30 research outputs found
Understanding CO_2 capture mechanisms in aqueous hydrazine via combined NMR and first-principles studies
- Publication venue
- 'Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)'
- Publication date
- 21/09/2017
- Field of study
Aqueous amines are currently the most promising solution for large-scale CO_2 capture from industrial sources. However, molecular design and optimization of amine-based solvents have proceeded slowly due to a lack of understanding of the underlying reaction mechanisms. Unique and unexpected reaction mechanisms involved in CO_2 absorption into aqueous hydrazine are identified using ^1H, ^(13)C, and ^(15)N NMR spectroscopy combined with first-principles quantum-mechanical simulations. We find production of both hydrazine mono-carbamate (NH_2-NH-COO^−) and hydrazine di-carbamate (^−OOC-NH-NH-COO^−), with the latter becoming more populated with increasing CO_2 loading. Exchange NMR spectroscopy also demonstrates that the reaction products are in dynamic equilibrium under ambient conditions due to CO_2 exchange between mono-carbamate and di-carbamate as well as fast proton transfer between un-protonated free hydrazine and mono-carbamate. The exchange rate rises steeply at high CO_2 loadings, enhancing CO_2 release, which appears to be a unique property of hydrazine in aqueous solution. The underlying mechanisms of these processes are further evaluated using quantum mechanical calculations. We also analyze and discuss reversible precipitation of carbamate and conversion of bicarbonate to carbamates. The comprehensive mechanistic study provides useful guidance for optimal design of amine-based solvents and processes to reduce the cost of carbon capture. Moreover, this work demonstrates the value of a combined experimental and computational approach for exploring the complex reaction dynamics of CO_2 in aqueous amines
Understanding CO_2 capture mechanisms in aqueous hydrazine via combined NMR and first-principles studies
- Publication venue
- 'Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)'
- Publication date
- 21/09/2017
- Field of study
Aqueous amines are currently the most promising solution for large-scale CO_2 capture from industrial sources. However, molecular design and optimization of amine-based solvents have proceeded slowly due to a lack of understanding of the underlying reaction mechanisms. Unique and unexpected reaction mechanisms involved in CO_2 absorption into aqueous hydrazine are identified using ^1H, ^(13)C, and ^(15)N NMR spectroscopy combined with first-principles quantum-mechanical simulations. We find production of both hydrazine mono-carbamate (NH_2-NH-COO^−) and hydrazine di-carbamate (^−OOC-NH-NH-COO^−), with the latter becoming more populated with increasing CO_2 loading. Exchange NMR spectroscopy also demonstrates that the reaction products are in dynamic equilibrium under ambient conditions due to CO_2 exchange between mono-carbamate and di-carbamate as well as fast proton transfer between un-protonated free hydrazine and mono-carbamate. The exchange rate rises steeply at high CO_2 loadings, enhancing CO_2 release, which appears to be a unique property of hydrazine in aqueous solution. The underlying mechanisms of these processes are further evaluated using quantum mechanical calculations. We also analyze and discuss reversible precipitation of carbamate and conversion of bicarbonate to carbamates. The comprehensive mechanistic study provides useful guidance for optimal design of amine-based solvents and processes to reduce the cost of carbon capture. Moreover, this work demonstrates the value of a combined experimental and computational approach for exploring the complex reaction dynamics of CO_2 in aqueous amines
IRF2 transcriptionally induces GSDMD expression for pyroptosis
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)'
- Publication date
- 28/11/2021
- Field of study
Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) is cleaved by caspase-1, caspase-4, and caspase-11 in response to canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation. Upon cleavage, GSDMD oligomerizes and forms plasma membrane pores, resulting in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, pyroptotic cell death, and inflammatory pathologies, including periodic fever syndromes and septic shock—a plague on modern medicine. Here, we showed that IRF2, a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors, was essential for the transcriptional activation of GSDMD. A forward genetic screen with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)–mutagenized mice linked IRF2 to inflammasome signaling. GSDMD expression was substantially attenuated in IRF2-deficient macrophages, endothelial cells, and multiple tissues, which corresponded with reduced IL-1β secretion and inhibited pyroptosis. Mechanistically, IRF2 bound to a previously uncharacterized but unique site within the GSDMD promoter to directly drive GSDMD transcription for the execution of pyroptosis. Disruption of this single IRF2-binding site abolished signaling by both the canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes. Together, our data illuminate a key transcriptional mechanism for expression of the gene encoding GSDMD, a critical mediator of inflammatory pathologies
Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
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- Wulandari R.
