2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) is an attractive option for storing renewable electricity and for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals and fuels. In this roadmap, we review recent progress in fundamental understanding, catalyst development, and in engineering and scale-up. We discuss the outstanding challenges towards commercialization of electrochemical CO2R technology: energy efficiencies, selectivities, low current densities, and stability. We highlight the opportunities in establishing rigorous standards for benchmarking performance, advances in in operando characterization, the discovery of new materials towards high value products, the investigation of phenomena across multiple-length scales and the application of data science towards doing so. We hope that this collective perspective sparks new research activities that ultimately bring us a step closer towards establishing a low- or zero-emission carbon cycle.Catalysis and Surface Chemistr

Coming Up Short: The Catholic Church’s Pastoral Response to the Transgender Crisis in America

The Vatican and United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) have issued official responses to the phenomenon of gender diversity, as well as instructions for the education and care of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people in America. However, have these authorities effectively utilized current sociological research to develop and implement contextually appropriate pastoral practices that are lifegiving and to the greatest benefit of this at-risk population? This article argues that they have not and that their recommendations have been linked to increased harm and marginalization. Utilizing Richard Osmer’s framework for practical theological interpretation, this article begins with an overview of the Magisterium’s guidance, followed by a summary of quantitative data gleaned from national surveys, population studies, and demographic analyses that reveals unique experiences of suffering and oppression. The middle sections bring in leading theories and findings from social, health, and medical fields, which illustrate TGD needs and vulnerabilities and expose the Magisterial offices’ dangerous failure to meet or even acknowledge them. The final sections call for a revised pastoral approach grounded in the concrete situations of TGD people and congruent with the Church’s commitment to love, service, and social justice. Good practice models and ethical norms are suggested for immediate incorporation into care and praxis

A bioxponential DWI study in rat brain intracellular oedema

Purpose: To examinethechangesinMRparametersderivedfromdiffusionweightedimaging(DWI) biexponential analysisinaninvivointracellularbrainoedemamodel,andtoapplyelectronmicroscopy (EM) toshedmorelightonthemorphologicalbackgroundofMR-relatedobservations. Materials andmethods: Intracellular oedemawasinducedintenmaleWistarrats(380–450g)bywayof water load,usinga20%bodyweightintraperitonealinjectionof140mmol/Ldextrosesolution.A3TMRI instrument wasusedtoperformserialDWI,andMRspecroscopy(watersignal)measurements.Following the MRexaminationthebrainsoftheanimalswereanalyzedforEM. Results: Following thewaterloadinduction,apparentdiffusioncoefficient(ADC)valuesstarteddeclining from 724±43�m2/s to682±26�m2/s (p < 0.0001). ADC-fast valuesdroppedfrom948±122 to840±66�m2/s (p < 0.001).ADC-slowshowedadecrease from 226±66 to191±74�m2/s (p < 0.05). There wasashiftfromtheslowtothefastcomponentat110mintimepoint.Thepercentageofthefast component demonstratedmoderate,yetsignificantincreasefrom76.56±7.79% to81.2±7.47% (p < 0.05). The watersignalwasincreasingby4.98±3.52% comparedtothebaseline(p < 0.01). The resultsoftheE.M.revealedthatwaterwasdetectedintracellularly,withinastrocyticpreivascular end-feet andcellbodies. Conclusion: The unexpectedvolumefractionchanges(i.e.increaseinfastcomponent)detectedinhypo- tonic oedemaappeartobesubstantiallydifferentfromthoseobservedinstroke.ItmaysuggestthatADC decrease instroke,incontrasttogeneralpresumptions,cannotbeexplainedonlybywatershiftfrom extra tointracellularspace(i.e.intracellularoedema)

2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) is an attractive option for storing renewable electricity and for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals and fuels. In this roadmap, we review recent progress in fundamental understanding, catalyst development, and in engineering and scale-up. We discuss the outstanding challenges towards commercialization of electrochemical CO2R technology: energy efficiencies, selectivities, low current densities, and stability. We highlight the opportunities in establishing rigorous standards for benchmarking performance, advances in in operando characterization, the discovery of new materials towards high value products, the investigation of phenomena across multiple-length scales and the application of data science towards doing so. We hope that this collective perspective sparks new research activities that ultimately bring us a step closer towards establishing a low- or zero-emission carbon cycle

2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) is an attractive option for storing renewable electricity and for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals and fuels. In this roadmap, we review recent progress in fundamental understanding, catalyst development, and in engineering and scale-up. We discuss the outstanding challenges towards commercialization of electrochemical CO2R technology: energy efficiencies, selectivities, low current densities, and stability. We highlight the opportunities in establishing rigorous standards for benchmarking performance, advances in in operando characterization, the discovery of new materials towards high value products, the investigation of phenomena across multiple-length scales and the application of data science towards doing so. We hope that this collective perspective sparks new research activities that ultimately bring us a step closer towards establishing a low- or zero-emission carbon cycle.N