Intercollegiate Wine Business Invitational

Nathan Saragoza, Ally Bushman, Cassidy Robinson, Hanna Bingham, Sam Weymouth, and Luca Mallon discuss student engagement at Linfield College with regard to their participation in the Intercollegiate Wine Business Invitational.https://digitalcommons.linfield.edu/inauguration2019_students/1015/thumbnail.jp

An empirical review of the different variants of the Probabilistic Affinity Index as applied to scientific collaboration

Responsible indicators are crucial for research assessment and monitoring. Transparency and accuracy of indicators are required to make research assessment fair and ensure reproducibility. However, sometimes it is difficult to conduct or replicate studies based on indicators due to the lack of transparency in conceptualization and operationalization. In this paper, we review the different variants of the Probabilistic Affinity Index (PAI), considering both the conceptual and empirical underpinnings. We begin with a review of the historical development of the indicator and the different alternatives proposed. To demonstrate the utility of the indicator, we demonstrate the application of PAI to identifying preferred partners in scientific collaboration. A streamlined procedure is provided, to demonstrate the variations and appropriate calculations. We then compare the results of implementation for five specific countries involved in international scientific collaboration. Despite the different proposals on its calculation, we do not observe large differences between the PAI variants, particularly with respect to country size. As with any indicator, the selection of a particular variant is dependent on the research question. To facilitate appropriate use, we provide recommendations for the use of the indicator given specific contexts.Comment: 35 pages, 3 figures, 5 table

Bridging the theory and practice of eliciting the voices of young children::findings from the Look Who’s Talking Project

To foster children and young people’s skills, dispositions and understanding that underpin a voice agenda, practices need to be developed that support this from the earliest age. This article explores issues relating to this complex, challenging and under-researched area from the perspective of practitioners working with children aged from birth to seven. Using vignettes of practice, we explore practical and pedagogical examples and take the opportunity to deepen our understanding of the elicitation of voice through the lens of the eight factors previously identified in the Look Who’s Talking Project. Through this approach we highlight practices that elicit voice as a key element of children’s rights in a localised way, and exemplify productive connections between theory and practice

"I don't go to Meetings": Understanding Farmer Perspectives on Bovine TB and Biosecurity Training

In 2016, a veterinary service company, XL Farmcare UK, was awarded a Defra contract to manage a series of on-farm demonstration workshops to raise biosecurity awareness. The workshops provided free training for cattle farmers in England on the practical measures that they could take to limit the threat of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Despite communicating these events to farmers, the number who subsequently attended them was low and the company decided to conduct research to seek explanation. Farmers were interviewed at agricultural shows, their comments analysed and the frequency of words in use were measured to produce a set of common themes. This thematic analysis provides an illustrative rather than representative picture of farmer opinions yet holds significant explanatory value for understanding the apparent lack of engagement with biosecurity training. Broad-ranging farmer perspectives can be understood through a 'typology' of feelings about bTB, particularly expressions of blame, loss, confusion, ignorance, resignation and fear. The cumulative effect amounts to one of overwhelming negativity, explaining why so many farmers disengaged from training provision; a finding with relevance and value for the way training providers plan future communication methods in relation to biosecurity risk mitigation. [Abstract copyright: © British Veterinary Association 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Task specialization across research careers

Research careers are typically envisioned as a single path in which a scientist starts as a member of a team working under the guidance of one or more experienced scientists and, if they are successful, ends with the individual leading their own research group and training future generations of scientists. Here we study the author contribution statements of published research papers in order to explore possible biases and disparities in career trajectories in science. We used Bayesian networks to train a prediction model based on a dataset of 70,694 publications from PLoS journals, which included 347,136 distinct authors and their associated contribution statements. This model was used to predict the contributions of 222,925 authors in 6,236,239 publications, and to apply a robust archetypal analysis to profile scientists across four career stages: junior, early-career, mid-career and late-career. All three of the archetypes we found - leader, specialized, and supporting - were encountered for early-career and mid-career researchers. Junior researchers displayed only two archetypes (specialized, and supporting), as did late-career researchers (leader and supporting). Scientists assigned to the leader and specialized archetypes tended to have longer careers than those assigned to the supporting archetype. We also observed consistent gender bias at all stages: the majority of male scientists belonged to the leader archetype, while the larger proportion of women belonged to the specialized archetype, especially for early-career and mid-career researchers

