Bringing Talent Off the Bench and into the Game: The Underrepresentation of Women in the Boardroom

While women have expanded their footprint in corporate America in recent years, they are still underrepresented in the upper echelons of corporate governance, specifically in boardrooms, which dictate the direction of a company. At the current rate, it will take more than four decades before women’s representation on corporate boards reaches parity with that of men. Women face obstacles that make it difficult to rise in the ranks of corporate America. This can be attributed to numerous factors that collectively burden women with expectations that are at odds with success. These factors include low representation of women in traditional pipelines to board seats, lack of flexibility in the workplace, male-driven work cultures, and disproportionate mentorship and sponsorship opportunities. Why should companies care about diversity? The importance of diversity can be reinforced by both business and moral arguments. The business case highlights the value-maximizing effect of diverse boards while the moral arguments emphasize that gender diversity is the “right thing to do.” However, despite these arguments in favor of gender diversity, the efforts to improve diversity on boards have been lacking. This Note highlights the current landscape and suggests ways to break down barriers to increase women’s representation in the boardroom. A balanced boardroom with more women’s perspectives will lead to an improved understanding of a company’s stakeholders and its customers’ needs. Increased diversity can also enhance a board’s ability to meet its fiduciary duties

Eco-management accounting in Germany: Concepts and practical implementation. Final report for the project Management accounting and environmental management: Towards the sustainable enterprise. A study of operational and material flow analysis, particulary as it is practised in Germany and how it might be used as a part of management accounting. A study sponsored by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek NWO

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People and Oceans: Managing Marine Areas for Human Well-Being

This booklet demonstrates an awakening within the conservation community that the human relationship with coastal and ocean environments must be evaluated in cultural, social, and economic -- as well as ecological -- dimensions. The major insights from this booklet include:People depend on oceans for food security, recreational opportunities, shoreline protection, climate regulation, and other ecosystem services.Marine resources have tremendous economic value that far exceeds current investments in marine governance, and visitors often are willing to pay far more than existing user fees.MMAs improve human well-being by diversifying livelihoods, enhancing incomes, and improving environmental awareness. They also pose challenges, including loss of access to fishing grounds, inequitable distribution of benefits, dependence on project assistance, and unmet expectations.MMAs are influenced by socioeconomic and governance conditions, including benefits exceeding costs, shared benefits, improved livelihood options, strong community participation, accountable management style, supportive local government, enabling legislation, enforced rules, empowerment and capacity building, strong persistent leadership, and involved external agents.Effective MMAs require strong enforcement, including both soft measures (i.e., education, partnerships) and hard measures (i.e., detection, interception, prosecution, and sanctions).Approaches such as buyouts, conservation agreements, and alternative livelihoods provide positive incentives for altering human behavior

D&O LIABILITY FOR ANTITRUST VIOLATIONS

D&O LIABILITY FOR ANTITRUST VIOLATION

Simple theory for spin-lattice relaxation in metallic rare earth ferromagnets

The spin-lattice relaxation time $\tau_{SL}$ is a key quantity both for the dynamical response of ferromagnets excited by laser pulses and as the speed limit of magneto-optical recording. Extending the theory for the electron paramagnetic resonance of magnetic impurities to spin-lattice relaxation in ferromagnetic rare earths we calculate $\tau_{SL}$ for Gd and find a value of 48 ps in very good agreement with time-resolved spin-polarized photoemission experiments. We argue that the time scale for $\tau_{SL}$ in metals is essentially given by the spin-orbit induced magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy.Comment: 18 pages revtex, 5 uuencoded figure

A primary word list: a revision of the 1935 Gates primary word list,

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit