Is the meiofauna a good indicator for climate change and anthropogenic impacts?

Our planet is changing, and one of the most pressing challenges facing the scientific community revolves around understanding how ecological communities respond to global changes. From coastal to deep-sea ecosystems, ecologists are exploring new areas of research to find model organisms that help predict the future of life on our planet. Among the different categories of organisms, meiofauna offer several advantages for the study of marine benthic ecosystems. This paper reviews the advances in the study of meiofauna with regard to climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Four taxonomic groups are valuable for predicting global changes: foraminifers (especially calcareous forms), nematodes, copepods and ostracods. Environmental variables are fundamental in the interpretation of meiofaunal patterns and multistressor experiments are more informative than single stressor ones, revealing complex ecological and biological interactions. Global change has a general negative effect on meiofauna, with important consequences on benthic food webs. However, some meiofaunal species can be favoured by the extreme conditions induced by global change, as they can exhibit remarkable physiological adaptations. This review highlights the need to incorporate studies on taxonomy, genetics and function of meiofaunal taxa into global change impact research

Recent Strategies in the Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines

Dearomatization reactions have become fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis since they allow for the generation of three-dimensional complexity from two-dimensional precursors, bridging arene feedstocks with alicyclic structures. When those processes are applied to pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, partially or fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles are formed, which are among the most significant structural components of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The inherent challenge of those transformations lies in the low reactivity of heteroaromatic substrates, which makes the dearomatization process thermodynamically unfavorable. Usually, connecting the dearomatization event to the irreversible formation of a strong C-C, C-H, or C-heteroatom bond compensates the energy required to disrupt the aromaticity. This aromaticity breakup normally results in a 1,2- or 1,4-functionalization of the heterocycle. Moreover, the combination of these dearomatization processes with subsequent transformations in tandem or stepwise protocols allows for multiple heterocycle functionalizations, giving access to complex molecular skeletons. The aim of this review, which covers the period from 2016 to 2022, is to update the state of the art of nucleophilic dearomatizations of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, showing the extraordinary ability of the dearomative methodology in organic synthesis and indicating their limitations and future trends

Análisis comparativo del grado de desarrollo de la coordinación motriz en niños y niñas de educación preescolar

El objetivo de la investigación fue comparar por género la coordinación motriz fina, coordinación motriz gruesa y coordinación motora total de niños y niñas de prescolar. El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo comparativo, con muestreo por conveniencia, participaron 179 niños y niñas de una edad promedio de 4 y 5 años matriculados en jardines de niños para educación preescolar de la ciudad de Mexicali, Baja California, México. Se utilizó como instrumento de evaluación el inventario de desarrollo Battelle para determinar la coordinación motriz fina, coordinación motriz gruesa y coordinación motora total. La igualdad de la varianza se calculó mediante la prueba t Student para muestras independientes, resultando por género menor a α≤ 0.05; la coordinación motriz gruesa (P-Valor=.000), coordinación motriz fina (P-Valor=.002) y la coordinación motora total (P-Valor=.000). La comparación mostró diferencias significativas en diversas capacidades motoras entre niños y niñas, por lo anterior es necesario mejorar las deficiencias motoras por medio de la educación física que permitan un óptimo desarrollo motriz, con actividades igualitarias y mayores oportunidades de participación para las niñas.=== The aim of the study was to compare by gender the fine motor coordination, gross motor coordination and total motor coordination of kindergarten children. The research design was comparative descriptive, with convenience sampling, involving 179 children of an average age of 4 and 5 years enrolled in kindergartens for preschool education in the city of Mexicali, Baja California. Mexico. The Battelle development inventory was used as an evaluation instrument to determine fine motor coordination, gross motor coordination and total motor coordination. The equality of the variance was calculated by the Student t test for independent samples resulting in gender less than α≤ 0.05; gross motor development (P-Value=.000), fine motor development (P-Value=.002) and general motor development (P-Value=.000). The comparison showed significant differences in motor coordination between boys and girls, therefore it is necessary to improve motor deficiencies through physical education that allow optimal movement development, with equal activities and greater opportunities for participation for girls

Effects of three months of water-based exercise training on metabolic syndrome components in older women

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water-based exercise training on metabolic syndrome components in older women. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group who participated in the water-based exercise training and a control group who was not involved in the training and remained sedentary. The quantification of clinical and biochemical parameters of abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure and insulin resistance without glucose intolerance by a medical and laboratory evaluation to assess the presence of metabolic syndrome components was done according to the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Educational Program Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP ATP-III). The training protocol consisted of water-based exercise training sessions 5 times per week during 12 weeks of intervention, executed in a pool of 1.3 meters divided into three phases: a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at 50%-60% of maximum heart rate (monitored by heart rate monitor) and a 10 minute cool down. As a statistical method to compare the results between groups of variables pre and post training, the statistical analysis ANOVA mixed 2 X 2 (group X measurement) was done using SPSS version 21. The results for the metabolic syndrome components only indicated statistically significant interactions for triglycerides mg.dl-1 (p=0.002) between the groups and the measurements. Thus, the training program produced significant benefits on metabolic health indicators in particular decreasing triglycerides.Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento con ejercicio acuático sobre los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adultas mayores. Los participantes se dividieron en un grupo experimental y un grupo control que permaneció sedentario. La presencia de componentes del síndrome metabólico se evaluó de acuerdo con las directrices del Programa Nacional de Educación en Colesterol (NCEP–III) que evalúa los parámetros clínicos y bioquímicos de obesidad abdominal, dislipidemia aterogénica, presión arterial y resistencia a la insulina sin intolerancia a la glucosa. El protocolo de entrenamiento consistió en sesiones 5 veces por semana durante 12 semanas, divididas en tres fases: calentamiento 10 minutos, 30 minutos de ejercicio aeróbico al 50% -60% de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima y relajación 10 minutos. Como método estadístico para comparar los resultados entre grupos de variables pre y post, se realizó el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) mixta 2 X 2. Los resultados en los componentes del síndrome metabólico solo indicaron interacciones estadísticamente significativas para los triglicéridos mg.dl-1 (p=0.002) entre los grupos y las mediciones. Por lo tanto, el programa de entrenamiento resulto beneficioso sobre los indicadores de salud metabólica, en particular la disminución de triglicéridos

Efecto de tres meses de entrenamiento con ejercicios acuáticos sobre componentes del síndrome metabólico en adultas mayores

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water-based exercise training on metabolic syndrome components in older women. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group who participated in the water-based exercise training and a control group who was not involved in the training and remained sedentary. The quantification of clinical and biochemical parameters of abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure and insulin resistance without glucose intolerance by a medical and laboratory evaluation to assess the presence of metabolic syndrome components was done according to the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Educational Program Adult Treatment Panel- III (NCEP ATP-III). The training protocol consisted of water-based exercise training sessions 5 times per week during 12 weeks of intervention, executed in a pool of 1.3 meters divided into three phases: a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at 50%-60% of maximum heart rate (monitored by heart rate monitor) and a 10 minute cool down. As a statistical method to compare the results between groups of variables pre and post training, the statistical analysis ANOVA mixed 2 X 2 (group X measurement) was done using SPSS version 21. The results for the metabolic syndrome components only indicated statistically significant interactions for triglycerides mg.dl-1 (p=0.002) between the groups and the measurements. Thus, the training program produced significant benefits on metabolic health indicators in particular decreasing triglycerides.Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento con ejercicio acuático sobre los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adultas mayores. Los participantes se dividieron en un grupo experimental y un grupo control que permaneció sedentario. La presencia de componentes del síndrome metabólico se evaluó de acuerdo con las directrices del Programa Nacional de Educación en Colesterol (NCEP–III) que evalúa los parámetros clínicos y bioquímicos de obesidad abdominal, dislipidemia aterogénica, presión arterial y resistencia a la insulina sin intolerancia a la glucosa. El protocolo de entrenamiento consistió en sesiones 5 veces por semana durante 12 semanas, divididas en tres fases: calentamiento 10 minutos, 30 minutos de ejercicio aeróbico al 50% -60% de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima y relajación 10 minutos. Como método estadístico para comparar los resultados entre grupos de variables pre y post, se realizó el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) mixta 2 X 2. Los resultados en los componentes del síndrome metabólico solo indicaron interacciones estadísticamente significativas para los triglicéridos mg.dl-1 (p=0.002) entre los grupos y las mediciones. Por lo tanto, el programa de entrenamiento resulto beneficioso sobre los indicadores de salud metabólica, en particular la disminución de triglicéridos

Ejercicio acuático sobre el factor de crecimiento insulínico tipo 1 en ancianos

To evaluate the effect of an aquatic physical exercise program on serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in older adults. Method: The design of the research was quasi-experimental, with nonprobabilistic sampling for convenience, involving 49 older adults, who were randomly divided into 18 males (age 66.4 ± 6.1 years) in an experimental group (n=10) and a control group (n=8) and 31 female subjects (age 65.4 ± 5.7 years) in an experimental group (n=17) and a control group (n=14). The serum levels of insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1), were determined through chemiluminescence using the Kit (Immulite 1000®). The aquatic physical exercise program was performed by 4 months, with sessions 5 times a week, with a duration of 50 minutes per session, according with the standards and recommendations of fiscal exercise and physical activity for the older adult proposed by the American College of Sports Medicine and the guides and standards for the aquatic fitness program of the aquatic exercise association. Results: The 2x2 mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests showed doubly significant statistical differences between the groups and the measurements for the male IGF-1 (p=0.005) and (p=0.004) for the female Conclusion: It is established that the application of a program of aquatic physical exercise during four months can increase the IGF-1 in elderlyEvaluar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio físico acuático sobre los niveles séricos del factor de crecimiento insulínico tipo 1 (IGF-1) en ancianos. Método: El diseño de la investigación fue cuasi experimental, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, participando 49 ancianos, los cuales fueron divididos por sexo aleatoriamente en 18 de sexo masculino (edad de 66.4 ± 6.1 años) en un grupo experimental (n=10) y un grupo control (n=8) y 31 sujetos del sexo femenino (edad de 65.4 ± 5.7 años) formaron un grupo experimental (n=17) y un grupo control (n=14). A quienes se les evaluó los niveles séricos de factor de crecimiento insulínico tipo 1 (IGF-1), por medio de quimioluminiscencia usando el Kit (Immulite 1000®). El programa de ejercicio físico acuático tuvo una duración de 4 meses, con sesiones 5 veces a la semana, con una duración de 50 minutos por sesión, siguieron las normas establecidas de ejercicio fisco y actividad física para ancianos propuestas por el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte y las guías y estándares para la programación del fitness acuático de la asociación de ejercicio acuático. Resultados: Las pruebas de análisis de varianza (ANOVA) mixtas 2x2 mostraron diferencias estadísticas doblemente significativas entre los grupos y las mediciones para el IGF-1 del sexo masculino (p=0.005) y (p=0.004) para el femenino Conclusión: Se establece que la aplicación de un programa de ejercicio físico acuático durante cuatro meses puede aumentar la IGF-1 en ancianos