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- Xue X.
- Yadav A.
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- Yamagata K.
- Yamasaki M.
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- Yang Z.
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- Yasui Y.
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- Yatomi M.
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- Yengo L.
- Yermakovich D.
- Yi X.
- Yonekawa A.
- Yoon H.
- Yoon K. J.
- Yoshida K.
- Yoshida S.
- Yoshida S.
- Yoshida T.
- Yoshihara T.
- Yoshiya K.
- Yoshiyama T.
- Youlton N.
- Young P.
- Yun N.
- Zak A.
- Zaki A.
- Zambon M.
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- Zanella A.
- Zanella I.
- Zanelli G.
- Zara F.
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- Zhai R.
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- Zhen J.
- Zheng C.
- Zheng T.
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- Zitter L.
- Zlatopolsky M.
- Zoller H.
- Zollner S.
- Zongo O.
- Zucchi P.
- Zyndorf M.
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3–7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease
“To educate themselves”: southern black teachers in North Carolina’s schools for the freedpeople during the Civil War and reconstruction period, 1862–1875
- Author
- Alexander Roberta Sue.
- Alexander Roberta Sue.
- Alvord John W.
- AnneMarie Brosnan
- Biddle Memorial Institute
- Brinkerhoff Isaac W.
- Butchart Ronald E.
- Butchart Ronald E.
- Click Patricia C.
- Colyer Vincent.
- Dennett John Richard
- Du Bois W. E. B.
- Friends’ Freedmen’s Association
- Genovese Eugene.
- Haley John.
- James Horace.
- Jones Jacqueline.
- Jones Maxine D.
- Lawson Ellen Nickenzie.
- McPherson James.
- New England Freedmen’s Aid Society
- New England Freedmen’s Aid Society
- Padgett James A
- Rose Willie Lee.
- Society American Tract
- Span Christopher M.
- Spivey Donald.
- Stowe Harriet Beecher.
- Weisenfeld Judith
- Williams Heather Andrea.
- Woodward C. Vann.
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Caspase-11 cleaves gasdermin D for non-canonical inflammasome signalling
- Author
- A Ashkenazi
- A Kaczmarek
- Benjamin Haley
- Bettina L. Lee
- BF Py
- C Eder
- Christopher C. Goodnow
- CN Casson
- D Angosto
- EA Miao
- Edward M. Bertram
- F Martinon
- FS Sutterwala
- GG Wang
- Guy S. Salvesen
- H Xu
- Hong Li
- HX Xie
- Irma B. Stowe
- J Shi
- JA Hagar
- Jennie R. Lill
- Jiansheng Wu
- Juan Zhang
- K Meixenberger
- K Sakamaki
- K Schroder
- KA Nelms
- Karen O’Rourke
- Keith Anderson
- L Franchi
- Linda Fitzgerald
- Lucy X. Morris
- M Katoh
- M Rosas
- M Tamura
- Merone Roose-Girma
- N Kayagaki
- N Kayagaki
- NA Thornberry
- NA Thornberry
- NJ Agard
- Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- P Broz
- P Edman
- Peter S. Liu
- Qui T. Phung
- R Tamayo
- RW Carlson
- S Mariathasan
- S Mariathasan
- S Wang
- Sarah Kummerfeld
- Scott J. Snipas
- SJ Kang
- Søren Warming
