Psychostimulants it the opinion of middle high school students: a report from a pilot survey in lubuskie voivodship

The first part of the article describes the evolution and the current shape of the law on the possession and trade of psychotropic substances. This is followed by a presentation of the results of questionnaire-based survey among the Middle High School youth on their knowledge of, and attitudes toward, the so-called „psychostimulant issue”

Spatial and temporal variability of nitrates concentration in shallow groundwater at the field location of the manure heap

Shallow groundwater is particularly susceptible to contamination by nitrates from agricultural sources. The paper attempts to recognize the direction of spatial and temporal changes in the concentration of nitrates in shallow groundwater, lying under a layer of sandy soil, in the place of a temporary manure storage place and in its immediate vicinity. The study was conducted in the years 2009-2015 on farm focused on milk production, located in the north-western part of the central basin of Biebrza, in Podlaskie voivodeship . The research stand was located at the edge of the field where maize was grown every year and where manure was periodically stored at the turn of 2010/2011 and 2014/2015. Groundwater samples were collected using 7 control and measurement wells, on a monthly basis, 4-8 times a year. The obtained results of nitrates content were subjected to statistical analysis using the analysis of variance with the Kruskal-Wallis test. The analysis of correlation of nitrate nitrogen concentration in water from various research points and analysis of its regression in subsequent years of research was also performed. The average annual concentration of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater samples collected from individual wells was in the wide range from 1.1 to 101.8 mg N-NO3∙dm-3. In the vast majority of cases (86%) it repeatedly exceeded the limit value for the third class of groundwater quality, or 11.3 mg N-NO3∙dm-3. Thus, the tested water should be classified as polluted or at risk of contamination. In addition, in spatial and temporal terms, the average annual nitrates content in the tested groundwater samples collected from wells installed on the research site was characterized by a significant different spatial, has a different intensity as well as directions of changes in time, to a small extent correlated with each other

Security theory and practice: The Age of Fear. 20 Years Lat er

From Introduction: "This issue is different from all previous ones. Thus, an introduction to it needs to be different from earlier ones. There has to be a place for reflection, which used to be included in an interview preceding academic articles. Clever readers will find out soon why this is so if they only think about the professional path of one of the editors. However, it is not the only reason. A special character of this issue is also due to the anniversary, the 20th already, of the September 11, 2001 attacks which have changed the world around us. They led it onto a new path which became the global war on international terrorism, or rather with terrorists and organisations bringing them together. The fight was joined by many states whose governments reached for armed forces, regarding this as the best tool for winning the war. They forgot that this was a way to eliminate only one generation of terrorists, but not the sources of the phenomenon which would motivate a generation after generation. For example, according to the wave theory of terrorism, those who did not participate directly in the struggle watched it carefully, and everybody felt its consequences, both as ongoing wars and their aftermath, changes in internal legislature perceived as limiting civil liberties, and terrorist attacks happening in various places. Attacks which were tragic and spectacular, but not with as many casualties as on September 11."(...