Las músicas amerindias del Chaco argentino entre la hibridación y la exotización

A partir de la obra Qom Llalec (« Hijo de los qom ») del músico toba o qom Romualdo Diarte (Formosa, Argentina), que constituye el primer CD de música indígena producido por la Subsecretaría de Cultura de esa provincia, discutimos el impacto de las recientes políticas culturales en las músicas de estos pueblos. La hipótesis es que en esta obra se evidencia la estrategia política del estado provincial por legitimar el imaginario de una « identidad multicultural » que revaloriza al indígena chaqueño, atendiendo así a las demandas de multiculturalismo y patrimonialización de las políticas nacionales y globales. No obstante, los procesos de hibridación, exotización e invisibilización de lo indígena, también revelan las tensiones y desigualdades que persisten entre gobierno, criollos e indígenas, así como las tácticas de estos últimos para afrontarlas.À partir de l’œuvre Qom Llalec (« Fils des qom ») du musicien toba ou qom Romualdo Diarte (Formosa, Argentine), qui est devenu le premier CD de musique indigène produit par le Sous-Secrétariat de la Culture de cette province, nous avons discuté l’impact des politiques culturelles récentes dans la musique de ces peuples. L’hypothèse est que l’on peut apprécier dans cette œuvre la stratégie politique de l’État provincial pour légitimer l’imaginaire d’une « identité multiculturelle » qui revalorise l’indigène chaqueño, répondant ainsi aux exigences du multiculturalisme et de défense du patrimoine de politiques nationales et mondiales. Cependant, les processus d’hybridation, d’exotisation et d’invisibilisation de l’indigène révèlent aussi les tensions et les inégalités qui persistent dans les relations entre gouvernement, « criollos » et indigènes, ainsi que les tactiques de ces derniers pour les affronter.Starting from the musical piece Qom Llalec (« Son of the Qom ») of Toba or Qom musician Romualdo Diarte (Formosa, Argentina), which became the first CD of indigenous music produced by the Culture Department of this province, we discuss the impact of recent cultural policies in the music of these peoples. The hypothesis is that this musical piece evidences the political strategy of the provincial government for legitimating the imaginary of a « multicultural identity » that revalorizes the Chaco Indians, responding in this way to demands of multiculturalism and patrimonialization of national and global policies. Nevertheless, the processes of hybridization, exoticization and invisibilization of the indigenous also reveal the tensions and inequalities that persist in the relationships among government, creoles and indigenous people, as well as the tactics of the latter to address them

“É um exemplo, não somente para os da sua raça qom, mas para toda a mocidade de Formosa”. O patrimônio cultural e a música indígena na controversa política da província de Formosa

Analizamos las políticas culturales emprendidas recientemente en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina, respecto del patrimonio cultural inmaterial indígena y, en especial, de la música de los tobas o qom. Nuestra hipótesis es que el gobierno provincial ha tendido a instrumentalizar estratégicamente estas políticas culturales, para crear la imagen de una administración que ideológicamente adhiere a los discursos globalizados impuestos a las democracias (como el “multiculturalismo” y la “salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural”), y a su vez, para legitimar un imaginario provincial sobre el “ser formoseño” que, si bien se reconoce “pluricultural”, invisibiliza a los indígenas contemporáneos, enmascarando conflictos y desigualdades.We analyze recent cultural policy in the province of Formosa, Argentina, regarding indigenous intangible cultural heritage, particularly the music of the Toba or Qom. Our hypothesis is that the provincial government has strategically instrumentalized these cultural policies in order to create the image of an administration that ideologically endorses global discourses imposed on democracies (such as “multiculturalism” and “the safeguarding of cultural heritage”). At the same time this legitimizes a provincial imaginary of “being Formoseño” that identifies itself as “multicultural” but on the other hand invisibilizes contemporary indigenous people, masking conflicts and inequalities.Analisamos as políticas culturais empreendidas recentemente na província de Formosa, Argentina, no que diz respeito ao patrimônio cultural imaterial indígena e especialmente a música dos índios tobas ou qom. A nossa hipótese é a de que o governo provincial tem-se inclinado a instrumentalizar estrategicamente estas políticas culturais para, de um lado, criar a imagem de uma administração que ideologicamente aderiria aos mandados globalizados que se impõem às  políticas democráticas (como o “multiculturalismo”, e a “salvaguarda do patrimônio cultural”) e, do outro, para legitimar um imaginário provincial sobre o ser formosenho que, ainda se reconhecendo “pluricultural”, invisibiliza aos indígenas contemporâneos, mascarando conflitos e desigualdades

“This is an example not only for their Qom race but for all the youth of Formosa”: Cultural heritage and indigenous music in Formosa’s controversial politics

Analizamos las políticas culturales emprendidas recientemente en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina, respecto del patrimonio cultural inmaterial indígena y, en especial, de la música de los tobas o qom. Nuestra hipótesis es que el gobierno provincial ha tendido a instrumentalizar estratégicamente estas políticas culturales, para crear la imagen de una administración que ideológicamente adhiere a los discursos globalizados impuestos a las democracias (como el "multiculturalismo" y la "salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural"), y a su vez, para legitimar un imaginario provincial sobre el "ser formoseño" que, si bien se reconoce "pluricultural", invisibiliza a los indígenas contemporáneos, enmascarando conflictos y desigualdades.We analyze recent cultural policy in the province of Formosa, Argentina, regarding indigenous intangible cultural heritage, particularly the music of the Toba or Qom. Our hypothesis is that the provincial government has strategically instrumentalized these cultural policies in order to create the image of an administration that ideologically endorses global discourses imposed on democracies (such as “multiculturalism” and “the safeguarding of cultural heritage”). At the same time this legitimizes a provincial imaginary of “being Formoseño” that identifies itself as “multicultural” but on the other hand invisibilizes contemporary indigenous people, masking conflicts and inequalities.Fil: Citro, Silvia Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Torres Agüero, Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

“This is an example not only for their Qom race but for all the youth of Formosa”: Cultural heritage and indigenous music in Formosa’s controversial politics

Analizamos las políticas culturales emprendidas recientemente en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina, respecto del patrimonio cultural inmaterial indígena y, en especial, de la música de los tobas o qom. Nuestra hipótesis es que el gobierno provincial ha tendido a instrumentalizar estratégicamente estas políticas culturales, para crear la imagen de una administración que ideológicamente adhiere a los discursos globalizados impuestos a las democracias (como el "multiculturalismo" y la "salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural"), y a su vez, para legitimar un imaginario provincial sobre el "ser formoseño" que, si bien se reconoce "pluricultural", invisibiliza a los indígenas contemporáneos, enmascarando conflictos y desigualdades.We analyze recent cultural policy in the province of Formosa, Argentina, regarding indigenous intangible cultural heritage, particularly the music of the Toba or Qom. Our hypothesis is that the provincial government has strategically instrumentalized these cultural policies in order to create the image of an administration that ideologically endorses global discourses imposed on democracies (such as “multiculturalism” and “the safeguarding of cultural heritage”). At the same time this legitimizes a provincial imaginary of “being Formoseño” that identifies itself as “multicultural” but on the other hand invisibilizes contemporary indigenous people, masking conflicts and inequalities.Fil: Citro, Silvia Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Torres Agüero, Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Ciclo "Trayectorias": Reflexiones en torno a un archivo público audiovisual virtual sobre las prácticas profesionales en Antropología

En el año 2008 un grupo de graduadas se propuso impulsar la creación del Ciclo de encuentros "Trayectorias" en el marco del Colegio de Graduados en Antropología de la República Argentina. En el mismo se realizan entrevistas a antropólogos/as locales y regionales que se centran en su trayectoria biográfica y su práctica profesional. El objetivo de este proyecto fue construir un Archivo Videográfico Público Virtual, que por un lado, plasme en un registro audiovisual las biografías de quienes han aportado al desarrollo de la Antropología local y/o regional, y por otro lado contribuir a la reflexión de la disciplina sobre la práctica profesional situada.A más de diez años de iniciado el Ciclo, y con 30 entrevistas realizadas y 28 publicadas, identificamos nuevos y diversos usos sobre el Archivo: su utilización para dirimir públicamente sobre la conformación del campo de la Antropología local por parte de los sujetos involucrados, es decir los/as entrevistados/as; su uso para el subcampo de la historia de la Antropología, es decir por parte de investigadores/as especializados/as; y por último, para presentar la Antropología local a no antropólogos/as o antropólogas/as en formación por parte de docentes en distintos niveles del sistema educativo. En este artículo presentaremos la creación de este Archivo y estos usos identificados para dar cuenta de distintas aristas de un mismo proceso: la presentación de la antropología como campo de conocimiento y como práctica profesional, tanto al interior del mismo como hacia las/os no antropólogas/as interesadas/os en una primera aproximación.In the year 2008 a group of graduates set out to promote the creation of the Cycle of meetings "Trajectories" within the framework of the College of Graduates in Anthropology of the Argentine Republic. In it, interviews are conducted with local and regional anthropologists that focus on their biographical career and professional practice. The objective of this project was to build a Virtual Public Videographic Archive, which, on the one hand, captures in an audiovisual record the biographies of those who have contributed to the development of local and/or regional Anthropology, and on the other hand, aims at contributing to the reflection around the discipline on situated professional practice. More than ten years into the Cycle, and with 30 interviews carried out and 28 published, we identified new and diverse uses of the Archive: its use to publicly decide on the conformation of the field of local Anthropology by the subjects involved; its use for the subfield of the history of Anthropology, that is, by specialized researchers; and finally, to present local anthropology to non-anthropologists in training by teachers at different levels of the educational system. In this article we will present the creation of this Archive and these identified uses to account for different edges of the same process: the presentation of anthropology as a field of knowledge and as a professional practice, both within it and towards non-anthropologists interested in a first approach to the subject.Fil: Torres Agüero, Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gesteira, María Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hirsch, María Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

"Es un ejemplo no solamente para los de su raza qom sino para toda la juventud formoseña": El patrimonio cultural inmaterial y la música indígena en la controvertida política formoseña

We analyze recent cultural policy in the province of Formosa, Argentina, regarding indigenous intangible cultural heritage, particularly the music of the Toba or Qom. Our hypothesis is that the provincial government has strategically instrumentalized these cultural policies in order to create the image of an administration that ideologically endorses global discourses imposed on democracies (such as “multiculturalism” and “the safeguarding of cultural heritage”). At the same time this legitimizes a provincial imaginary of “being Formoseño” that identifies itself as “multicultural” but on the other hand invisibilizes contemporary indigenous people, masking conflicts and inequalities.Analisamos as políticas culturais empreendidas recentemente na província de Formosa, Argentina, no que diz respeito ao patrimônio cultural imaterial indígena e especialmente a música dos índios tobas ou qom. A nossa hipótese é a de que o governo provincial tem-se inclinado a instrumentalizar estrategicamente estas políticas culturais para, de um lado, criar a imagem de uma administração que ideologicamente aderiria aos mandados globalizados que se impõem às  políticas democráticas (como o “multiculturalismo”, e a “salvaguarda do patrimônio cultural”) e, do outro, para legitimar um imaginário provincial sobre o ser formosenho que, ainda se reconhecendo “pluricultural”, invisibiliza aos indígenas contemporâneos, mascarando conflitos e desigualdades.Analizamos las políticas culturales emprendidas recientemente en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina, respecto del patrimonio cultural inmaterial indígena y, en especial, de la música de los tobas o qom. Nuestra hipótesis es que el gobierno provincial ha tendido a instrumentalizar estratégicamente estas políticas culturales, para crear la imagen de una administración que ideológicamente adhiere a los discursos globalizados impuestos a las democracias (como el “multiculturalismo” y la “salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural”), y a su vez, para legitimar un imaginario provincial sobre el “ser formoseño” que, si bien se reconoce “pluricultural”, invisibiliza a los indígenas contemporáneos, enmascarando conflictos y desigualdades

“É um exemplo, não somente para os da sua raça qom, mas para toda a mocidade de Formosa”. O patrimônio cultural e a música indígena na controversa política da província de Formosa

Analizamos las políticas culturales emprendidas recientemente en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina, respecto del patrimonio cultural inmaterial indígena y, en especial, de la música de los tobas o qom. Nuestra hipótesis es que el gobierno provincial ha tendido a instrumentalizar estratégicamente estas políticas culturales, para crear la imagen de una administración que ideológicamente adhiere a los discursos globalizados impuestos a las democracias (como el “multiculturalismo” y la “salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural”), y a su vez, para legitimar un imaginario provincial sobre el “ser formoseño” que, si bien se reconoce “pluricultural”, invisibiliza a los indígenas contemporáneos, enmascarando conflictos y desigualdades.We analyze recent cultural policy in the province of Formosa, Argentina, regarding indigenous intangible cultural heritage, particularly the music of the Toba or Qom. Our hypothesis is that the provincial government has strategically instrumentalized these cultural policies in order to create the image of an administration that ideologically endorses global discourses imposed on democracies (such as “multiculturalism” and “the safeguarding of cultural heritage”). At the same time this legitimizes a provincial imaginary of “being Formoseño” that identifies itself as “multicultural” but on the other hand invisibilizes contemporary indigenous people, masking conflicts and inequalities.Analisamos as políticas culturais empreendidas recentemente na província de Formosa, Argentina, no que diz respeito ao patrimônio cultural imaterial indígena e especialmente a música dos índios tobas ou qom. A nossa hipótese é a de que o governo provincial tem-se inclinado a instrumentalizar estrategicamente estas políticas culturais para, de um lado, criar a imagem de uma administração que ideologicamente aderiria aos mandados globalizados que se impõem às  políticas democráticas (como o “multiculturalismo”, e a “salvaguarda do patrimônio cultural”) e, do outro, para legitimar um imaginário provincial sobre o ser formosenho que, ainda se reconhecendo “pluricultural”, invisibiliza aos indígenas contemporâneos, mascarando conflitos e desigualdades

"Es un ejemplo no solamente para los de su raza qom sino para toda la juventud formoseña": El patrimonio cultural inmaterial y la música indígena en la controvertida política formoseña "É um exemplo, não somente para os da sua raça qom, mas para toda a mocidade de Formosa": O patrimônio cultural e a música indígena na controversa política da província de Formosa "This is an example not only for their Qom race but for all the youth of Formosa": Cultural heritage and indigenous music in Formosa's controversial politics

Analizamos las políticas culturales emprendidas recientemente en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina, respecto del patrimonio cultural inmaterial indígena y, en especial, de la música de los tobas o qom. Nuestra hipótesis es que el gobierno provincial ha tendido a instrumentalizar estratégicamente estas políticas culturales, para crear la imagen de una administración que ideológicamente adhiere a los discursos globalizados impuestos a las democracias (como el "multiculturalismo" y la "salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural"), y a su vez, para legitimar un imaginario provincial sobre el "ser formoseño" que, si bien se reconoce "pluricultural", invisibiliza a los indígenas contemporáneos, enmascarando conflictos y desigualdades.Analisamos as políticas culturais empreendidas recentemente na província de Formosa, Argentina, no que diz respeito ao patrimônio cultural imaterial indígena e especialmente a música dos índios tobas ou qom. A nossa hipótese é a de que o governo provincial tem-se inclinado a instrumentalizar estrategicamente estas políticas culturais para, de um lado, criar a imagem de uma administração que ideologicamente aderiria aos mandados globalizados que se impõem às políticas democráticas (como o "multiculturalismo", e a "salvaguarda do patrimônio cultural") e, do outro, para legitimar um imaginário provincial sobre o ser formosenho que, ainda se reconhecendo "pluricultural", invisibiliza aos indígenas contemporâneos, mascarando conflitos e desigualdades.We analyze recent cultural policy in the province of Formosa, Argentina, regarding indigenous intangible cultural heritage, particularly the music of the Toba or Qom. Our hypothesis is that the provincial government has strategically instrumentalized these cultural policies in order to create the image of an administration that ideologically endorses global discourses imposed on democracies (such as "multiculturalism" and "the safeguarding of cultural heritage"). At the same time this legitimizes a provincial imaginary of "being Formoseño" that identifies itself as "multicultural" but on the other hand invisibilizes contemporary indigenous people, masking conflicts and inequalities