Solar Photovoltaic Installation in Lys School

Nowadays, renewable energies are widely spread around the world. The urge to find alternatives to the conventional ways of creating energy is more than obvious. In particular, Spain is one of the most appropriate countries in Europe for solar energy on account of the solar irradiation that receives. Facilities such as schools, commercial business, industries, offices, etc. that consume energy during the daylight are the perfect target for using solar energy. This is exactly the aim of this project: the design of a photovoltaic installation in a school. The school is “Escola Lys”, near the centre of Barcelona, a small and familiar school that tries implement different activities that respect the environment. This is why a commission for environmental projects was created, it includes different sections to carry out projects, from solutions for waste and recycling to energy measures. The intention is to obtain energy from a clean source following the aim of the school to become a “Green School”. To implement this measure, it is needed to obtain information of the electrical needs, the available space for placing the panels and the measures of the near buildings. Thanks to the administration of the school it was possible to obtain enough information to do the bases of a future project. This thesis is thought to be studied an improved for another student in the near future and turn the project into reality. In the first place, a study of the parameters of the school has been done: analysing the electrical needs, and therefore the peak capacity that should be installed. After this, two possible location for the panels were presented, the PV array will be conditioned by the emplacement and therefore it will be studied a particular installation for each case. Finally, a simulation for both options has been carried out with PVsyst. This software allows to calculate the energy that would be generated taking into account the losses that the installation will suffer, among many other things. The results of these simulations will determine the best emplacement for the PV generator. Also, the project has been complemented with an economic study and the evaluation of the environmental impac

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Actualidad y prospectiva de la investigación científica en el Centro Universitario Amecameca de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Con responsabilidad, se organizó un programa cuya finalidad fuera publicitar con transparencia dichos avances, a través de un esfuerzo de rendición de cuentas a la comunidad inmediata, la universitaria, y a la comunidad abierta, la sociedad que la principal referencia para tal efecto. El programa se concretiza a través del presente libro, conformado con una inspiración de investigación multidisciplinaria; sin embargo, para llegar a tal fin, el reto es realizar el proceso de búsqueda y generación de conocimiento transitando hacia la colaboración de los cuerpos académicos, que puedan construir nuevos conocimientos fortalecidos por la convergencia de diferentes campos del saber. En consecuencia, la primera etapa de esta estrategia es la publicidad de los trabajos investigativos ejercidos, para hacer un balance al día, pero también proyectar el futuro de cada campo y área del conocimiento. La organización explicativa está organizada por tres bloques representativos del quehacer en la generación de conocimiento del Centro Universitario, un primer bloque centra el interés en las humanidades, educación y sustentabilidad; el segundo bloque lo integra la reflexión científica sobre la construcción democrática, derechos humanos y equidad de género; en el tercer segmento se destina a la seguridad alimentaria, salud pública y sistemas agropecuarios. La actualidad de la investigación eleva la producción lograda y lo que en el momento se encuentra en construcción y los alcances que produce para la docencia, la investigación misma, y para la sociedad en general. La prospectiva es un área que todos los capítulos desarrollan con el propósito de delinear los alcances innovadores por andar en teoría, metodología e incluso en los saberes mismo

Solar Photovoltaic Installation in Lys School

Nowadays, renewable energies are widely spread around the world. The urge to find alternatives to the conventional ways of creating energy is more than obvious. In particular, Spain is one of the most appropriate countries in Europe for solar energy on account of the solar irradiation that receives. Facilities such as schools, commercial business, industries, offices, etc. that consume energy during the daylight are the perfect target for using solar energy. This is exactly the aim of this project: the design of a photovoltaic installation in a school. The school is “Escola Lys”, near the centre of Barcelona, a small and familiar school that tries implement different activities that respect the environment. This is why a commission for environmental projects was created, it includes different sections to carry out projects, from solutions for waste and recycling to energy measures. The intention is to obtain energy from a clean source following the aim of the school to become a “Green School”. To implement this measure, it is needed to obtain information of the electrical needs, the available space for placing the panels and the measures of the near buildings. Thanks to the administration of the school it was possible to obtain enough information to do the bases of a future project. This thesis is thought to be studied an improved for another student in the near future and turn the project into reality. In the first place, a study of the parameters of the school has been done: analysing the electrical needs, and therefore the peak capacity that should be installed. After this, two possible location for the panels were presented, the PV array will be conditioned by the emplacement and therefore it will be studied a particular installation for each case. Finally, a simulation for both options has been carried out with PVsyst. This software allows to calculate the energy that would be generated taking into account the losses that the installation will suffer, among many other things. The results of these simulations will determine the best emplacement for the PV generator. Also, the project has been complemented with an economic study and the evaluation of the environmental impac

Extension of a minimalistic combined production/cost model for floating wind farms

The escalating energy demand and limited space for bottom-fixed offshore wind farm projects require the acceleration of floating offshore wind projects. In this master thesis, the original model for bottom-fixed offshore wind farms is extended to floating offshore wind farms. The objective is to provide a tool that estimates a floating wind farm’s potential production and cost based on easily accessible input parameters. Firstly, in the production model, a calibration of the wake parameter is implemented. It is obtained from calculating production at different locations inside a basic equally-spaced square layout of wind turbines using the Fuga wake. This calibrated version is tested and compared with the original implementation on a PyWake-compatible experimental setup. This last one implies the derivation of the area of the wind farm with the wind turbine layout and the extraction of a wind climate from the Global Wind Atlas for six real bottom-fixed wind farms. The results include a comparison with other PyWake models and demonstrate an improved estimation accuracy with the Fuga-calibrated version of the ”Minimalistic” model. Secondly, on to the global Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX) analysis, a comprehensive breakdown of the different components of a floating wind farm is conducted. The dependencies between cost and the input parameters of the model are derived. Specifically, the reliance on turbines, transmission systems, anchors, and installation costs on input variables are identified and supported by an extensive liter- ature review. The floating platform cost is evaluated by multiplying the estimated platform weight by the material cost. At the same time, a similar approach is used to estimate the mooring line cost by multiplying the estimated length of a catenary mooring line by the cost of the chain. Through a CAPEX breakdown, the significant influence of wind turbine and floating platform costs on the total project cost is uncovered. As a result, using both production and cost estimates derived from these analyses, LCoE is calculated for a fictive case. It involves a wind farm with 100 wind turbines with a power rated of 15MW and the available wind and bathymetry data from the North Sea. The results indicate that a semi-submersible floating wind farm becomes a cost-effective choice over a bottom-fixed wind farm at depths exceeding 60 - 65 m. Within the specific case in the North Sea, the estimated LCoE ranges between 11 and 14 €cents/kWh with a stronger dependence on wind speed compared to bathymetr

Perception of wine with protection of origin using free association: case study Mexico

Social representations can be explored as an approach in food science to understand the type of information consumers have about a product. The objective of this study was to identify the social representations given to wine with protection of origin and Mexican wine, by consumers from four regions of Mexico, and to explore its valorization elements. The verbalization of the two wines was independently examined by the free association of words, through an Internet survey carried out on a sample of Mexican wine consumers (n = 615). Wine with origin protection was mainly represented by quality attributes in the Western, Central, and South regions of Mexico, and Mexican wine was conceptualized mainly with the identity of origin; in this case both stimuli formed a general tendency towards utilitarian meanings. The conceptualization of Mexicans regarding the two wines was distributed in both tangible and intangible categories; The representations granted in each region vary depending on the relationship that the culture of that area has with wine

Caracterización de la producción de maguey en el Distrito de Miahuatlán, Oaxaca

The objective of this study is to characterize the maguey production system in the District of Miahuatlán with the purpose of identifying the types of producers and the characteristics that differentiate them. Stratified sampling was used to select a representative sample of 83 maguey producers from the District of Miahuatlán in the state of Oaxaca. With the use of multivariate methods, three types of producers were identified; subsistence producers (n = 36, 44.4%), producers of low productive scale (n = 31, 38.3%) and producers of medium scale (n = 14, 17.3%). The study shows that the production of maguey is done in a traditional way, although a large number of producers perform the preparation of the land with machinery (between 38.5 and 67.9%), a small number of them have technical assistance (between 25 and 39%) and less than 15.4% carry out the certification of the maguey plantations. It is concluded that more than 70% of the production of maguey obtained by small producers is integrated into mezcal production, which demands differentiated support strategies to improve production processes by types of producers and maintain mezcal production in a traditional, which improves the income of the small family units that maintain the production of this drink. Keywords: mezcal, problematic, traditional production, typology of producersEl objetivo del presente estudio es caracterizar el sistema de producción del maguey en el Distrito de Miahuatlán con la finalidad de identificar los tipos de productores y las características que los diferencian. Se utilizó Muestreo estratificado para seleccionar una muestra representativa de 81 productores de maguey del Distrito de Miahuatlán en el estado de Oaxaca. El uso de métodos multivariados permitió identificar tres tipos de productores; productores de subsistencia (n=36, 44.4%), productores de baja escala productiva (n=31, 38.3%) y productores de escala media (n=14, 17.3%). El estudio muestra que la producción de maguey se realiza de forma tradicional, aunque una gran cantidad de los productores realizan la preparación del terreno con maquinaria (entre 38.5 y 67.9%), una pequeña cantidad de ellos cuentan con asistencia técnica (entre 25 y 39%) y menos del 15.4% realiza la certificación de las plantaciones de maguey. Se concluye que más del 70% de la producción de maguey obtenida por los pequeños productores se encuentra integrada a la producción de mezcal, lo que demanda estrategias diferenciadas de apoyo para mejorar los procesos productivos por tipos de productores y mantener la producción de mezcal de forma tradicional, que mejore los ingresos de las pequeñas unidades familiares que mantienen la producción de esta bebida. Palabras clave: mezcal, problemática, producción tradicional, tipología de productore

Identification and Management of Indirect Volcanic Risks: Citizens’ Rockfall Observatory on the Island of El Hierro

[EN] Secondary volcanic hazards (SVH) are not usually considered in volcanic hazard analysis, nor are they specifically included in volcanic risk management plans. However, SVH may cause more damage than primary volcanic hazards (PVH). The magmatic unrest on El Hierro Island in 2011–2012 is a perfect example of how SVH can be one of the leading causes of damage during magmatic unrest. Rockfalls are common on the island of El Hierro, mainly controlled by the heterogeneous lithology and the steep topography. Heavy rainfall and strong wind are usually the main triggering factors. However, during the 2011–2012 El Hierro Island magmatic unrest most of them were triggered due to earthquakes. Rock falls caused roadblocks and damage to road infrastructure. Two reports analysing rockfall hazards and associated risks during the emergency were based on expert knowledge and highlighted the need for, a comprehensive inventory of rockfalls, their processes characterisation, recurring event timing estimations and an analysis of their triggering factors. The need for better rockfall understanding on El Hierro island and the extensive experience of the local Civil Protection agents that were already working with citizens during the volcanic emergency, led to the development of a Rockfall Citizen’s Observatory. The observatory aims to engage citizens in the study of this geological hazard, hence providing a substantial increase in the amount of high quality data for rockfall risk analysis.Peer reviewe

Efficacy, cost-utility and physiological effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Behavioural Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) in patients with chronic low back pain and depression: study protocol of a randomised, controlled trial including mobile-technology-based ecological momentary assessment (IMPACT study)

Introduction: The IMPACT study focuses on chronic low back pain (CLBP) and depression symptoms, a prevalent and complex problem that represents a challenge for health professionals. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Brief Behavioural Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) are effective treatments for patients with persistent pain and depression, respectively. The objectives of this 12 month, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial (RCT) are (i) to examine the efficacy and cost-utility of adding a group-based form of ACT or BATD to treatment-as-usual (TAU) for patients with CLBP and moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms; (ii) identify pre-post differences in levels of some physiological variables and (iii) analyse the role of polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene, psychological process measures and physiological variables as mediators or moderators of long-term clinical changes. Methods and analysis: Participants will be 225 patients with CLBP and moderate to severe depression symptoms recruited at Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain) and Hospital del Mar (Barcelona, Spain), randomly allocated to one of the three study arms: TAU vs TAU+ACT versus TAU+BATD. A comprehensive assessment to collect clinical variables and costs will be conducted pretreatment, post-treatment and at 12 months follow-up, being pain interference the primary outcome measure. The following physiological variables will be considered at pretreatment and post-treatment assessments in 50% of the sample: immune-inflammatory markers, hair cortisol and cortisone, serum cortisol, corticosteroid-binding globulin and vitamin D. Polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene (rs3800373, rs9296158, rs1360780, rs9470080 and rs4713916) will be analysed at baseline assessment. Moreover, we will include mobile-technology-based ecological momentary assessment, through the Pain Monitor app, to track ongoing clinical status during ACT and BATD treatments. Linear mixed-effects models using restricted maximum likelihood, and a full economic evaluation applying bootstrapping techniques, acceptability curves and sensitivity analyses will be computed. Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fundació Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital del Mar. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media and various community engagement activities. Trial registration number: NCT04140838

Efficacy, cost-utility and physiological effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Behavioural Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) in patients with chronic low back pain and depression : Study protocol of a randomised, controlled trial including mobile-technology-based ecological momentary assessment (IMPACT study)

Introduction The IMPACT study focuses on chronic low back pain (CLBP) and depression symptoms, a prevalent and complex problem that represents a challenge for health professionals. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Brief Behavioural Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) are effective treatments for patients with persistent pain and depression, respectively. The objectives of this 12 month, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial (RCT) are (i) to examine the efficacy and cost-utility of adding a group-based form of ACT or BATD to treatment-as-usual (TAU) for patients with CLBP and moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms; (ii) identify pre-post differences in levels of some physiological variables and (iii) analyse the role of polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene, psychological process measures and physiological variables as mediators or moderators of long-term clinical changes. Methods and analysis Participants will be 225 patients with CLBP and moderate to severe depression symptoms recruited at Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain) and Hospital del Mar (Barcelona, Spain), randomly allocated to one of the three study arms: TAU vs TAU+ACT versus TAU+BATD. A comprehensive assessment to collect clinical variables and costs will be conducted pretreatment, post-treatment and at 12 months follow-up, being pain interference the primary outcome measure. The following physiological variables will be considered at pretreatment and post-treatment assessments in 50% of the sample: immune-inflammatory markers, hair cortisol and cortisone, serum cortisol, corticosteroid-binding globulin and vitamin D. Polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene (rs3800373, rs9296158, rs1360780, rs9470080 and rs4713916) will be analysed at baseline assessment. Moreover, we will include mobile-technology-based ecological momentary assessment, through the Pain Monitor app, to track ongoing clinical status during ACT and BATD treatments. Linear mixed-effects models using restricted maximum likelihood, and a full economic evaluation applying bootstrapping techniques, acceptability curves and sensitivity analyses will be computed. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fundació Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital del Mar. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media and various community engagement activities. Trial registration number NCT04140838 </p