10,706 research outputs found
On Reinforcement Learning, Nurturing, and the Evolution of Risk Neutral
Reinforcement learning depends on agents being learning individuals, and when agents rely on their instincts rather than gathering data and acting accordingly, the population tends to be less successful than a true RL population. ÒRiskinessÓ is the elementary metric for determining how willing to rely on learning an individual or a population is. With a high learning parameter, as we denote riskiness in this paper, agents find the safest option and seldom deviate from it, essentially using learning to become a non-learning individual. With a low learning rate, agents ignore recency entirely and seek out the highest reward, regardless of the risk. We attempt in this paper to evolve this Òrisk neutralityÓ in a population by adding a safe exploration nurturing period during which agents are free to explore without consequence. We discovered the environmental conditions necessary for our hypotheses to be mostly satisfied and found that nurturing enables agents to distinguish between two different risky options to evolve risk neutrality. Too long of a nurturing period causes the evolution to waver before settling on a path with essentially random results, while a short nurturing period causes a successful evolution of risk neutrality. The non-nurturing case evolves risk aversion by default as we expected from a reinforcement learning system, because agents are unable to distinguish between the good risk and bad risk, so they decide to avoid risks altogether.Noundergraduat
NURTURING PROMOTES THE EVOLUTION OF LEARNING IN CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS
An agent may interact with its environment and learn complex tasks based on evaluative
feedback through a process known as reinforcement learning. Reinforcement
learning requires exploration of unfamiliar situations, which necessarily involves unknown
and potentially dangerous or costly outcomes. Supervising agents in these
situations can be seen as a type of nurturing and requires an investment of time usually
by humans. Nurturing, one individual investing in the development of another
individual with which it has an ongoing relationship, is widely seen in the biological
world, often with parents nurturing their o spring. There are many types of nurturing,
including helping an individual to carry out a task by doing part of the task for
it. In arti cial intelligence, nurturing can be seen as an opportunity to develop both
better machine learning algorithms and robots that assist or supervise other robots.
Although the area of nurturing robotics is at a very early stage, the hope is that this
approach can result in more sophisticated learning systems. This dissertation demonstrates
the e ectiveness of nurturing through experiments involving the evolution of
the parameters of a reinforcement learning algorithm that is capable of nding good
policies in a changing environment in which the agent must learn an episodic task
in which there is discrete input with perceptual aliasing, continuous output, and delayed
reward. The results show that nurturing is capable of promoting the evolution
of learning in such environments
Nurturing as Safe Exploration Promotes the Evolution of Generalized Supervised Learning
The ability to learn is often a desirable property of intelligent systems which can make them more adaptive. However, it is difficult to develop sophisticated learning algorithms that are effective. One approach to the development of learning algorithms is to evolve them using evolutionary algorithms. The evolution of learning is interesting as a practical matter because harnessing it may allow us to develop better artificial intelligence; it is interesting also from a more theoretical perspective of understanding how the sophisticated learning seen in nature---including that of humans---could have arisen. A potential obstacle to the evolution of learning when alternative behavioral strategies (e.g., instincts) can evolve is that learning individuals tend to exhibit ineffective behavior before effective behavior is learned. Nurturing, defined as one individual investing in the development of another individual with which it has an ongoing relationship, is often seen in nature in species that exhibit sophisticated learning behavior. It is hypothesized that nurturing may be able to increase the competitiveness of learning in an evolutionary environment by ameliorating the consequences of incorrect initial behavior. The approach taken is to expand upon a foundational work in the evolution of learning to enable also the evolution of instincts and then examining the strategies evolved with and without a nurturing condition in which individuals are not penalized for mistakes made during a learning period. It is found that nurturing promotes the evolution of learning in these environments
FinGPT: Open-Source Financial Large Language Models
Large language models (LLMs) have shown the potential of revolutionizing
natural language processing tasks in diverse domains, sparking great interest
in finance. Accessing high-quality financial data is the first challenge for
financial LLMs (FinLLMs). While proprietary models like BloombergGPT have taken
advantage of their unique data accumulation, such privileged access calls for
an open-source alternative to democratize Internet-scale financial data.
In this paper, we present an open-source large language model, FinGPT, for
the finance sector. Unlike proprietary models, FinGPT takes a data-centric
approach, providing researchers and practitioners with accessible and
transparent resources to develop their FinLLMs. We highlight the importance of
an automatic data curation pipeline and the lightweight low-rank adaptation
technique in building FinGPT. Furthermore, we showcase several potential
applications as stepping stones for users, such as robo-advising, algorithmic
trading, and low-code development. Through collaborative efforts within the
open-source AI4Finance community, FinGPT aims to stimulate innovation,
democratize FinLLMs, and unlock new opportunities in open finance. Two
associated code repos are \url{https://github.com/AI4Finance-Foundation/FinGPT}
and \url{https://github.com/AI4Finance-Foundation/FinNLP
Born to learn: The inspiration, progress, and future of evolved plastic artificial neural networks
Biological plastic neural networks are systems of extraordinary computational
capabilities shaped by evolution, development, and lifetime learning. The
interplay of these elements leads to the emergence of adaptive behavior and
intelligence. Inspired by such intricate natural phenomena, Evolved Plastic
Artificial Neural Networks (EPANNs) use simulated evolution in-silico to breed
plastic neural networks with a large variety of dynamics, architectures, and
plasticity rules: these artificial systems are composed of inputs, outputs, and
plastic components that change in response to experiences in an environment.
These systems may autonomously discover novel adaptive algorithms, and lead to
hypotheses on the emergence of biological adaptation. EPANNs have seen
considerable progress over the last two decades. Current scientific and
technological advances in artificial neural networks are now setting the
conditions for radically new approaches and results. In particular, the
limitations of hand-designed networks could be overcome by more flexible and
innovative solutions. This paper brings together a variety of inspiring ideas
that define the field of EPANNs. The main methods and results are reviewed.
Finally, new opportunities and developments are presented
Grounding Artificial Intelligence in the Origins of Human Behavior
Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revived the quest for
agents able to acquire an open-ended repertoire of skills. However, although
this ability is fundamentally related to the characteristics of human
intelligence, research in this field rarely considers the processes that may
have guided the emergence of complex cognitive capacities during the evolution
of the species.
Research in Human Behavioral Ecology (HBE) seeks to understand how the
behaviors characterizing human nature can be conceived as adaptive responses to
major changes in the structure of our ecological niche. In this paper, we
propose a framework highlighting the role of environmental complexity in
open-ended skill acquisition, grounded in major hypotheses from HBE and recent
contributions in Reinforcement learning (RL). We use this framework to
highlight fundamental links between the two disciplines, as well as to identify
feedback loops that bootstrap ecological complexity and create promising
research directions for AI researchers
Role and Discipline Relationships in a Transdisciplinary Biomedical Team: Structuration, Values Override and Context Scaffolding
Though accepted that "team science" is needed to tackle and conquer the
health problems that are plaguing our society significant empirical evidence of
team mechanisms and functional dynamics is still lacking in abundance. Through
grounded methods the relationship between scientific disciplines and team roles
was observed in a United States National Institutes of Health-funded (NIH)
research consortium. Interviews and the Organizational Culture Assessment
Instrument (OCAI) were employed.. Findings show strong role and discipline
idiosyncrasies that when viewed separately provide different insights into team
functioning and change receptivity. When considered simultaneously,
value-latent characteristics emerged showing self-perceived contributions to
the team. This micro/meso analysis suggests that individual participation in
team level interactions can inform the structuration of roles and disciplines
in an attempt to tackle macro level problems.Comment: Presented at COINs13 Conference, Chile, 2013 (arxiv:1308.1028
Towards a more sustainable future: simple recommendations to integrate planetary health into education
This Personal View presents recommendations aimed at integrating planetary health into various stages of education, which are simple but effective, and designed with teachers in training and those who have not yet considered how to incorporate UNESCO's Education for Sustainable Development into their teaching practice. However, the constantly evolving nature of the Education for Sustainable Development programme must be recognised, and the importance of being able to adapt teaching methods to meet the changing needs of students as they progress through their educational journey should be highlighted. Therefore, this Personal View considers the cognitive, social, and ethical evolution of students and offers specific recommendations for preschool, primary, secondary, and university education levels. We recommend that educators should focus on teaching students to critically evaluate data on sustainability and to develop innovative solutions to environmental challenges. We also highlight the importance of incorporating practical projects, using active methods that promote skills related to caring for the planet, or the importance of situated learning that attends to the particularities of each context. In this way, students can develop skills and values that contribute to a more sustainable future. The recommendations made here aim to provide educators and researchers with simple but effective ways to integrate planetary health into education
Enabling creativity in learning environments: lessons from the CREANOVA project
The paper employs data from a European Union funded project to outline the dif- ferent contexts and factors that enable creativity and innovation. It suggests that creativity and innovation are supported by flexible work settings, adaptable learning environments, collaborative design processes, determined effort, and liberating in- novative relationships. It concludes that learning environments that seek to enable creativity and innovation should encourage collaborative working, offer flexibility for both learners and educators, enable learner-led innovative processes, and recognize that creativity occurs in curriculum areas beyond the creative arts
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