Estudio de la función hipotálamo-hipófiso-tiroidea en recién nacidos prematuros de 30-36 semanas de gestación

Consultable des del TDXTítol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaLa función hipotálamo-hipófiso-tiroidea madura progresivamente durante el desarrollo fetal. A lo largo de la segunda mitad de la gestación se incrementa la síntesis de hormonas tiroideas por el feto de manera que el recién nacido a término produce la cantidad suficiente de hormonas tiroideas para adaptarse a la vida extrauterina. Sin embargo, esto puede no suceder en los recién nacidos prematuros (RNPT) en los que la inmadurez fetal y las enfermedades asociadas pueden traducirse en una hipotiroxinemia durante las primeras semanas de vida postnatal. El aumento importante del número de RNPT en estos últimos años y la asociación de la hipotiroxinemia neonatal con alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo posterior, subrayan la necesidad de monitorizar la función tiroidea en estos niños durante los primeros meses de vida, y plantear si dicha hipotiroxinemia debe ser tratada o no. Hemos realizado un estudio prospectivo longitudinal de la función tiroidea en 153 RNPT de 30-36 semanas de gestación. Hemos determinado mediante inmunoquimioluminiscencia los valores séricos de TSH, T4, T4L y T3 , y mediante radioinmunoensayo los valores de rT3 , a la madre y en cordón en el momento del parto, y al prematuro a la hora , a las 24 horas, 1 semana, 3 semanas, 2 meses, 4 meses, 6 meses, 9 meses, 12 meses, 18 y 24 meses de edad postnatal. Hemos comparado la función tiroidea de los RNPT sanos (n=75) , con la función tiroidea de los recién nacidos a término sanos de nuestro hospital a las 24 horas (n=22) y con los datos obtenidos de la literatura. Nuestros datos muestran que la función tiroidea individual de los RNPT sanos es similar a la de los recién nacidos a término desde las 24 horas de vida. En ningún tiempo evaluado observamos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las medias de los valores de TSH, T4L y rT3 entre las diferentes edades gestacionales, excepto para la TSH a la hora y 24 horas del grupo de 30 semanas de gestación, que presenta valores inferiores. Los valores de TSH y de T4L durante las primeras 24 horas no están influenciados por la diabetes gestacional, la gestación múltiple, la terapia prenatal con dexametasona y beta2 simpaticomiméticos, la corioamnionitis, peso de nacimiento, sexo y tipo de parto. Estos datos indican que en los RNPT sanos el nacimiento es un poderosos estímulo para la secreción de TSH tal como ocurre en los recién nacidos a término, y sugiere que el programa de screening neonatal de hipotiroidismo (evaluación de TSH) se puede realizar en estos niños, con los mismos criterios aplicados a los recién nacidos a término. Presentamos los valores de referencia de hormonas tiroideas para los RNPT desde sangre de cordón hasta los dos años de edad postnatal. Hemos evaluado la función tiroidea de 78 RNPT patológicos de 30-36 semanas de gestación y la hemos comparado con la función tiroidea de los 75 RNPT sanos de la misma edad postnatal. Los RNPT patológicos pueden presentar hipotiroxinemia en el curso de los dos primeros meses de vida. La hipotiroxinemia se relaciona con la cantidad y severidad de la patología, y con el grado de inmadurez (edad gestacional y peso de nacimiento). La hipotiroxinemia es de origen central en la mayoría de los casos. El tratamiento con dopamina los primeros días de vida se asocia a hipotiroxinemia. Se ha documentado una alta asociación entre la persistencia del conducto arterioso y la hipotiroxinemia durante las primeras 24 horas de vida. Recomendamos valorar individualmente la función tiroidea en todos los RNPT patológicos durante los dos primeros meses de edad. Habría que considerar el tratamiento sustitutivo con hormonas tiroideas en aquellos prematuros con hipotiroxinemia.Hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid function matures progressively during fetal development. Along the second half of gestation increases the synthesis of fetal thyroid hormones so that the full-term newborn produce the quantity enough of thyroid hormones for adaptation to extrauterine life. However, this may not be so in preterm infants in whom fetal immaturity and associated diseases may result in hypothyroxinemia during the first weeks of postnatal life. The growing number of preterm infants in the last years and the association of neonatal hypothyroxinemia with neurodevelopmental disorders later in life, underline the need for monitoring thyroid function in them during the early months of life, and also questions if this hypothyroxinemia should be treated or not. We have achieved a prospective and longitudinal study of thyroid function in 153 preterm newborns 30-36 weeks of gestational age. We have measured by immunochemoluminescence serum TSH, T4, freeT4 and T3, and by radioimmunoassay serum rT3, in the mother and in the cord at the time of delivery, and in the preterm infants at 1 hour, 24 hours, 1 week, 3 weeks, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 and 24 months of postnatal age. We have compared the thyroid function of healthy preterm newborns (n=75), to that of those of healthy full-term infants of the same postnatal age from our own hospital at 24 hours (n=22) and from the data previously reported at the other evaluations. Our data show that individual thyroid function was similar in healthy preterm newborn and full-terms from the first 24 hours of life. At none of the times evaluated were statically-significant differences observed in the overage measure of mean TSH, freeT4 and rT3 values among different gestational ages evaluated, except for one- and 24-hour TSH values at 30 weeks of gestational age, which were significantly lower. TSH and free T4 values during the first 24 hours of life were not influenced significantly by gestational diabetes, multiple pregnancy, prenatal therapy with dexametasona and beta2 sympatheticomimetics, corioamnionitis, birth weight, sex and type of delivery . These data show that in healthy preterm infants birth is a powerful stimulus for TSH secretion as occurs in full-term newborn and suggest that the neonatal hypothyroidism screening program (TSH evaluation) may be conducted in them, with the same criteria applied to those in full-term newborns. We present the reference thyroid hormones values for preterm infants from cord blood until two years of postnatal age. We have evaluated thyroid function in 78 sick preterm newborns 30-36 weeks of gestational age and compared it to that of 75 healthy preterm newborns of the same postnatal age. Sick preterm neonates shows have hypothyroxinemia during the first 2 months of life. The hypothyroxinemia is related to the number of pathologic episodes and the gravity of perinatal disease, and with the immaturity (gestational age and weight). The hypothyroxinemia is of central origin in the great majority of cases. Dopamine therapy in the first days of life results in hypothyroxinemia. A high association between hypothyroxinemia and patent ductus arteriosus has also been documented during the first 24 hours of life. Individual evaluation of thyroid function is recommended in all sick preterm infants of 30-36 weeks of gestational age during the first two months of postnatal age. Thyroid function replacement therapy should be taking into consideration in those with low serum free T4 values

Las arcillas en sociedad: reconstruyendo el pasado y modelando el futuro. La Sociedad Española de Arcillas (SEA)

Se hace referencia a la historia de la Sociedad Española de Arcillas (SEA), una de las Sociedades científicas más veteranas de España, a la ciencia en torno a la que se proyecta, y a las perspectivas y objetivos que acompañan a la misma. El comienzo de esta sociedad científica se sitúa en 1959 con la fundación del grupo español de Minerales de la Arcilla (GEMA), que dio lugar a la SEA en 1971, la cual va camino de cumplir 64 años

Pobreza en la ocupación e instrumentos de reacción

Unión Europea,Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional DER2015-63701-C3-1-

Detection of kinase domain mutations in BCR::ABL1 leukemia by ultra-deep sequencing of genomic DNA

The screening of the BCR::ABL1 kinase domain (KD) mutation has become a routine analysis in case of warning/failure for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Philadelphia (Ph)-positive patients. In this study, we present a novel DNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodology for KD ABL1 mutation detection and monitoring with a 1.0E−4 sensitivity. This approach was validated with a well-stablished RNA-based nested NGS method. The correlation of both techniques for the quantification of ABL1 mutations was high (Pearson r = 0.858, p < 0.001), offering DNA-DeepNGS a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 82%. The clinical impact was studied in a cohort of 129 patients (n = 67 for CML and n = 62 for B-ALL patients). A total of 162 samples (n = 86 CML and n = 76 B-ALL) were studied. Of them, 27 out of 86 harbored mutations (6 in warning and 21 in failure) for CML, and 13 out of 76 (2 diagnostic and 11 relapse samples) did in B-ALL patients. In addition, in four cases were detected mutation despite BCR::ABL1 < 1%. In conclusion, we were able to detect KD ABL1 mutations with a 1.0E−4 sensitivity by NGS using DNA as starting material even in patients with low levels of disease.Tis project was funded in part by CRIS CANCER FOUNDATION

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020

[EN] Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3,4,5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes.S

Adaptation of sea turtles to climate warming: Will phenological responses be sufficient to counteract changes in reproductive output?