Mapping a waste disposal site using Tellus airborne geophysical data

Leakage of fluids from unregulated and/or poorly engineered waste disposal sites poses a significant direct risk to groundwater quality. Characterisation and monitoring of waste disposal sites and potentially associated groundwater contaminant plumes are generally invasive, time-consuming and expensive, particularly when the extent of the plume is unknown. This study examines the value of incorporating of Tellus and Tellus Border airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data into current assessment protocols for the characterisation and monitoring of contaminant sources and subsurface contaminant plumes. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of using airborne and ground-based non-invasive geophysical data as part of existing tiered assessment protocols for prioritising suspected sites and for guiding targeted intrusive investigations and subsequent remediation efforts

Scientific mobility indicators in practice : international mobility profiles at the country level

This paper presents and describes the methodological opportunities offered by bibliometric data to produce indicators of scientific mobility. Large bibliographic datasets of disambiguated authors and their affiliations allow for the possibility of tracking the affiliation changes of scientists. Using the Web of Science as data source, we analyze the distribution of types of mobile scientists for a selection of countries. We explore the possibility of creating profiles of international mobility at the country level, and discuss potential interpretations and caveats. Five countries—Canada, The Netherlands, South Africa, Spain, and the United States—are used as examples. These profiles enable us to characterize these countries in terms of their strongest links with other countries. This type of analysis reveals circulation among and between countries with strong policy implications.Este trabajo presenta y describe las oportunidades metodológicas que ofrecen los datos bibliográficos para producir indicadores de movilidad científica. El uso de grandes conjuntos de datos bibliográficos con autores y afiliaciones desambiguadas, abren la posibilidad de rastrear cambios de afiliación de investigadores. Empleando la Web of Science como base de datos, desarrollamos distintas perspectivas para mostrar la movilidad observable de una selección de países. Exploramos la posibilidad de crear perfiles de movilidad internacional a nivel de países y discutimos cómo interpretar estos indicadores así como sus potenciales limitaciones. Para ello, estudiamos los casos de Canadá, Países Bajos, Sudáfrica, España y Estados Unidos. Sus perfiles no solo nos permiten identificar a grupos de investigadores que muestran distintos tipos de movilidad, pero también nos permiten caracterizar los países según aquellos otros con los que tienen mayores vínculos. Este tipo de análisis permiten realizar comparaciones entre países de origen y destino de cada uno de los países analizados, especialmente relevantes en el contexto de política cientifica

The many faces of mobility : using bibliometric data to measure the movement of scientists

This paper presents a methodological framework for developing scientific mobility indicators based on bibliometric data. We identify nearly 16 million individual authors from publications covered in the Web of Science for the 2008–2015 period. Based on the information provided across individuals’ publication records, we propose a general classification for analyzing scientific mobility using institutional affiliation changes. We distinguish between migrants--authors who have ruptures with their country of origin--and travelers--authors who gain additional affiliations while maintaining affiliation with their country of origin. We find that 3.7% of researchers who have published at least one paper over the period are mobile. Travelers represent 72.7% of all mobile scholars, but migrants have higher scientific impact. We apply this classification at the country level, expanding the classification to incorporate the directionality of scientists’ mobility (i.e., incoming and outgoing). We provide a brief analysis to highlight the utility of the proposed taxonomy to study scholarly mobility and discuss the implications for science policy

The Formation of Broad Line Clouds in the Accretion Shocks of Active Galactic Nuclei

Recent work on the gas dynamics in the Galactic Center has improved our understanding of the accretion processes in galactic nuclei, particularly with regard to properties such as the specific angular momentum distribution, density, and temperature of the inflowing plasma. This information can be valuable in trying to determine the origin of the Broad Line Region (BLR) in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). In this paper, we explore various scenarios for the cloud formation based on the underlying principle that the source of plasma is ultimately that portion of the gas trapped by the central black hole from the interstellar medium. Based on what we know about the Galactic Center, it is likely that in highly dynamic environments such as this, the supply of matter is due mostly to stellar winds from the central cluster. Winds accreting onto a central black hole are subjected to several disturbances capable of producing shocks, including a Bondi-Hoyle flow, stellar wind-wind collisions, and turbulence. Shocked gas is initially compressed and heated out of thermal equilibrium with the ambient radiation field; a cooling instability sets in as the gas is cooled via inverse-Compton and bremsstrahlung processes. If the cooling time is less than the dynamical flow time through the shock region, the gas may clump to form the clouds responsible for broad line emission seen in many AGN spectra. Clouds produced by this process display the correct range of densities and velocity fields seen in broad emission lines. Very importantly, the cloud distribution agrees with the results of reverberation studies, in which it is seen that the central line peak responds slower to continuum changes than the line wings.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure