Boon or curse? A contingent view on the relationship between strategic planning and organizational ambidexterity

Numerous scholars have attempted to explain which factors allow for organizational ambidexterity. Strategic planning, as a possible antecedent, has not been considered so far. This is surprising because strategic planning is among the most widely used strategic decision-making tools in management practice and one of the most extensively studied concepts in management research. In addition, prior research has demonstrated the potential of strategic planning to impact innovation-related outcomes—both positively and negatively. Here, we investigate the association between strategic planning and organizational ambidexterity using a survey of 217 senior executives. We highlight the importance of considering how executives use strategic planning. Our results support the hypothesis that strategic planning's positive or negative association with organizational ambidexterity is contingent on other organizational factors. Our findings reveal that strategic planning is only positively associated with organizational ambidexterity when leaders' innovation orientation is extraordinarily high. We further contextualize this interaction effect by considering the environmental uncertainty perceived by the top management. This work contributes to the literature by examining the antecedents of organizational ambidexterity

The Role of Strategic Orientations and Ambidextrous Innovation in the Accelerated Internationalization of INVs: Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda

Over the past two decades, the growth of international new ventures (INVs) has stimulated a great deal of interest among international entrepreneurship (IE) scholars to understand how these entrepreneurial start-ups internationalize rapidly and navigate turbulent environments given their resource deficiencies. While the IE domain and INV phenomenon have developed an extensive body of knowledge with rich insights, the literature has been characterized as fragmented and lacking in theoretical development. Employing a collection of key strategic orientations which provide a holistic operationalization of IE, we develop a conceptual framework to better understand how INV’s innovation capabilities impact their pace of internationalization. Building on the dynamic capabilities view (DCV), we attempt to explain how INVs develop capabilities necessary for successful internationalization. Our conceptual framework compliments IE literature, as fostering a culture within the firm that advances ambidextrous innovation capabilities necessary for resource-constrained INVs to succeed in turbulent global markets. The study develops propositions and concludes with the directions for future research and implications for mangers who seek to expand their operations internationally.     Keywords: international new ventures, strategic orientations, ambidextrous innovation, environmental dynamism, accelerated internationalizatio

Ambidextrous Leadership, Social Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Operational Performance

In the knowledge era, new forms of organizing and managing firms emerge to adapt to new situations. One such new form of organizational management is ambidextrous leadership. Ambidextrous leadership combines opening leader behaviors, such as promoting creativity, and closing leader behaviors, such as accomplishing objectives and adhering to norms. Thus, the aim is to demonstrate that a social orientation is not at odds with measures of operational performance other than profitability. The purpose of this study is to examine how ambidextrous leadership is linked to social entrepreneurial orientation and how this in turn affects operational performance. This is done through a rigorous review of the literature

International business competence and innovation performance : the role of ambidextrous organizational culture and environmental dynamism

Author's accepted manuscript (postprint).This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Emerald in International Journal of Organizational Analysis on 24/08/2021.Available online: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJOA-03-2021-2689/full/htmlacceptedVersio

Organisational Ambidexterity in SME Context: A Multi-Level Perspective Focused on Portuguese Technological Firms