© 2023 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Sea turtles are vulnerable to climate change since their reproductive output is influenced by incubating temperatures, with warmer temperatures causing lower hatching success and increased feminization of embryos. Their ability to cope with projected increases in ambient temperatures will depend on their capacity to adapt to shifts in climatic regimes. Here, we assessed the extent to which phenological shifts could mitigate impacts from increases in ambient temperatures (from 1.5 to 3°C in air temperatures and from 1.4 to 2.3°C in sea surface temperatures by 2100 at our sites) on four species of sea turtles, under a “middle of the road” scenario (SSP2-4.5). Sand temperatures at sea turtle nesting sites are projected to increase from 0.58 to 4.17°C by 2100 and expected shifts in nesting of 26–43 days earlier will not be sufficient to maintain current incubation temperatures at 7 (29%) of our sites, hatching success rates at 10 (42%) of our sites, with current trends in hatchling sex ratio being able to be maintained at half of the sites. We also calculated the phenological shifts that would be required (both backward for an earlier shift in nesting and forward for a later shift) to keep up with present-day incubation temperatures, hatching success rates, and sex ratios. The required shifts backward in nesting for incubation temperatures ranged from −20 to −191 days, whereas the required shifts forward ranged from +54 to +180 days. However, for half of the sites, no matter the shift the median incubation temperature will always be warmer than the 75th percentile of current ranges. Given that phenological shifts will not be able to ameliorate predicted changes in temperature, hatching success and sex ratio at most sites, turtles may need to use other adaptive responses and/or there is the need to enhance sea turtle resilience to climate warming.Peer reviewe

Capitulo 2. Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Tecnología

La diseminación de la Levitación Magnética, a pesar de lo antiguo de su tecnología, ha sido limitada. Debido a sus inconvenientes prácticos de implementación, su uso es bastante restringido, comparado con otras tecnologías (SCMaglev japonés, Transrapid alemán, o productos comerciales para ocio y entretenimiento). Con el boom de las tecnologías limpias y amigables con el medio ambiente y en concordancia con los objetivos del milenio, es pertinente plantearse el objetivo de optimizar el proceso de Levitación Magnética para generar un aprovechamiento de las ventajas de esta tecnología a nivel mecánico, eléctrico, y ambiental.&nbsp; Actualmente la UNAD adelanta un proyecto de investigación cuyo objetivo es generar un modelo físico matemático de levitación magnética para aplicaciones en ingeniería. De este proyecto se ha derivado una primera revisión sistemática de los principios físicos y los modelos vigentes en Levitación Magnética

Investigamos y conocemos nuestra cultura pasiega

El trabajo no ha sido publicado. Resumen basado en ficha elaborada por los autoresSe lleva a cabo en el CP El Castañal por parte de 10 profesores del centro. Sus objetivos son: facilitar una vía de conocimiento y transmisión, dando a conocer su cultura popular; valorar de forma positiva la identificación con su propia cultura, sintiéndose orgullosos de formar parte de ella; motivar a los alumnos para que nazca en ellos el deseo por investigar; impulsar el espíritu colaborador en las diferentes aulas del centro; a través del conocimiento del entorno físico, fomentar actitudes de respeto y cuidado de este; complementar los objetivos propios de cada área curricular, en la medida de lo posible, para enriquecer el trabajo diario; acercar a los niños las tradiciones y costumbres de los pasiegos; conseguir la implicación y colaboración de personas que puedan adoptar información significativa. Para ellos se han realizado varias actividades de todo tipo, fomentando el trabajo en grupo y usando a los familiares de los alumnos como fuente de información y 'contadores'. Además se han relacionado las actividades típicas del centro (navidad, carnaval, etc.) con esta temática. Los integrantes del grupo de trabajo consideran que el desarrollo de todas estas actividades ha sido muy positivo. Se han empleado multitud de materiales (audiovisual, informático, etc.).Consejería de Educación y Juventud de CantabriaCantabriaES