individuals. By contrast, clonal propagules disperse only tens of metres, and ascospores disperse over several thousand metres. Our study reveals the dispersal distances of individual reproductive units; clonal propagules, gametes and ascospores, which is of great importance for a thorough understanding of the spatial dynamics of ascomycetes. Sexual reproduction occurs between distant individuals. However, whereas gametes and ascospores disperse over long distances, the overall rate of colonization of trees is low. Hence, establishment is the limiting factor for the colonization of new host trees by the lichen in old- growth landscapes.Peer reviewe

Morphological Convergence in Forest Microfungi Provides a Proxy for Paleogene Forest Structure

Amber, fossilized plant resin from gymnosperms and angiosperms, is renowned for preserving a wide range of organisms in microscopic fidelity. These so-called amber inclusions comprise many groups of organisms, ranging from bacteria to arthropods and vertebrates. Calicioid lichens and fungi, which are from now on referred to as “calicioids,” constitute a diverse group of tiny ascomycetes with superficially similar, usually well-stalked ascomata and which often accumulate mature ascospores on top of the apothecial disk to form a true mazaedium. The aim of this study is to use all available information on the morphology and ecology of extant calicioids to reconstruct the substrate and habitat ecology of known fossil calicioids and then to use this information to open new insights into the stand structure and ecological conditions of European Paleogene amber forests. First, we introduce the morphology of extant calicioids and demonstrate that their structural features are intimately linked to habitat ecology and are instrumental for successful dispersal; we also explain the conspicuous morphological convergence between phylogenetically distant calicioid fungi. Then, we show that the adaptive traits of calicioids have not changed since at least the Eocene, and argue that their fundamental niches also have remained unchanged. Finally, we summarize what the diversity and relative abundance of fossil calicioids in amber tells us about the ecological conditions that once prevailed in European amber forests.Peer reviewe

Lichen acclimation to changing environments:Photobiont switching vs. climate-specific uniqueness in Psora decipiens

Unraveling the complex relationship between lichen fungal and algal partners has been crucial in understanding lichen dispersal capacity, evolutionary processes, and responses in the face of environmental change. However, lichen symbiosis remains enigmatic, including the ability of a single fungal partner to associate with various algal partners. Psora decipiens is a characteristic lichen of biological soil crusts (BSCs), across semi-arid, temperate, and alpine biomes, which are particularly susceptible to habitat loss and climate change. The high levels of morphological variation found across the range of Psora decipiens may contribute to its ability to withstand environmental change. To investigate Psora decipiens acclimation potential, individuals were transplanted between four climatically distinct sites across a European latitudinal gradient for 2years. The effect of treatment was investigated through a morphological examination using light and SEM microscopy; 26S rDNA and rbcL gene analysis assessed site-specific relationships and lichen acclimation through photobiont switching. Initial analysis revealed that many samples had lost their algal layers. Although new growth was often determined, the algae were frequently found to have died without evidence of a new photobiont being incorporated into the thallus. Mycobiont analysis investigated diversity and determined that new growth was a part of the transplant, thus, revealing that four distinct fungal clades, closely linked to site, exist. Additionally, P.decipiens was found to associate with the green algal genus Myrmecia, with only two genetically distinct clades between the four sites. Our investigation has suggested that P.decipiens cannot acclimate to the substantial climatic variability across its environmental range. Additionally, the different geographical areas are home to genetically distinct and unique populations. The variation found within the genotypic and morpho-physiological traits of P.decipiens appears to have a climatic determinant, but this is not always reflected by the algal partner. Although photobiont switching occurs on an evolutionary scale, there is little evidence to suggest an active environmentally induced response. These results suggest that this species, and therefore, other lichen species, and BSC ecosystems themselves may be significantly vulnerable to climate change and habitat loss