The study of organisational ambidexterity (OA) has been an important field of research for management, especially because of the importance of this theme for the competitiveness of companies. In this sense, this doctoral thesis in Management has, as its main objective, to provide a better understanding of how OA can be developed in the context of Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). This study adopted a multilevel perspective, having explored a set of different paths implemented through five research articles: a literature review article, a theoretical article and three empirical articles. Thus, the first article is a literature review, and its main objective is to identify the factors that affect OA in SMEs. Based on 297 articles published between 2005 and 2020 in the Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct databases, a multilevel perspective was adopted, covering the organisational, environmental, and individual levels. With this approach, four thematic areas were identified with which the OA investigation is related: innovation, organisational learning, dynamic capabilities, and SME performance. The main contribution of this research focuses on the identification of thematic areas of scientific research around OA, as well as the identification of a set of contingent factors, located at the organisational, environmental, and individual levels, which can potentially influence the development of OA in the context of SMEs. The second article sought to analyse the antecedents of OA considering the main characteristics of SMEs, such as their small size or their reduced internal structure. For this purpose, and based on the identified literature, an approach was adopted based on internal and external antecedents and what is its potential relationship with the characteristics of SMEs from the perspective of the exploration and exploitation concepts. Based on this relationship, ten theoretical propositions were identified. The third article is empirical in nature and adopts an individual-level perspective and aimed to analyse the influence of owner-managers' personality in the development of OA in the context of SMEs. For this purpose, five hypotheses based on personality traits and their influence on OA were formulated. A second-order structural equation model was used, and a structured questionnaire addressed to the owner-managers of 224 Portuguese SMEs in the information technology (IT), telecommunications, audio-visual and IT consulting. The results obtained suggest the positive influence of the personality traits of extraversion and conscientiousness in OA and the negative influence of the personality trait of neuroticism in OA. The fourth article is also empirical in nature and sought to study the influence of environmental dynamism and technological capability in OA and the moderating role of environmental dynamism in OA. With this objective, a second-order structural equation model was used, and a structured questionnaire addressed to the ownermanagers of 224 Portuguese SMEs in the information technology (IT), telecommunications, audio-visual and IT consulting sector. The main results obtained reveal a positive effect of technological capability in OA as well as a moderating effect on the relationship between technological capability and OA. Finally, the fifth and last article adopts an organisational level perspective and aimed to understand how Quality Management Systems based on ISO 9001 (QMS) can help inhibit or facilitate OA in SMEs. In this article, a qualitative approach was adopted, using four case studies and a interview protocol previously developed for this purpose. The results obtained highlight the importance of the changes caused by the QMS for the development of ambidextrous behaviours in SMEs and reveal that not all the changes caused by the QMS in SMEs acted as facilitators of the OA. The different studies carried out within the scope of this research lead us to consider that the development of OA in the context of SMEs is dependent on a set of factors of a multilevel nature, namely in terms of the specific characteristics of this type of companies, personality traits of the owner-managers and the external influence of the environmental dynamism in which these companies operate. This study was based on an important set of theories, such as the Contingency Theory, the Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the Upper Echelons Theory, or the model of the five factors or personality traits (Big-Five personality traits). This PhD thesis in Management supports the idea that the development of OA in SMEs is dependent on the degree of influence of activities related to exploration and exploitation. This study suggests that OA is a complex phenomenon, and that exploration and exploitation will tend to be difficult to balance, which leads us to think that in SMEs these activities can be balanced alternately or that they can coexist in a complementary and orthogonal way. In this sense, this study highlights the role of SMEs in customer relationships, the influence of contingent factors such as environmental dynamism in exploration and exploitation, the external influence on OA and in the technological capacity of these companies, as well as the influence of the characteristics of the personality of its ownermanagers. This investigation also presents contributions to theory and practice, as well as future lines of research related to this theme.O estudo da ambidextria organizacional tem sido um importante campo de pesquisa para a gestão, sobretudo pela importância que esta temática se reveste para a competitividade das empresas. Neste sentido, esta