Efeitos da variedade de soja (Glycine max) e do inoculante na fisiologia da nodulação em condições de campo

In a field experiment conducted at the Uberaba Experiment Station with four soybean varieties and five inoculants, nodule numbers, their total weight and mean weight were determined at different stages of plant development. There were significant differences between inoculants on nodule number and significant variety effects on total and mean nodule weight. The varieties which produced higher nodule numbers also possessed smaller sized nodules. Maximal nodule numbers were reached between 49 and 64 days after planting depending on the vegetative cycle of the variety, and on the inoculant. The best inoculants continued to form nodules until 64 days after planting. Mean nodule size varied little with the inoculant but one early variety produced significantly larger nodules than the others. Total nodule weight increased until 64 days after planting and there were significant differences between inoculants and varieties.Um ensaio foi conduzido na Estação Experimental de Uberaba, do Instituto de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Centro-Oeste, em condições de campo, visando observar o comportamento de quatro variedades de soja com relação a diferentes inoculantes. Foram feitas 5 leituras em datas diferentes anotando-se o número de nódulos, e 3 leituras do peso total e tamanho médio dos mesmos. Houve diferenças significativas entre os inoculantes quanto à quantidade de nódulos formados, sendo que a ação das variedades foi mais pronunciada no peso total e tamanho médio. Também ficou evidenciado o efeito destas na velocidade da formação dos nódulos. Embora os inoculantes não tenham tido efeito significativo no tamanho médio dos nódulos, pôde-se observar que aqueles que induziram maior nodulação também produziram nódulos menores. Uma certa concordância entre o peso total dos nódulos e peso de massa seca das plantas foi encontrada, indicando o nitrogênio como fator limitante no desenvolvimento das plantas

Herbicide test on mata-barata (Andira sp.)

No presente trabalho estudam-se as possibilidades de quatro herbicidas no controle da planta invasora de pastagem, denominada mata-barata (Andira sp.). Esta planta tem como seu habitat, os cerrados do planalto central brasileiro, onde constitui problema. Possuindo sistema radicular desenvolvido, a sua erradicação manual ou com máquinas é onerosa. Especula-se assim o seu controle químico, no presente trabalho."Mata-barata", probably Andira humilis M., is a short stemmed perennial weed, which reduces the grazing capacity of “cerrados" of the high central plateau of Brazil. It starts growth in the spring, even before the wet season, forming islands of dense vegetation impeding the regrowth of grass. Due to its dense and deep root system the eradication by hand or machinery is expensive. The present test was designed to study the use of herbicides in the control of the weed. Four herbicides were used. One application using knapsack equipment was made for each herbicide at the beginning of the rainy season. The following herbicides were employed: Formula 40 at 20 kg/ha and Kuron, 2,4,5-T and Tordon 101 were applied at 15 kg/ha. At the last observation, made eleven months following hercibide application, only Tordon 101 controled the weed growth. No damage was noticeable to molasses grass or other native grasses. Germination of native species was limited by the residual herbicide effect until two and a half months after treatment

Epidemiological aspects and control of the Cercospora leaf spot on cowpeas

Com o objetivo de estudar alguns aspectos epidemiológicos da mancha de Cercospora (C. canescens) em caupi (Vígna unguiculata (L.) Walp) e o seu controle através de pulverizações com benomyl, foram feitas avaliações semanais da doença num experimento conduzido no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Arroz e Feijão (CNPAF), onde o caupi foi cultivado das seguintes maneiras: 1) em monocultivo; 2) consorciado com milho; 3) consorciado com mandioca; e 4) consorciado com cana-de-açúcar. Os tratamentos com benomyl consistiram de 0, 1, 2 e 3 pulverizações. O desenvolvimento da mancha de Cercospora no caupi foi menor em plantas cultivadas em consórcio com o milho que em monocultivo ou em consórcio com mandioca ou com cana-de-açúcar. Uma, duas ou três pulverizações com benomyl proporcionaram reduções de 20%, 30,9% e 40,6% na incidência da doença, correspondendo a aumentos de 14%, 24,2% e 35% na produção de grãos, respectivamente. As pulverizações com benomyl alteraram as curvas de progresso da doença em relação às curvas geradas pelas parcelas não tratadas e não foram significativas as correlações entre área sob curva de progresso e as perdas na produção. Foram negativas e significativas as correlações entre número de lesões nas folhas e produção de grãos.The effects of some cultivation systems on Cercospora leaf spot development on cowpea and its control with benomyl were studied at the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Arroz e Feijão (CNPAF), Goiânia, GO. The cowpea treatments were 1) monocrop; 2) intercropped with corn; 3) intercropped with cassava, and 4) intercropped with sugarcane. The treatment with benomyl consisted of 0, 1, 2 and 3 sprayings. Incidence of Cercospora leaf spot was reduced when cowpeas were intercropped with corn as compared with monocrop or intercropped with cassava or sugarcane. One, two, and three benomyl sprayings reduced disease incidence by 20%, 30.9% and 40.6%, respectively, and resulted in grain yield increases of 14%, 24.2% and 35%. The form of disease progress curves was modified by benomyl spraying. The corresponding areas under the disease progress curves were not correlated with yield losses thowerer the number of lesions was negatively correlated with yield

Global validation of the WSES Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections : a prospective multicentre study (WISS Study)

Background: To validate a new practical Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) including the clinical conditions at the admission (severe sepsis/septic shock), the origin of the cIAIs, the delay in source control, the setting of acquisition and any risk factors such as age and immunosuppression. Methods: The WISS study (WSES cIAIs Score Study) is a multicenter observational study underwent in 132 medical institutions worldwide during a four-month study period (October 2014-February 2015). Four thousand five hundred thirty-three patients with a mean age of 51.2 years (range 18-99) were enrolled in the WISS study. Results: Univariate analysis has shown that all factors that were previously included in the WSES Sepsis Severity Score were highly statistically significant between those who died and those who survived (p <0.0001). The multivariate logistic regression model was highly significant (p <0.0001, R-2 = 0.54) and showed that all these factors were independent in predicting mortality of sepsis. Receiver Operator Curve has shown that the WSES Severity Sepsis Score had an excellent prediction for mortality. A score above 5.5 was the best predictor of mortality having a sensitivity of 89.2 %, a specificity of 83.5 % and a positive likelihood ratio of 5.4. Conclusions: WSES Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated Intra-abdominal infections can be used on global level. It has shown high sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio that may help us in making clinical decisions.Peer reviewe

Physiological parameters for Prognosis in Abdominal Sepsis (PIPAS) Study : a WSES observational study

BackgroundTiming and adequacy of peritoneal source control are the most important pillars in the management of patients with acute peritonitis. Therefore, early prognostic evaluation of acute peritonitis is paramount to assess the severity and establish a prompt and appropriate treatment. The objectives of this study were to identify clinical and laboratory predictors for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute peritonitis and to develop a warning score system, based on easily recognizable and assessable variables, globally accepted.MethodsThis worldwide multicentre observational study included 153 surgical departments across 56 countries over a 4-month study period between February 1, 2018, and May 31, 2018.ResultsA total of 3137 patients were included, with 1815 (57.9%) men and 1322 (42.1%) women, with a median age of 47years (interquartile range [IQR] 28-66). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 8.9%, with a median length of stay of 6days (IQR 4-10). Using multivariable logistic regression, independent variables associated with in-hospital mortality were identified: age > 80years, malignancy, severe cardiovascular disease, severe chronic kidney disease, respiratory rate >= 22 breaths/min, systolic blood pressure 4mmol/l. These variables were used to create the PIPAS Severity Score, a bedside early warning score for patients with acute peritonitis. The overall mortality was 2.9% for patients who had scores of 0-1, 22.7% for those who had scores of 2-3, 46.8% for those who had scores of 4-5, and 86.7% for those who have scores of 7-8.ConclusionsThe simple PIPAS Severity Score can be used on a global level and can help clinicians to identify patients at high risk for treatment failure and mortality.Peer reviewe

WSES Guidelines for the management of acute left sided colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting

Acute left sided colonic diverticulitis is one of the most common clinical conditions encountered by surgeons in acute setting. A World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) Consensus Conference on acute diverticulitis was held during the 3rd World Congress of the WSES in Jerusalem, Israel, on July 7th, 2015. During this consensus conference the guidelines for the management of acute left sided colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting were presented and discussed. This document represents the executive summary of the final guidelines approved by the consensus conference.Peer reviewe

Prospective Observational Study on acute Appendicitis Worldwide (POSAW)

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common surgical disease, and appendectomy is the treatment of choice in the majority of cases. A correct diagnosis is key for decreasing the negative appendectomy rate. The management can become difficult in case of complicated appendicitis. The aim of this study is to describe the worldwide clinical and diagnostic work-up and management of AA in surgical departments.Methods: This prospective multicenter observational study was performed in 116 worldwide surgical departments from 44 countries over a 6-month period (April 1, 2016-September 30, 2016). All consecutive patients admitted to surgical departments with a clinical diagnosis of AA were included in the study.Results: A total of 4282 patients were enrolled in the POSAW study, 1928 (45%) women and 2354 (55%) men, with a median age of 29 years. Nine hundred and seven (21.2%) patients underwent an abdominal CT scan, 1856 (43.3%) patients an US, and 285 (6.7%) patients both CT scan and US. A total of 4097 (95.7%) patients underwent surgery; 1809 (42.2%) underwent open appendectomy and 2215 (51.7%) had laparoscopic appendectomy. One hundred eighty-five (4.3%) patients were managed conservatively. Major complications occurred in 199 patients (4.6%). The overall mortality rate was 0.28%.Conclusions: The results of the present study confirm the clinical value of imaging techniques and prognostic scores. Appendectomy remains the most effective treatment of acute appendicitis. Mortality rate is low.</p

Prospective Observational Study on acute Appendicitis Worldwide (POSAW)

Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common surgical disease, and appendectomy is the treatment of choice in the majority of cases. A correct diagnosis is key for decreasing the negative appendectomy rate. The management can become difficult in case of complicated appendicitis. The aim of this study is to describe the worldwide clinical and diagnostic work-up and management of AA in surgical departments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio