Evaluation of biological integration and inflammatory response to blood vessels produced by tissue engineering: experimental model in rabbit

The cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality in the western population and the Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) evolves, in large proportion, to the amputation of the affected limb. This study aimed to synthesize blood vessels using scaffolds of rabbit’s Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) and test its interaction with the receiver tissue and test inflammatory responses. Methods: The IVC were obtained from 8 rabbits to decellularization or in natura veins. The descellularized veins (DV) were obtained through protocols of decellularization established previously, using sodium dodecyl sulfate 1% (SDS) and mechanical agitation for 2 hours.12 animals were used to the experiment in vivo (3 animals in each group), being the product implanted in the interescapular dorsal area of each animal. The established groups are: Group 1- in natura allogeneic vein; Group 2- DV-SDS no cells added; Group 3- DV- SDS with 1x105 adipose tissue allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) added; Group 4- DV-SDS + autologous MSC. The (MSC) of the autologous receptors were collected 21 days before the implant and expanded in vitro. The explants were analyzed by histomorphological/immunohistochemistry and the peripheral blood was collected in the pre operatory in 1d, 7d, 14d, 30d and 60 day post operatory to dose the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukins. Results: IL-10 and PDGF levels were significantly higher in group 4, which also showed neovascularization and large endothelial reconstruction. We may conclude the existence of an inflammatory response to the use of allogeneic grafts, which is lower when associated with autologous MSC

Potential mammalian species for investigating the past connections between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest

Much evidence suggests that Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest were connected through at least three dispersion routes in the past: the Eastern route, the central route, and the Western route. However, few studies have assessed the use of these routes based on multiple species. Here we present a compilation of mammal species that potentially have dispersed between the two forest regions and which may serve to investigate these connections. We evaluate the present-day geographic distributions of mammals occurring in both Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest and the likely connective routes between these forests. We classified the species per habitat occupancy (strict forest specialists, species that prefer forest habitat, or generalists) and compiled the genetic data available for each species. We found 127 mammalian species presently occurring in both Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest for which, substantial genetic data was available. Hence, highlighting their potential for phylogeographic studies investigating the past connections between the two forests. Differently from what was previously proposed, the present-day geographic distribution of mammal species found in both Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest points to more species in the eastern portion of the dry diagonal (and adjoining forested habitats). The Central route was associated with the second most species. Although it remains to be seen how this present-day geography reflects the paleo dispersal routes, our results show the potential of using mammal species to investigate and bring new insights about the past connections between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest

ANÁLISE E APLICAÇÃO DE ESTRUTURAS DE SUFIXOS NA RESOLUÇÃO DO STRING MATCHING

String Matching é o problema que busca responder a seguinte pergunta: “É possível encontrar determinado padrão dentro de um texto?”. É um problema amplamente estudado na Ciência da Computação e também na Biologia Computacional, devido à existência de suas diferentes modificações em ferramentas de pesquisa e também no processamento de cadeias de DNA. Já existem algoritmos que alcançaram a solução ótima para responder a pergunta do problema, entretanto tais soluções não possuem a mesma eficiência nas extensões e variações do problema. Dessa forma, diversas pesquisas tem estudado estruturas de dados relativas aos sufixos do texto para alcançar soluções que sejam capazes de resolver variações complexas do string matching. O presente trabalho realiza um estudo e análise aprofundada sobre a eficiência de dessas estruturas: a árvore de sufixos e o autômato de sufixos. Algoritmos clássicos também são abordados e comparados às estruturas enquanto o trabalho é discorrido. As análises seguem critérios estatísticos, tempos de execução e complexidade de algoritmos para obter maior grau de confiança nos resultados

ANÁLISE E APLICAÇÃO DE ESTRUTURAS DE SUFIXOS NA RESOLUÇÃO DO STRING MATCHING

String Matching é o problema que busca responder a seguinte pergunta: “É possível encontrar determinado padrão dentro de um texto?”. É um problema amplamente estudado na Ciência da Computação e também na Biologia Computacional, devido à existência de suas diferentes modificações em ferramentas de pesquisa e também no processamento de cadeias de DNA. Já existem algoritmos que alcançaram a solução ótima para responder a pergunta do problema, entretanto tais soluções não possuem a mesma eficiência nas extensões e variações do problema. Dessa forma, diversas pesquisas tem estudado estruturas de dados relativas aos sufixos do texto para alcançar soluções que sejam capazes de resolver variações complexas do string matching. O presente trabalho realiza um estudo e análise aprofundada sobre a eficiência de dessas estruturas: a árvore de sufixos e o autômato de sufixos. Algoritmos clássicos também são abordados e comparados às estruturas enquanto o trabalho é discorrido. As análises seguem critérios estatísticos, tempos de execução e complexidade de algoritmos para obter maior grau de confiança nos resultados

Schistosomus reflexus in a Dog and a Cat

Background: Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a congenital anomaly, that the animal presents exposed abdominal and thoracic organs. The alterations includes limbs malformation, abnormal spinal column, liver and diaphragm hypoplasia, genitourinary and gastrointestinal changes, on this way, the fetus can not survive. The aim of this study was to report the first SR case in dog and cat in Brazil, and describe anatomical, pathological and radiographic changes.Case: The puppy had ventral midline defect in the abdominal and thoracic wall extending from the sternum to the pubis with viscera exposition, including the heart, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, spleen, kidneys, moreover right army was abnormal, however no spinal column was present. It was performed radiography to evaluate bone abnormalities, and was diagnosed agenesis of carpal, metacarpal and phalange bones. The kitten had ventral midline defect measuring 4 x 2 cm, in the abdominal wall and exposition of liver, stomach, intestine and spleen, as well as tibiotarsal joint arthrogryposis on both lags. It was performed fetus radiography and no spinal column change was diagnosed.Discussion: Schistosomus reflexus is a congenital abnormality common in ruminants. Although it was few reported in dogs and cats. The two cases in this study are the firsts reposts in Brazil in these especies. In our case, the dog had exposition of abdominal and thoracic organs and died one hour after born, similar to this, another author reported a case where the thoracic and abdominal evisceration and the puppy died ten minutes after born. However, in another case with abdominal evisceration only, the puppy survived for eight days. Probably it happened because respiratore function was not compromised. The kitten had abdominal opening only, in turn, other authors reported a case whose abdominal viscera exposition was by pelvic fissure, and another case, what presented thoracic and abdominal evisceration, like our dog case. Some authors affirm that this defect causes fetal dystocia on ruminants, because of the vertebral column abnormality, what promote passage difficult at born moment. On the other hand, dogs did not present these kind of changes and dystocia was not related to this pathology on cases in dogs and cats, however most of these authors performed cesarean because the female did not get normal born. As well as, on two cases in kitten were reported vertebral column abnormalities, what can be related to dystocia. Even no animal of our study present any vertebral column abnormality, other bone changes were found, like carpal, metacarpal and phalange agenesis on army of the dog and tibiotarsal joint arthrogryposis on both lags of the cat fetus. The others report in dogs did not found vertebral column or bone changes, but in cats it was observed vertebral column abnormalities and other changes, like arthrogryposis on four limbs, skull flattening, mandibular brachignathism, reduced ossification of the cranial vault bones, palatoschisis and unfused eyelids. SR etiology is not clearly known, it may be related with genetic, mechanic, endocrine, metabolic, nutrition and infectious factors. The moment of embryonic development, where these factors influence the changes is related with abnormality grade. Although, Chromosomic abnormalities, like chromatid and chromosome breaks, non-homologous pairing of chromosomes was shown. In this study the bitch did not present any metabolic, endocrine or nutritional change, on other hand the queen was submitted to exogenous hormonal treatment to avoid pregnancy, what may be related to SR development. SR is a rare abnormality in dog and cat, fetus radiographic, anatomical and pathological findings confirmed to being this congenital defect, and this are the first reports in Brazil in these species

Identification of suitable reference genes for real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays on pectoralis major muscle in chicken (Gallus gallus)

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESFundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SEThirteen reference genes were investigated to determine their stability to be used as a housekeeping in gene expression studies in skeletal muscle of chickens. Five different algorithms were used for ranking of reference genes and results suggested that individual rankings of the genes differed among them. The stability of the expression of reference genes were validated using samples obtained from the Pectoralis major muscle in chicken. Samples were obtained from chickens in different development periods post hatch and under different nutritional diets. For gene expression calculation the ΔΔCt approach was applied to compare relative expression of pairs of genes within each of 52 samples when normalized to mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II (MT-CO2) target gene. Our findings showed that hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1) are the most stable reference genes while transferrin receptor (TFRC) and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) ranked as the least stable genes in the Pectoralis major muscle of chickens. Moreover, our results revealed that HMBS and HPRT1 gene expression did not change due to dietary variations and thus it is recommended for accurate normalization of RT-qPCR data in chicken Pectoralis major muscle

Deaths by tuberculosis in a priority city for disease control in the Brazilian Northeast: sociodemographic-operational characteristics and vulnerable territories.

Introduction: Incorporating spatial approaches into epidemiological research is a challenge in public health research. The goal in this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of cases of deaths by tuberculosis in Imperatriz – MA (Brazil) and to characterize these events according to sociodemographic and operational characteristics. Methods: In this ecological study, all deaths from tuberculosis as the primary cause registered in the Mortality Information System from 2005 to 2014 were considered. The research variables were subject to descriptive analysis, point density analysis (Kernel Intensity Estimation) and area analysis. Results: Fifty cases of deaths by TB were identified, particularly the pulmonary clinical form. Male patients were predominant, with a median age of 59 years, mulatto race/color, single, who had finished secondary education. Most deaths happened at the hospital, with medical care before death and without autopsy. Most events happened at the hospital, with medical care delivery by an assistant physician and without autopsy. The point density revealed heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of the deaths, with rates of up to 2.33 deaths/km2. The area analysis by census sector presented age standardized mortality rates of 0.00 to 4.00 deaths/100,000 inhabitants-year. Conclusion: The results contributed to the knowledge on the spatial distribution of cases of deaths by Tuberculosis and their characteristics in the research scenario. The importance of space is highlighted as a methodological alternative to support the planning, monitoring and assessment of health actions, targeting interventions to the control of the disease in vulnerable territories. Keywords: Tuberculosis; Health Information Systems; Mortality; Spatial analysis

Somatotipo e antropometria de indivíduos de 16 a 60 anos na região do polonoroeste do Brasil - dados de Jaurú/Mato Grosso

A Endomorfia, mesomorfia e ectomonfia foram antropometrica avaliadas pelo sistema Heath e Carter em uma amostra populacional de Jauru-itt, localizada em Amazônia. Foram avaliados indivíduos de ambos os sexos com idade variando de 10 a 59 anos. Os resultados mostraram que nos homens e mulheres com menos de 18 anos predominava a ectomorfia. A relação peso/altura e pregas cutânea apresentaram resultados superiores ao padrão nos indivíduos mais idosos. 0 somatotipo médio para homens de 10 a 17 anos foi 2,2 - 3,6 - 3,7; para homens com mais de 18 anos foi 4,1 - 4,5 – 2,3; para mulheres de 10 a 17 anos foi 3,1 - 3,3 - 4,0; e para mulheres com mais de 18 anos foi 4,9 - 4,2 - 1,0