tese de doutoramento em Gestão possui, como objetivo principal, proporcionar um melhor entendimento acerca da ambidextria organizacional (AO) em contexto de pequenas e médias empresas (PME) portuguesas. O caminho de investigação definido adotou uma abordagem multinível, tendo sido explorados um conjunto de diferentes perspetivas concretizadas através de cinco artigos de investigação: um artigo de revisão de literatura, um artigo teórico e três artigos de natureza empírica. Assim, o primeiro artigo, é uma revisão da literatura e tem como principal objetivo identificar os fatores que afetam a AO em contexto de PME. Tendo por base 297 artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2020 nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus e Science Direct, foi adotada uma perspetiva multinível, abrangendo o nível organizacional, ambiental e individual. Com essa abordagem identificaram-se quatro áreas temáticas com as quais a investigação da AO se encontra relacionada: inovação, aprendizagem organizacional, capacidades dinâmicas e desempenho das PME. O principal contributo desta investigação centra-se na identificação das grandes áreas temáticas de investigação científica em torno da AO, assim como a identificação de um conjunto de fatores contingenciais, situados ao nível organizacional, ambiental e individual, que potencialmente podem influenciar o desenvolvimento da AO em contexto de PME. O segundo artigo procurou analisar os antecedentes da AO à luz das principais caracteristicas das PME, como a sua reduzida dimensão ou a sua reduzida estrutura interna. Para esse efeito, e tendo por base a literatura identificada, adotou-se uma abordagem baseada nos antecedentes internos e externos e qual o seu potencial relacionamento com as caracteristicas das PME sob o prisma dos conceitos de exploration e exploitation. Com base nesses relacionamentos foram identificadas dez proposições teóricas. O terceiro artigo tem uma natureza empírica, adota uma perspetiva de nível individual, e teve como objetivo analisar a influência da personalidade dos proprietários-gestores no desenvolvimento da AO em contexto de PME. Para esse efeito foram formuladas cinco hipóteses baseadas nos traços de personalidade e a sua influência em AO. Recorreu-se a um modelo de equações estruturais de segunda ordem e a um questionário estruturado dirigido aos proprietários-gestores de 224 PME portuguesas do setor das tecnologias de informação (TI), telecomunicações, audiovisual e consultadoria em TI. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a influência positiva dos traços de personalidade da extroversão e conscienciosidade em AO e influência negativa do traço de personalidade de neuroticismo em AO. O quarto artigo tem igualmente uma natureza empírica e procurou-se estudar a influência do dinamismo ambiental e da capacidade tecnológica em AO e o papel moderador do dinamismo ambiental em AO. Com este objetivo recorreu-se a um modelo de equações estruturais de segunda ordem e a um questionário estruturado dirigido aos proprietários-gestores de 224 PME portuguesas do setor das tecnologias de informação (TI), telecomunicações, audiovisual e consultadoria em TI. Os principais resultados obtidos revelam um efeito positivo da capacidade tecnológica em AO assim como um efeito moderador na relação entre capacidade tecnológica e AO. Por fim, o quinto e último artigo, adota a perspetiva de nível organizacional e teve como objetivo perceber como os Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade baseados na ISO 9001 (SGQ) podem ajudar a inibir ou a facilitar a AO em PME. Para este artigo adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, com recurso a quatro estudos de caso e a um questionário de entrevista previamente desenvolvido para o efeito. Os resultados obtidos ressaltam a importância das mudanças provocadas pelos SGQ para o desenvolvimento de comportamentos ambidextros nas PME e revela que nem todas as mudanças provocadas pelos SGQ nas PME atuaram como facilitadores da AO. Os diferentes estudos efetuados no âmbito desta investigação leva-nos a considerar que desenvolvimento da AO no contexto das PME encontra-se dependente de um conjunto de fatores de natureza multinível, nomeadamente ao nível das características especificas deste tipo de empresas, dos traços de personalidade dos seus proprietáriosgestores e da influência externa do dinamismo ambiental onde estas empresas se inserem. Esta investigação teve por base um importante conjunto de teorias, como a Teoria Contingencial, a Teoria das Capacidades Dinâmicas, a Upper Echelons Theory, ou o modelo dos cinco fatores ou traços de personalidade (Big-five personality traits). Esta tese de doutoramento em Gestão permite sustentar a ideia de que o desenvolvimento da AO nas PME encontra-se dependente do grau de influência das atividades relacionadas com exploration e exploitation. Este estudo sugere que a AO é um fenómeno complexo e que exploration e exploitation tenderão a ser difíceis de serem equilibradas, o que nos leva a pensar que, nas PME, essas atividades poderão ser balanceadas alternadamente ou que poderão coexistir de forma complementar e ortogonal. Neste sentido, este estudo realça o papel das PME no relacionamento com clientes, a influência dos fatores contingenciais como o dinamismo ambiental em exploration e exploitation, a influência externa na construção da AO e na capacidade tecnológica destas empresas, assim como a influência das caracteristicas de personalidade dos seus gestores-proprietários. Esta investigação também apresenta contributos para a teoria e para a prática, assim como linhas de pesquisa futuras relativas a esta temática

