Componentes nutrimentales y nutraceúticos de cuatro especies de Cantharellus (Cantharellaceae, Cantharellales) de La Región de Las Montañas, Veracruz, México

Background and Aims: Cantharellus species are traded in agricultural markets of the Mountain Region, Veracruz, Mexico, as an appreciated mushroom. The objective of this study was to analyze nutrients and nutraceutical properties in four Cantharellus species from Veracruz: antioxidant activity, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, lycopene, and β-carotene; as well as the nutritional properties: dry matter, total ashes, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, moisture, carbohydrates and energy value of four wild edible mushrooms (Cantharellus violaceovinosus, C. veraecrucis, C. roseocanus and Cantharellus sp.). Methods: Basidiomas of Cantharellus spp. were collected in the Mountain Region, Veracruz, Mexico. The ITS and tef-1α regions were amplified and sequenced. Species were identified molecularly based on the BLAST results. Samples were lyophilized and stored at 4 °C in vacuum bags for the preservation of nutraceutical and nutritional compounds. A methanol-water mixture (80:20 v/v) was used to extract the nutraceutical compounds and to analyze them by spectrophotometric techniques. Key results: In general, outstanding values ​​were found in C. violaceovinosus both in crude protein content (8.04 g/100 g-1) and in antioxidant capacity 2.28 mg TE/g extract. For flavonoids, C. roseocanus showed 2.98 mg QE/g extract and 6.23±0.68 mg/g of carotene. In addition, a high energy value was found in C. violaceovinosus (266.53 Kcal/100g) and C. roseocanus (222.73±15.43 Kcal/100 g). The nutritional and nutraceutical content of C. violaceovinosus, C. veraecrucis and C. roseocanus is presented for the first time. Conclusions: The results show these species from nutritional and nutraceutical perspectives. Cantharellus violaceovinosus showed the highest values of the parameters evaluated. The consumption of these species constitutes an alternative source of protein and nutraceutical components that contribute to food security.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Las especies de Cantharellus se comercializan en los mercados agrícolas de la Región de Las Montañas, Veracruz, México, como un hongo apreciado. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los nutrientes y propiedades nutracéuticas en cuatro especies de Cantharellus de Veracruz: capacidad antioxidante, fenoles totales, flavonoides, ácido ascórbico, licopeno y caroteno; así como las propiedades nutricionales: materia seca, cenizas totales, proteína bruta, grasa, fibra bruta, humedad, carbohidratos y valor energético de cuatro hongos silvestres comestibles (Cantharellus violaceovinosus, C. veraecrucis, C. roseocanus y Cantharellus sp.).Métodos: Se colectaron basidiomas de Cantharellus spp. en la Región de la Montaña, Veracruz, México. Se amplificaron las regiones ITS y tef-1α y secuenciaron. Las especies se identificaron molecularmente en base en los resultados de BLAST. Las muestras fueron liofilizadas y almacenadas a 4°C en bolsas al vacío para la conservación de compuestos nutracéuticos y nutricionales. Se utilizó una mezcla metanol-agua (80:20 v/v) para extraer los compuestos nutracéuticos y analizarlos por técnicas espectrofotométricas.Resultados clave: En general, se encontraron valores sobresalientes en C. violaceovinosus, tanto en contenido de proteína cruda (8.04 g/100 g-1) como en capacidad antioxidante (2.28 mg TE/g extracto). Para los flavonoides, C. roseocanus mostró 2.98 mg QE/g de extracto y 6.23±0.68 mg de caroteno/g de extracto. Además, se encontró un alto valor energético en C. violaceovinosus (266.53 Kcal/100g) y C. roseocanus (222.73±15.43 Kcal/100g) (266.53±14.64 Kcal/100g). Se presenta por primera vez el contenido nutricional y nutracéutico de C. violaceovinosus, C. veraecrucis y C. roseocanus.Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran estas especies desde las perspectivas nutricional y nutracéutica. Cantharellus violaceovinosus mostró los valores más altos de los parámetros evaluados. El consumo de estas especies constituye una alternativa como fuentes de proteínas y componentes nutracéuticos que contribuyen a la seguridad alimentaria

Coordinate regulation of antimycin and candicidin biosynthesis

Streptomyces species produce an incredible array of high-value specialty chemicals and medicinal therapeutics. A single species typically harbors ~30 biosynthetic pathways, but only a mere handful of them are expressed in the laboratory, thus poor understanding of how natural products biosynthesis is regulated is a major bottleneck in drug discovery. Antimycins are a large family of anticancer compounds widely produced by Streptomyces species and their regulation is atypical compared to that of most other natural products. Here we demonstrate that antimycin production by Streptomyces albus S4 is regulated by FscRI, a PAS-LuxR-family cluster-situated regulator of the polyene antifungal agent, candicidin. We report that heterologous production of antimycins by Streptomyces coelicolor is dependent on FscRI and show that FscRI activates transcription of key biosynthetic genes. We also demonstrate through ChIP sequencing that FscRI regulation is direct and we provide evidence to suggest that this regulation strategy is conserved and unique to short form antimycin gene clusters. Our study provides direct in vivo evidence for cross-regulation of disparate biosynthetic gene clusters specifying unrelated natural products and expands the paradigmatic understanding of the regulation of secondary metabolism

Designing Irreversible Inhibitors—Worth the Effort?

This is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: González-Bello, C. (2016). Designing Irreversible Inhibitors-Worth the Effort?. Chemmedchem, 11(1), 22-30, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.201500469. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley-VCH Terms and Conditions for Self-ArchivingDespite the unquestionable success of numerous irreversible drugs that are currently in clinical use, such as acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) and penicillin, the number of such approved drugs is much lower than that of noncovalent drugs. Over the years, the potential off‐target effects of these types of compounds have been the primary concern that has hampered their development. However, their remarkable advantages over noncovalent drugs and a better analysis of the risks have decreased the widespread skepticism surrounding them. The design of irreversible inhibitors is a challenge, particularly considering that in some cases their efficacy is due to complex and unexpected mechanisms of action. In this review the main advantages of irreversible inhibition are summarized, and the complexity of certain covalent modification mechanisms is highlighted with selected examplesSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Grant Number: SAF2013-42899-R Xunta de Galicia. Grant Number: GRC2013-041 European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)S

Regulation of specialised metabolites in Actinobacteria – Expanding the paradigms

The increase in availability of actinobacterial whole genome sequences has revealed huge numbers of specialised metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, encoding a range of bioactive molecules such as antibiotics, antifungals, immunosuppressives and anticancer agents. Yet the majority of these clusters are not expressed under standard laboratory conditions in rich media conditions. Emerging data from studies of specialised metabolite biosynthesis suggest that the diversity of regulatory mechanisms is greater than previously thought and these act at multiple levels, through a range of signals such as nutrient limitation, intercellular signalling and competition with other organisms. Understanding the regulation and environmental cues that lead to the production of these compounds allows us to identify the role which these compounds play in their natural habitat as well as providing tools to exploit this untapped source of specialised metabolites for therapeutic uses. Here we provide an overview of novel regulatory mechanisms that act in physiological, global, and cluster specific regulatory manners on biosynthetic pathways in Actinobacteria and consider these alongside their ecological and evolutionary implications

Proteomics as a tool for studying bacterial virulence and antimicrobial resistance

Proteomic studies have improved our understanding of the microbial world. The most recent advances in this field have helped us to explore aspects beyond genomics. For example, by studying proteins and their regulation, researchers now understand how some pathogenic bacteria have adapted to the lethal actions of antibiotics. Proteomics has also advanced our knowledge of mechanisms of bacterial virulence and some important aspects of how bacteria interact with human cells and, thus, of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. This review article addresses these issues in some of the most important human pathogens. It also reports some applications of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry that may be important for the diagnosis of bacterial resistance in clinical laboratories in the future. The reported advances will enable new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to be developed in the fight against some of the most lethal bacteria affecting humans

[Carta de Jacinto Llarena Casabuena a Benito Pérez Galdós (1 de febrero de 1901)]

Copia digital. España : Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 202