- T Bergsbaken
- T Fernandes-Alnemri
- T Fujii
- T Liu
- TD Andrews
- TL Roberts
- Trinna Cuellar
- V Hornung
- V Hornung
- VA Rathinam
- Vishva M. Dixit
- WJ Henzel
- Wyne P. Lee
- Y Aachoui
- Y Qu
- Yafei Zhang
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Current Concepts and Controversies
- Author
- A. C. McFarlane
- A. C. McFarlane
- A. Ehlers
- A. G. Harvey
- A. G. Harvey
- A. M. Ruscio
- A. Maercker
- A. Minnen van
- A. Minnen van
- American Psychiatric Association
- American Psychiatric Association
- B. A. Adetunji
- B. A. Kolk van der
- B. Andrews
- B. B. R. Rossman
- B. C. Frueh
- B. C. Frueh
- B. G. Burkett
- B. L. Green
- B. P. Karon
- B. Rind
- B. Rind
- B. S. Layton
- C. Avina
- C. B. Nemeroff
- C. Dalenberg
- C. R. Brewin
- C. R. Brewin
- C. R. Brewin
- D. Brown
- D. Forbes
- D. G. Baker
- D. G. Kilpatrick
- D. J. Nutt
- D. Johnston
- D. L. Delahanty
- D. M. Elliott
- D. Mittal
- D. Pare
- D. Simeon
- E. A. Hembree
- E. A. Young
- E. B. Foa
- E. Caffo
- E. F. Loftus
- E. Geraerts
- E. J. Hickling
- E. J. Ozer
- E. J. Ozer
- E. M. Vernberg
- G. Fulcher
- G. J. G. Asmundson
- G. M. Rosen
- G. M. Rosen
- G. R. Rosen
- Gordon J. G. Asmundson
- H. A. MacDonald
- H. A. Miller
- Institute of Medicine
- J. C. Ballenger
- J. C. Beckham
- J. C. Bozzuto
- J. Carty
- J. D. Bremner
- J. D. Bremner
- J. D. Elhai
- J. D. Elhai
- J. Guriel
- J. I. Bisson
- J. L. Herman
- J. N. Butcher
- J. W. Parry
- K. L. Jang
- K. Nicholson
- L. Pankratz
- L. R. Matthews
- M. B. Stein
- M. Basoglu
- M. C. Grace
- M. Creamer
- M. E. Achterberg van
- M. Etten van
- M. Gray
- M. J. Horowitz
- M. J. Lyons
- M. J. Ruzich
- M. Livanou
- M. Murdoch
- M. Olff
- M. O’Brien
- M. Sala
- M. W. Gilbertson
- M. W. Gilbertson
- N. Breslau
- N. Breslau
- N. Breslau
- N. Brooks
- N. Tarrier
- N. Tarrier
- P. A. Arbisi
- P. J. Resnick
- P. R. Lees-Haley
- R. A. Bryant
- R. A. Bryant
- R. Bradley
- R. C. Kessler
- R. C. W. Hall
- R. E. Adams
- R. Grossman
- R. I. Simon
- R. J. McNally
- R. J. McNally
- R. J. McNally
- R. J. Sbordone
- R. J. Sbordone
- R. K. Pitman
- R. K. Pitman
- R. M. Sapolsky
- R. Rogers
- R. S. Pynoos
- R. Slovenko
- R. Stowe
- R. Yehuda
- R. Yehuda
- R. Yehuda
- R. Yehuda
- R. Yehuda
- S. Gil
- S. Lindsay
- S. M. Southwick
- S. R. L. Joca
- S. S. L. Mol
- S. Taylor
- S. Taylor
- S. Taylor
- S. Taylor
- S. Taylor
- S. Taylor
- S. Taylor
- Steven Taylor
- T. D. Geracoti
- T. M. McMillan
- W. B. Davis
- W. J. Koch
- W. R. True
- Y. Caspi
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Tales of diversity: Genomic and morphological characteristics of forty-six <i>Arthrobacter</i> phages
- Author
- A. Javier Lopez (231995)
- Abby K. Fahnestock (4252186)
- Abigail T. Sweetman (4252237)
- Allen W. Karstens (4252504)
- Allison R. Thompson (4252405)
- Amal Farooq (4252201)
- Amanda K. Staples (4252399)
- Amanda L. Kobokovich (4252264)
- Amelia M. Schick (4252252)
- Ashley B. Bue (4252372)
- Aswathi E. Jacob (4252378)
