566 research outputs found
Analysis of lipid and lipid-fractions of some freshwater fishes and their inter-relationship
Two fish species each from carnivorous (Clarias batrachus, Channa punctatus), omnivorous (Cyprinus carpio, Cirrhinus reba), and plankton feeder (Catla catla, Labeo rohita) were collected from freshwater sources under natural habitat to study their total lipid (TL) and lipid-fractions. Significant relationship between these parameters was also worked out. The variation of total lipid and lipid-fractions in tissues of freshwater fishes were not
significantly different (P>0.05). But a higher trend of total lipid and glyceride (TGL) contents were found in carnivores followed by omnivores and least in plankton feeders. The trend was reverse for total phospholipid, cholesterol and free fatty acids. TGL content in all class of fishes was significantly related with TL (P<0.01), phospholipid (PL) (P<0.001), cholesterol (P<0.05), free fatty acids (P<0.05) and monoglycerides (P<0.001). Similarly total lipid was linearly related with total glycerides (TL=-3.02 + 0.10 TGL) and phospholipid (TL=7.13-0.12 PL). From this study it is concluded that almost all lipid-fractions of freshwater fishes can be predicted easily from total lipid content of the tissue
Optimized Hybrid Optical Communication System for First Mile and Last Mile Problem Solution of Today's Optical Network
AbstractWe have proposed an optimized hybrid optical communication system for bit-rates of 160Gbps/channel, 100Gbps/channel and 40Gbps/channel. The system composed of 8-channel dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) fiber optic link for longhaul, and wireless optical diffused link for short-haul, multicasting applications. The use of wireless optical diffused links at either end, solve the today's first mile and last mile problem of optical communication network. The wireless optical diffused link uses the optimized coherent optical quadrature phase shift keying modulation technique, as it offers the best performance in the presence of atmospheric turbulence effect. However, the fiber based DWDM system uses symmetrical dispersion compensation technique, with optimized modified duo-binary return-to-zero modulation format as it performs the best, in the presence of fiber non-linearity and dispersion. The system operates with the centre frequency of 193.1THz. The system performance is analyzed in terms of quality-factor, bit error rate, eye opening etc. For the bit rate of 160Gbps, the optimized coverage distance found is 126m of wireless optical diffused link and 450km of fiber optic link. The proposed system will be highly useful for present and next generation long distance optical communication systems and computer networks
Assessment of III-V FinFETs at 20nm Node: A Process Variation Analysis
AbstractThe endless miniaturization of Si based MOSFETs has the key for driving the electronic revolution. However, scaling of the channel length is the enormous challenge to preserve the performance in terms of speed, power and electrostatic integrity at each technology nodes. Subsequently all researchers have been analyzing new device materials and architectures to fix this challenge. After continuous development in the areas of devices and materials have lastly conveyed III-V MOSFETs with high channel mobility. This paper is a discussion about the impact of fin height (HFin) and fin width (WFin) of a GaAs-FinFET, which affect the reliability of the device in view of various performance measures. A detailed analysis about the impact of geometry parameters like (HFin) and (WFin) on the static or low frequency performances like threshold voltage (Vth), on-off ratio (Ion/Ioff), power dissipation, subthreshold slope (SS), transconductance (gm), early voltage (VEA), gain (AV) and dynamic or high frequency performances as gate capacitance (Cgg), cut-off frequency (fT), delay (CV/I), energy (CV2), energy delay product (EDP) are systematically presented
Review on Chemical treatment of Industrial Waste Water
Industrialization played an important role for scio-economy of the
country. Generally, a lot of water is used and lot of wastewater
generated from industries due their processes and washing purpose. A
large number of chemicals are used for the production of potable water
and in the treatment of wastewater effluents. In potable water
treatment chemicals such as inorganic salts and polymeric organic
coagulants are used for primary coagulation, as coagulant aids and for
sludge dewatering; lime and soda ash allowed for pH correction and
water stabilization; caustic soda is used for pH adjustment, powdered
activated carbon (PAC) can remove taste and odour compounds and micro
pollutants such as atrazine, bentonite aid's coagulation, and ammonium
hydroxide is used in chloramination. The main object of review is focus
on research work done as well as the basic concept behind treatment and
application by the researcher on different industry's waste-water
treatment. \ua9JASE
Hot Nuclear Matter in Asymmetry Chiral Sigma Model
In the frame work of SU(2) chiral sigma model, the nuclear matter properties
at zero and finite temperature have been investigated. We have analyzed the
nuclear matter equation of state by varying different parameters, which agrees
well with the one derived from the heavy-ion collision experiment at extreme
densities and reliable realistic(DBHF) model at low density region. We have
then calculated the temperature dependent asymmetric nuclear matter, also
investigated the critical temperature of liquid gas phase transition and
compared with the experimental data. We found that the critical temperature in
our model is in the range of 14-20 MeV.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Nuclear Physics
Sum Uncertainty Relation in Quantum Theory
We prove a new sum uncertainty relation in quantum theory which states that
the uncertainty in the sum of two or more observables is always less than or
equal to the sum of the uncertainties in corresponding observables. This shows
that the quantum mechanical uncertainty in any observable is a convex function.
We prove that if we have a finite number of identically prepared quantum
systems, then a joint measurement of any observable gives an error
less than that of the individual measurements. This has application in quantum
metrology that aims to give better precision in the parameter estimation.
Furthermore, this proves that a quantum system evolves slowly under the action
of a sum Hamiltonian than the sum of individuals, even if they are
non-commuting.Comment: LaTeX file, no figure, 4 page
Quark Hadron Phase Transition and Hybrid Stars
We investigate the properties of hybrid stars consisting of quark matter in
the core and hadron matter in outer region. The hadronic and quark matter
equations of state are calculated by using nonlinear Walecka model and chiral
colour dielectric (CCD) model respectively. We find that the phase transition
from hadron to quark matter is possible in a narrow range of the parameters of
nonlinear Walecka and CCD models. The transition is strong or weak first order
depending on the parameters used. The EOS thus obtained, is used to study the
properties of hybrid stars. We find that the calculated hybrid star properties
are similar to those of pure neutron stars.Comment: 25 pages in LaTex and 9 figures available on request, IP/BBSR/94-3
SPA+RPA approach to canonical and grandcanonical treatments of nuclear level densities
Using an exactly solvable pairing model Hamiltonian in the static path
approximation together with small-amplitude quantal fluctuation corrections in
random phase approximation (SPA+RPA), we have analyzed the behaviour of
canonical (number projected) and grandcanonical treatments of nuclear level
densities as a function of temperature and number of particles. For small
particle numbers at a low temperature, we find that though the grandcanonical
partition function in SPA+RPA approach is quite close to its exact value, the
small errors in its estimation causes significant suppression of level density
obtained using number projected partition function. The results are also
compared with the smoothed out exact values of level density. Within this model
study, it appears that due to saddle point approximation to multiple
Laplace-back transform, the grandcanonical treatment of level density at low
temperature may be reliable only for relatively large number of particles.Comment: 11 pages(LaTex), figure available by the author, accepted for
publication in Physics Letters
Differential Flow of Protons in Au+Au Collisions at AGS Energies
We study the proton sideward and elliptic differential flow for Au+Au
collisions at AGS energies (2 -- 8 A cdot GeV) in a microscopic relativistic
transport model that includes all baryon resonances up to a mass of 2 GeV as
well as string degrees of freedom for the higher hadronic excitations. In order
to explore the sensitivity of the various differential flows to the nuclear
equation of state (EoS) we use three different parameterizations of the scalar-
and vector mean-fields, i.e. NL2 (soft), NL23 (medium) and NL3 (hard), with
their momentum dependence fitted to the experimental Schrodinger equivalent
potential (at normal nuclear matter density rho_0) up to kinetic energies of 1
GeV. We calculate the excitation function of sideward and elliptic flow within
these parameter sets for Au+Au collisions and compare with the recent data from
the E895 Collaboration as a function of rapidity, impact parameter and
transverse momentum, respectively. We find that the best description of the
differential data is provided by a rather 'stiff' EoS at 2 A cdot GeV (NL3)
while at higher bombarding energies (4--8 A cdot GeV) a 'medium' EoS leads to
the lowest chi^2 with respect to the data. However, the differences in the
transverse and elliptic flows (from the different parameter sets) become of
minor significance at 4--8 A cdot GeV. We attribute this insensitivity to a
similar reduction of the vector potential in all models and to the dominance of
string degrees of freedom at these bombarding energies.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, submitted for publicatio
Baryon flow from SIS to AGS energies
We analyze the baryon sideward and elliptic flow from SIS (0.25 2 A
GeV) to AGS (2 GeV) energies for Au + Au collisions in the
relativistic transport model RBUU that includes all baryon resonances up to a
mass of 2 GeV as well as string degrees of freedom for the higher mass
continuum. There are two factors which dominantly determine the baryon flow at
these energies: the momentum dependence of the scalar and vector potentials and
the resonance-string degrees of freedom. We fix the explicit momentum
dependence of the nucleon-meson couplings within the NL3 parameter set by the
nucleon optical potential up to 1 GeV of kinetic energy. When assuming the
optical potential to vanish identically for GeV we
simultaneously reproduce the sideward flow data of the FOPI, EOS, E895 and E877
collaborations, the elliptic flow data of the EOS, E895 and E877
collaborations, and approximately the rapidity and transverse mass distribution
of protons at AGS energies. The gradual change from hadronic to string degrees
of freedom with increasing bombarding energy can be viewed as a transition from
{\it hadronic} to {\it string} matter, i.e. a dissolution of hadrons.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, corrected the figures and the tex
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