Costumbres Latinas

En la actualidad, se evidencia un incremento de residuos sólidos en Lima Metropolitana (INEI, 2019). Según el informe de INEI, los distritos que generan mayor cantidad de residuos son Santiago de Surco, Miraflores, San Miguel y La Molina. Por otro lado, la pandemia generada por el COVID-19 ha generado un cambio en los hábitos de compras del consumidor y esto se ve reflejado debido a que existe un incremento en las compras a través del e-commerce, con la finalidad de evitar los contagios los consumidores prefieren comprar todo tipo de artículos desde la comodidad de su hogar. Tomando en consideración ambas variables, nace la idea de crear un proyecto de florería ecoamigable con la modalidad de delivery. Para ello, se hará uso de productos eco-amigables los cuales permitirán reducir el consumo de plásticos y otros materiales dañinos para el medio ambiente comparado a los arreglos florales tradicionales ofrecidos en las florerías. De esta manera, se busca generar conciencia en los consumidores respecto a la importancia de cuidar el medio ambiente. Por lo tanto, se realizó una investigación cualitativa para determinar la frecuencia y aceptación de este proyecto en las zonas 6 y 7 de Lima Metropolitana. Además, se realizó un análisis financiero a través del cual se obtuvieron indicadores de rentabilidad favorables, los cuales avalan la viabilidad y rentabilidad de poner en marcha “Costumbres Latinas” un proyecto que ofrecerá la posibilidad de reducir la contaminación ambiental a través del uso de productos orgánicos y el reciclaje de residuos sólidos.Currently, there is an increase in solid waste in Metropolitan Lima (INEI, 2019). According to the INEI report, the districts that generate the greatest amount of waste are Santiago de Surco, Miraflores, San Miguel and La Molina. On the other hand, the pandemic generated by COVID-19 has generated a change in consumer shopping habits and this is reflected due to the fact that there is an increase in purchases through e-commerce, in order to avoid contagions consumers, prefer to buy all kinds of items from the comfort of their home. Taking both variables into consideration, the idea of ​​creating an eco-friendly florist project with the delivery modality was born. For this, eco-friendly products will be used which will reduce the consumption of plastics and other materials that are harmful to the environment compared to the traditional flower arrangements offered in flower shops. In this way, it seeks to generate awareness in consumers regarding the importance of caring for the environment. Therefore, a qualitative investigation was carried out to determine the frequency and acceptance of this project in zones 6 and 7 of Metropolitan Lima. In addition, a financial analysis was carried out through which favorable profitability indicators were obtained, which endorse the viability and profitability of launching "Latin Customs" a project that will offer the possibility of reducing environmental pollution using products. organic and solid waste recycling.Trabajo de investigació

A multispectral vision system to evaluate enzymatic browning in fresh-cut apple slices

The main objective of this study was to develop a vision system that is able to classify fresh-cut apple slices according to the development of enzymatic browning. The experiment was carried out on ‘Granny Smith’ apple slices stored at 7.5 °C for 9 days (n = 120). Twenty-four samples were analyzed per day: at zero time and after storage for 1, 3, 7 and 9 days, which corresponds to treatments t0, t1, t3, t7 and t9 respectively. Multispectral images were acquired from the samples by employing a 3-CCD camera centered at the infrared (IR, 800 nm), red (R, 680 nm) and blue (B, 450 nm) wavelengths. Apple slices were evaluated visually according to a visual color scale of 1–5 (where 1 corresponds to fresh samples without any browning and 5 to samples with severe discoloration), to obtain a sensory evaluation index (ISE) for each sample. Finally, for each sample and for each treatment, visible (VIS) relative reflectance spectra (360–740 nm) were obtained. In order to identify the most related wavelengths to enzymatic browning evolution, unsupervised pattern recognition analysis of VIS reflectance spectra was performed by principal components analysis (PCA) on the autoscaled data. Maximum loading values corresponding to the B and R areas were observed. Therefore, a classification procedure was applied to the relative histograms of the following monochromatic images (virtual images), which were computed pixel by pixel: (R − B)/(R + B), R − B and B/R. In all cases, a non-supervised classification procedure was able to generate three image-based browning reference classes (BRC): Cluster A (corresponding to the t0 samples), Cluster B (t1 and t3 samples) and Cluster C (t7 and t9 samples). An internal and an external validation (n = 120) were carried out, and the best classifications were obtained with the (R − B)/(R + B) and B/R image histograms (internal validation: 99.2% of samples correctly classified for both virtual images; external validation: 84% with (R − B)/(R + B) and 81% with B/R). The camera classification was evaluated according to the colorimetric measurements, which were usually utilized to evaluate enzymatic browning development (CIE L*a*b* color parameters and browning index, BI) and according to ISE. For both validation phases a*, b*, BI and ISE increased while L* values decreased with image-based class number, thereby reflecting their browning state

Antitubercular drugs for an old target: GSK693 as a promising InhA direct inhibitor

AbstractDespite being one of the first antitubercular agents identified, isoniazid (INH) is still the most prescribed drug for prophylaxis and tuberculosis (TB) treatment and, together with rifampicin, the pillars of current chemotherapy. A high percentage of isoniazid resistance is linked to mutations in the pro-drug activating enzyme KatG, so the discovery of direct inhibitors (DI) of the enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) has been pursued by many groups leading to the identification of different enzyme inhibitors, active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but with poor physicochemical properties to be considered as preclinical candidates. Here, we present a series of InhA DI active against multidrug (MDR) and extensively (XDR) drug-resistant clinical isolates as well as in TB murine models when orally dosed that can be a promising foundation for a future treatment

Adaptación a los cambios ambientales y territoriales

En este libro se abordan temáticas que destacan la adaptación de los distintos sectores de población a los cambios ambientales y territoriales, la cual muestra las respuestas a la incidencia de los estímulos del entorno, económico, social y ambiental. Así, se destaca la exposición de la población a los efectos destructivos de las amenazas y peligros naturales, lo que ha despertado interés en conocer sus causas, prevenir y mitigar el daño. A través de la revisión de estudios se induce la aprehensión de un tema que adquiere importancia en el contexto de los impactos globales, regionales y locales que se producen como consecuencia de la vulnerabilidad estructural característica de los países en desarrollo.En este libro se proponen estrategias de prevención ante la ocurrencia periódica de inundación en San Mateo Atenco, Estado de México y se analizan los factores sociales que inciden en el deterioro del bosque templado en San Lorenzo Huitzitzilapan. También se exponen soluciones para que se mejoren la condición del bosque y la calidad de vida de la población.Proyecto realizado con financiamiento de la Secretaría de Educación Pública-Subsecretaría de Educación Superior-Dirección General de Educación Superior Universitaria. Número del convenio con la SEP: 2017-15-001-017

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Bamboo Metallization for Aesthetic Finishing of Furniture and Wood Decorative Objects by An Electroless/Electrolytic Process

This work aims to propose and describe bamboo metallizing, in part or totally, for furniture or aesthetical decorations. Bamboo provides a diverse metallic appearance; however, its use with real metal, already conferred to plastics, may increase the chance of use of this green material. The furniture industry requires sustainable options for both the base material for manufacturing of many pieces of furniture with a useful purpose, and surfaces finished with high quality and variety in their aesthetic appearance. This includes bamboo ornaments, which are useful to complement interior decoration. The coatings obtained include copper, silver, nickel, brass, and tin, each of which had some variants in luster. The main change incorporated into the process for metallizing nonconducting surfaces was the introduction of a common base for all surfaces, regardless of its roughness, shape, size, or other surface conditions. Then, this base was taken through an electroless process followed by electrolytic stages. Modification of the current process prevents the need for an initial stage of etching to increase chemical conditioning and roughness. The obtained metallic luster was that intended for decorative applications

Neuropsicología 2 - PS07 201501

El curso de Neuropsicología 2 utiliza los aportes de las Neurociencias en el estudio de las relaciones entre la conducta y el cerebro, prestando especial atención a las consecuencias que provocan las lesiones cerebrales sobre las funciones cognitivas y el comportamiento de la persona. Asimismo se abordará la comprensión de las bases neurológicas del psiquismo, la conciencia, la atención, las sensaciones y percepciones, la memoria y el lenguaje entre otros

Electrum, the gold–silver alloy, from the bulk scale to the nanoscale: synthesis, properties, and segregation rules

"The alloy Au–Ag system is an important noble bimetallic phase, both historically (as “Electrum”) and now especially in nanotechnology, as it is applied in catalysis and nanomedicine. To comprehend the structural characteristics and the thermodynamic stability of this alloy, a knowledge of its phase diagram is required that considers explicitly its size and shape (morphology) dependence. However, as the experimental determination remains quite challenging at the nanoscale, theoretical guidance can provide significant advantages. Using a regular solution model within a nanothermodynamic approach to evaluate the size effect on all the parameters (melting temperature, melting enthalpy, and interaction parameters in both phases), the nanophase diagram is predicted. Besides an overall shift downward, there is a “tilting” effect on the solidus–liquidus curves for some particular shapes exposing the (100) and (110) facets (cube, rhombic dodecahedron, and cuboctahedron). The segregation calculation reveals the preferential presence of silver at the surface for all the polyhedral shapes considered, in excellent agreement with the latest transmission electron microscopy observations and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. By reviewing the nature of the surface segregated element of different bimetallic nanoalloys, two surface segregation rules, based on the melting temperatures and surface energies, are deduced. Finally, the optical properties of Au–Ag nanoparticles, calculated within the discrete dipole approximation, show the control that can be achieved in the tuning of the local surface plasmon resonance, depending of the alloy content, the chemical ordering, the morphology, the size of the nanoparticle, and the nature of the surrounding environment.

Bases Biológicas del Comportamiento Humano - PS373 - 202101

El curso de Bases Biológicas del Comportamiento Humano revisa el desarrollo del área biológica clínica, de las bases biológicas del comportamiento humano dentro de la malla curricular de la carrera de psicología. Realiza una exploración de los conceptos básicos de la Biología celular, Biología molecular, epigenética, alteraciones cromosómicas, herencia medio ambiente, principales patologías neuropsicológicas, herramientas de diagnóstico y acompañamiento del psicólogo, contextualizado dentro de diferentes espacios afectivos, sociales, relacionales y biológicos. Los mismos que se encuentran en continua interacción con el ambiente, comprendiendo al ser humano como un ser holístico e integral. De ésta manera el estudiante obtendrá un conocimiento que le permitirá identificar y entender las bases biológicas del comportamiento del ser humano en estrecha relación con la dimensión psicológica de este y sus efectos directos en el comportamiento. Este manejo teórico práctico y conceptual repercute en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, el mismo que es relevante para todo profesional, permitiendo entender la influencia del cerebro, sobre los procesos biológicos, heredados, aprendidos, así como las patologías neuropsicológicas más comunes del comportamiento dentro de un ámbito científico, recurriendo a herramientas básicas de evaluación y diagnóstico neuropsicológico. Es un curso básico para estudiantes de segundo ciclo de la carrera de Psicología, que contribuye al desarrollo de las competencias específicas: Pensamiento crítico (nivel 1) y Evaluación y Diagnóstico (nivel 1)