Relationship between ambidexterity andentrepreneurial intensity

[EN] Within organisational analysis, a concept that has been gaining importance has been organisational ambidexterity, where two factors play an important role: entrepreneurial intensity and innovations. The objective of this article is to analyse the relationship between entrepreneurial intensity and ambidexterity. The conceptualisation of ambidexterity distinguishes between ambidextrous activities and ambidextrous outcomes. To carry out this objective, we have tested several theoretical relationships. We have used partial least squares methodology to develop an empirical study in 25 European countries. Results confirm that collaboration networks have a positive effect on entrepreneurship intensity. This effect is greater than the one obtained by ambidextrous activities or new technologies. 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Entrepreneurial orientation and innovation in family SMEs:Unveiling the (actual) impact of the Board of Directors

Drawing on stewardship and resource dependence theories, we examine how the board of directors (BoD) influences the link between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and ambidextrous innovation in small and medium sized family firms (family SMEs). Our analysis of 230 Spanish family SMEs shows that family involvement in the BoD has a negative effect on their ability to turn EO into innovation. Moreover, we show that the BoD’s strategic involvement in service and control tasks and the provision of knowledge and skills have positive effects, whereas the intensity of BoD activity has a surprisingly negative effect. These findings underscore that the effects of the BoD on the entrepreneurship-innovation link are more complex than previously thought, pointing to the important role of both BoD composition and BoD functioning for enabling innovation in family SMEs

Analysis Effect of Organizational Leadership Capability, Learning Orientation and Flexibility Strategy on Organization Performance Through Ambidextrous Capability in Private High School in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to know how the influence of organizational leadership capability, learning orientation and strategic flexibility either directly or indirectly as dynamic capability to organizational performance through ambidextrous capability as mediating variable. Sample in this study was 140 Private high Schools which have more than 100 senior high school students in West Kalimantan, Indonesia were given Questionnaire. The data were processed with AMOS 22 and hypothesis testing with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result showed that organizational leadership capability was significantly influenced performance improvements but Learning Orientation and Strategic Flexibility do not significantly influence performance improvements. However, there is ambidextrous capability strengthened the influence of Organizational leadership capability, Learning Orientation and Strategic Flexibility on performance improvements. This present study will be applied for (1) theoretical implication; it can be a new theoretical framework of combining simultaneously the organizational leadership capability, learning orientation and strategic flexibility through ambidextrous capability to performance, and (2) for managerial implication that is in creating the capability of competitive advantage in the organization through ambidextrous capability to form strategy and management policy to increase the organization performance in the private sector in West Kalimantan.Keywords: Organizational Leadership Capability, Learning Orientation and Strategic Flexibility, Ambidextrous Capability and Organization Performanc

Top management team behavioral integration, organizational ambidexterity, and small firms\u27 performance: The moderating effect of entrepreneurial orientation

This dissertation research examines organizational ambidexterity (OA)–a concept first introduced in organizational learning literature and conceptualized as an interaction between exploration and exploitation–and its relationships with a managerial antecedent and an organizational outcome in the context of small businesses. Drawing on strategic choice and upper echelons theory, the present study suggests that top management team (TMT) behavioral integration plays a critical role in managing the interaction between exploration and exploitation. Specifically, this research proposes a positive association between TMT behavioral integration and OA. Furthermore, it suggests that small firms manage the interaction between exploration and exploitation differently depending on their entrepreneurial nature. Compared with conservative organizations, firms with high levels of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) are more likely to consider exploration and exploitation as separate (but related) options (the combined dimension of OA). On the other hand, conservative (low-EO) firms are tend to focus more on the notion that exploration and exploitation are two ends of a continuum (the balance dimension of OA), compared with high-EO counterparts. Investigating the effect of OA on firm performance, the present study proposes that while the combined dimension of OA has a positive relationship with organizational performance, the OA balance dimension have an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm performance. Data from 185 TMT members of 82 small firms in Texas and Pennsylvania strongly supported the positive association between TMT behavioral integration, combined dimension of OA, and firm performance. Supportive evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between the balance dimension of OA and organizational performance was also found. However, the moderating effect of EO on the relationship between TMT behavioral integration and OA was not detected. This study has significant contributions to the literature by shedding more light on the construct of OA and its relationship with important antecedents and consequences. It also reveals opportunities to attain new insights into the relationship between EO and organizational performance, which has been largely debated in entrepreneurship literature