- Bethany M. Deaton (4252450)
- Bobby L. Gaffney (4252207)
- Bryan C. Gibbon (761697)
- C. Joel McManus (4252246)
- Carlos A. Guerrero Bustamante (4252198)
- Caroline K. Napoli (4252159)
- Carter N. Lantz (4252195)
- Cassandra T. Ott (4252234)
- Catherine M. Mageeney (4252312)
- Chloe A. Sells (4252387)
- Christine Zhang (3425018)
- Christopher J. Blasi (4252315)
- Christopher M. McDaniel (4252474)
- Christopher R. Fratus (4252393)
- Chrystal Thomas (4252348)
- Claire A. Rinehart (4252231)
- Conner B. Brown (4252255)
- Corrina Tender (4252426)
- Courtney T. Nabua (4252420)
- Daniel A. Russell (199599)
- Daniel R. Evans (134765)
- Daniel S. Thomas (4252180)
- Danielle M. DeNigris (4252411)
- David Dunbar (699892)
- Deborah Jacobs-Sera (199566)
- Dylan Chudoff (4252483)
- Elizabeth A. Oates (4252375)
- Elizabeth Kriese (4252498)
- Emilee J. Plautz (4252273)
- Emily L. Heckman (4252324)
- Emily L. Stowe (431712)
- Emily M. Lehmann (4252327)
- Emma A. Sweet (4252480)
- Filippa G. Bagnasco (4252243)
- Francis E. Mele (4252417)
- Gabbi Rickstrew (4252429)
- Garrett Finn (4252297)
- Graham F. Hatfull (174881)
- Haley Broomell (4252168)
- Hannah Kolev (4252204)
- Hannah L. Vaught (4252354)
- Hannah McDonald (4252267)
- In Young Lee (2702023)
- Isabelle L. Steed (4252402)
- J. Alfred Bonilla (4252306)
- Jacqueline F. Wyper (4252441)
- Jade A. Connor (4252396)
- Jakob R. Yankauskas (4252240)
- Jennifer E. Menninger (4252453)
- Jennifer Huang (86659)
- Jeremy W. Sieker (4252318)
- Jessica A. Dahlke (4252408)
- Jessica E. Medrano (4252471)
- Jonathan L. Weinstein (4252414)
- Jonathan S. Lapin (699902)
- Josephine E. Minick (4252489)
- Julia A. Cautela (4252357)
- Julia Schlossman (4252222)
- Julia Y. Lee-Soety (4252177)
- Kaitlyn E. Wathen (4252465)
- Karen K. Klyczek (4252477)
- Katelyn M. Pruett (4252501)
- Katherine Borst (4252171)
- Katherine C. DeRuff (4252219)
- Katherine G. Allen (4252345)
- Kathryn M. Hyduchak (4252309)
- Katrina Terry (4252300)
- Kayla M. Robinson (4252360)
- Kelly C. Lynch (4252444)
- Kelly E. Garrigan (4252288)
- Kevin Chen (264284)
- Kevin J. Mathew (4252486)
- Kyra N. Curtis (4252192)
- Lee E. Hughes (199579)
- Lorianna Vanderveen (4252363)
- Machika Kaku (4252189)
- Margaret A. Kenna (4252456)
- Marie C. Pizzorno (431710)
- Marisa S. Egan (4252447)
- Marissa M. Silvi (4252270)
- Martha Nkangabwa (4252213)
- Mary A. Braun (4252321)
- Megan C. Hartwell (4252261)
- Megan L. Archambault (4252390)
- Melinda Harrison (4252183)
- Michael A. Goedde (4252435)
- Milan Dolan (4252216)
- Morgan E. Lamey (4252258)
- Morgan P. Silva (4252339)
- Natalie A. Barrett (4252492)
- Nitish S. Chimalakonda (4252174)
- Noah A. Stueven (4252459)
- Patricia Afram (4252366)
- Patrick A. Rimple (4252276)
- Porter T. Swartz (4252438)
- Quynh D. Vo (4252165)
- Rahat M. Aziz (4252330)
- Rebecca A. Garlena (147145)
- Robert C. Benjamin (199567)
- Rodney A. King (699899)
- Rohan Varma (4252303)
- Ross T. Pirnie (4252381)
- Sai A. Konde (4252333)
- Sarah J. Degroote (4252249)
- Sarah K. Pellerino (4252162)
- Sarah L. Ball (4252225)
- Scott M. Lee (4252228)
- Shawn C. London (4252210)
- Sierra N. Miller (4252342)
- Stephanie E. Simon (199612)
- Susheel Khetarpal (4252294)
- Sydney O. Burke (4252285)
- Tamarah L. Adair (4252282)
- Temiloluwa O. Lawson (4252369)
- Tetyana Martynyuk (4252351)
- Travis N. Mavrich (4252432)
- Trevor S. Cross (4252291)
- Vassie C. Ware (699911)
- Victoria A. Rose (4252468)
- Victoria M. Schneider (4252336)
- Welkin H. Pope (199562)
- William Casazza (4252423)
- William J. Pinamont (4252462)
- Yasmene M. Warrad (4252279)
- Zachary S. Brynell (4252384)
- Zachary T. Vonberg (4252495)
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 17/07/2017
- Field of study
<div><p>The vast bacteriophage population harbors an immense reservoir of genetic information. Almost 2000 phage genomes have been sequenced from phages infecting hosts in the phylum Actinobacteria, and analysis of these genomes reveals substantial diversity, pervasive mosaicism, and novel mechanisms for phage replication and lysogeny. Here, we describe the isolation and genomic characterization of 46 phages from environmental samples at various geographic locations in the U.S. infecting a single <i>Arthrobacter</i> sp. strain. These phages include representatives of all three virion morphologies, and Jasmine is the first sequenced podovirus of an actinobacterial host. The phages also span considerable sequence diversity, and can be grouped into 10 clusters according to their nucleotide diversity, and two singletons each with no close relatives. However, the clusters/singletons appear to be genomically well separated from each other, and relatively few genes are shared between clusters. Genome size varies from among the smallest of siphoviral phages (15,319 bp) to over 70 kbp, and G+C contents range from 45–68%, compared to 63.4% for the host genome. Although temperate phages are common among other actinobacterial hosts, these <i>Arthrobacter</i> phages are primarily lytic, and only the singleton Galaxy is likely temperate.</p></div
Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
- Author
- Abdelrazik M
- Abdullah T
- Abe R
- Abe S
- Abecasis GR
- Abel L
- Abernathy C
- Abraheem A
- Abul-Husn NS
- Acosta-Herrera M
- Acquilini D
- Acquilini D
- Adachi T
- Adachi Y
- Adams C
- Adams K
- Adanini O
- Adeleye O
- Adeniji K
- Adra D
- Afifi N
- Afilalo J
- Afilalo M
- Afolabi D
- Afrasiabi Z
- Afset JE
- Agasou A
- Aghemo A
- Agranoff D
- Agrawal S
- Aguirre LA
- Agwuh K
- Ahmad HF
- Ahmad N
- Ahmed A
- Ahmed C
- Ahmed KA
- Ai M
- Ail D
- Akeroyd L
- Akhtar MN
- Akhtar S
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- zu Bentrup FM
- Zucchi P
- Zwinderman AHK
- Zyndorf M
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3,4,5,6,7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease