Elementos para el debate e interpretación del Buen vivir/Sumak kawsay

Resumen: Elementos para el debate e interpretación del Buen vivir/Sumak kawsay es un trabajo que reflexiona sobre el origen, historia, elementos constitutivos e interpretaciones del Buen vivir (Sumak kawsaySuma qamaña). Esta formulación de pensamiento que logró desarrollarse en los países andinos, particularmente en Ecuador y Bolivia; plasmarse en sus respectivas constituciones (Ecuador 2008 y Bolivia 2009) y convertirse en una propuesta que desde América Latina cada día adquiere mayor trascendencia, y poco a poco se convierte en un tema de reflexión universal. Estudiamos sus elementos esenciales y las diversas interpretaciones que hasta el momento se han formulado, incorporando elementos que desde pueblos originarios de diversas latitudes enriquecen el concepto. Por tratarse de no solo de una propuesta filosófico-política, sino de una cosmovisión general que articula las constituciones referidas, con sus implicaciones, estudiamos el Buen vivir en la Constitución Ecuatoriana de 2008 y hacemos un esfuerzo por descender hasta niveles más concretos como las políticas migratorias del gobierno ecuatoriano en el marco del concepto antedicho. Finalmente, incorporamos a vista de pájaro, algunos elementos coincidentes, como la visión del pueblo Jñatjo, del Municipio de San Felipe del Progreso en el Estado de México. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad contribuir al debate y difusión de un tema de trascendencia y actualidad, que por diversos motivos se desconoce grandemente en México y otros países de la región, aunque poco a poco se va convirtiendo en un tópico de su interés

Concomitant Retrograde Coronary Venous Infusion of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Enhances Engraftment and Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction.

AIM: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increases the migration and viability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. Retrograde coronary venous infusion can provide both increased regional bFGF concentrations and homogeneous cell dissemination. We determined whether retrograde delivery of bFGF enhances the potency of transplanted MSCs for cardiac repair in a canine infarct model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Under hypoxic conditions, cellular migration was significantly increased in MSCs co-cultured with bFGF compared to vascular endothelial growth factor or insulin-like growth factor, and bFGF promoted MSCs differentiation into a cardiomyocyte phenotype. A canine infarct model was employed by coronary ligation. One week later, animals were subjected to retrograde infusion of combination bFGF (200ng/mL) and MSCs (1×10(8) cells) (n=5), MSCs (1×10(8) cells, n=5), bFGF (200ng/mL, n=5), or placebo (phosphate-buffered saline, n=3). Four weeks after infusion, only the bFGF+MSCs therapy exhibited significantly increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography (p CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde coronary venous bFGF infusion augments engraftment and differentiation capacity of transplanted MSCs, recovering cardiac function and preventing adverse remodeling. This novel combined treatment and delivery method is a promising strategy for cardiac repair after ischemic injury

Cerrena unicolor (BULL.) MURR (BASIDIOMYCOTA) AISLADO DE MICANGIO DE Tremex fuscicornis FABR. (HYMENOPTERO SIRICIDAE) ASOCIADO A DECAIMIENTO Y PUDRICION DEL ALAMO (Populus sp.) EN CHILE

Entre septiembre a diciembre del 2004 el Instituto Forestal y el Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, en investigaciones conjuntas de estrategias de control biológico para Tremex fuscicornis Fabr. (Hym. Siricidae), seprofundizó en el conocimiento de la asociación simbiótica que presenta esta avispa xilófaga con un hongo. T. fuscicornis, es una avispa taladradora del álamo que presenta en sus glándulas micangiales el micelio y esporas de un hongo asociado, el cual inyectado al árbol en elmomento de la oviposición, causa su posterior decaimiento y biodegradación. Desde hembras adultas se obtuvieron los micangios que contenían micelio y artrosporas del hongo, estos fueron macerados yposteriormente sembrados en agar papa dextrosa, desarrollándose colonias fúngicas que formaron artrosporas. El micelio de estas colonias fue inoculado en varios tipos de sustratos vegetales esterillizados, enespecial en trozas de álamo, donde se desarrollaron basidiocarpos, los que taxonómicamente correspondieron a Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murr., primer reporte para Chile de este basidiomicete.

Characterization of Fusarium spp., A Phytopathogen of avocado (Persea americana Miller var. drymifolia (Schltdl. and Cham.)) in Michoacán, México

Avocado has great socioeconomic importance in Mexico because of the benefits it generates for the production chain participants and the significant foreign exchange earnings engendered by the export of its fruit. However, this crop has phytosanitary problems, caused mainly by fungi, among which the genus Fusarium stands out. The objective of this study was to characterize Fusarium species that caused root rot in avocado trees in Michoacan, Mexico. In 19 isolates of Fusarium spp., polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with primers coding for elongation factor and calmodulin genes were performed. These sequences were compared in homology using BLAST analysis and aligned in MEGA 6.0. Cladograms were created based on maximum verisimilitude. The pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated based on their virulence and severity in the avocado plants. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that 15 isolates belonged to F. oxysporum Schl and four to F. solani Mart. All isolates were pathogenic, with virulence ranging from 16 to 56 days. All isolates produced root rot and yellowing of leaves, with 63% producing wilting and 16% producing apical necrosis, the latter being the most severe. Highlights From: Fusarium spp. is reported in avocado in Michoacán, México. With the morphological and molecular methods, two species of the gender Fusarium; F. oxysporum and solani, were identified in avocado crops. The species found in avocado can cause death of nursery seedlings and trees of various ages due to the destruction of their root system. The gender Fusarium is found in all the crops in Michoacán, México, considerably decreasing the production for the damage inflicted in the root, causing significant losses in the production of its fruit.Avocado has great socioeconomic importance in Mexico because of the benefits it generates for the production chain participants and the significant foreign exchange earnings engendered by the export of its fruit. However, this crop has phytosanitary problems, caused mainly by fungi, among which the genus Fusarium stands out. The objective of this study was to characterize Fusarium species that caused root rot in avocado trees in Michoacan, Mexico. In 19 isolates of Fusarium spp., polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with primers coding for elongation factor and calmodulin genes were performed. These sequences were compared in homology using BLAST analysis and aligned in MEGA 6.0. Cladograms were created based on maximum verisimilitude. The pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated based on their virulence and severity in the avocado plants. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that 15 isolates belonged to F. oxysporum Schl and four to F. solani Mart. All isolates were pathogenic, with virulence ranging from 16 to 56 days. All isolates produced root rot and yellowing of leaves, with 63% producing wilting and 16% producing apical necrosis, the latter being the most severe. Highlights From: Fusarium spp. is reported in avocado in Michoacán, México. With the morphological and molecular methods, two species of the gender Fusarium; F. oxysporum and solani, were identified in avocado crops. The species found in avocado can cause death of nursery seedlings and trees of various ages due to the destruction of their root system. The gender Fusarium is found in all the crops in Michoacán, México, considerably decreasing the production for the damage inflicted in the root, causing significant losses in the production of its fruit

Facing death in the clinical practice: a view from nurses in Mexico

Objective. To explore the views of nurses on death in their practice, and their perception about physicians’ actions dealing with terminally ill patients. Materials and methods. Two hundred ninety-five nurses with experience caring for terminally ill patients responded to a questionnaire developed for this study. Results. The majority of participants considered that terminally ill patients should know about their prognosis. Although nearly all nurses said that when a patient brings up the subject and they talk with the patient about death, several of the nurses find it difficult to establish a relationship with these patients. Concerning nurses’ perception about physicians’ actions, they considered that physicians avoid the subject of death with their patients more than the physicians acknowledge. Conclusions. More education and training of physicians and nurses on end-of-life issues is needed to improve communication with dying patients and to provide them with better care

Hybrid organic-inorganic mononuclear lanthanoid single ion magnets

The first family of hybrid mononuclear organic-inorganic lanthanoid complexes is reported, based on [PW11O39]7− and 1,10-phenanthroline ligands. This hybrid approach causes a dramatic improvement of the relaxation time (×1000) with a decrease of the optimal field while maintaining the Ueff of the inorganic analogues

Coastal risk mitigation by green infrastructure in Latin America

This paper aims to highlight the prevailing experiences of Latin America and to clarify what ‘green infrastructure’ entails in addition to describing seven case studies from a range of coastal ecosystems (wetlands, coastal dunes, beaches and coral reefs) at scales varying from local to regional. The case studies are categorised according to their degree of naturalness (nature-based, engineered ecosystems, soft engineering, ecologically enhanced hard infrastructure and de-engineering). Generally, the implementation of green infrastructure projects aims to increase resilience, enhance the provision of ecosystem services, recover biodiversity, reduce the negative effects of hard infrastructure and implement corrective measures. The greatest benefits of these projects relate to the creation of multi-functional spaces, which often combine the above advantages with improved opportunities for recreation and/or economic activities. It is hoped that this paper will disseminate the experience in green infrastructure among academics and practitioners and stimulate wider adoption of green infrastructure projects and good practices

Neighborhood and weight-related health behaviors in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that neighborhood factors are associated with obesity, but few studies have evaluated the association with weight control behaviors. This study aims to conduct a multi-level analysis to examine the relationship between neighborhood SES and weight-related health behaviors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this ancillary study to Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) a trial of long-term weight loss among individuals with type 2 diabetes, individual-level data on 1219 participants from 4 clinic sites at baseline were linked to neighborhood-level data at the tract level from the 2000 US Census and other databases. Neighborhood variables included SES (% living below the federal poverty level) and the availability of food stores, convenience stores, and restaurants. Dependent variables included BMI, eating patterns, weight control behaviors and resource use related to food and physical activity. Multi-level models were used to account for individual-level SES and potential confounders.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The availability of restaurants was related to several eating and weight control behaviors. Compared to their counterparts in neighborhoods with fewer restaurants, participants in neighborhoods with more restaurants were more likely to eat breakfast (prevalence Ratio [PR] 1.29 95% CI: 1.01-1.62) and lunch (PR = 1.19, 1.04-1.36) at non-fast food restaurants. They were less likely to be attempting weight loss (OR = 0.93, 0.89-0.97) but more likely to engage in weight control behaviors for food and physical activity, respectively, than those who lived in neighborhoods with fewer restaurants. In contrast, neighborhood SES had little association with weight control behaviors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this selected group of weight loss trial participants, restaurant availability was associated with some weight control practices, but neighborhood SES was not. Future studies should give attention to other populations and to evaluating various aspects of the physical and social environment with weight control practices.</p