中・高等学校における「対外運動競技の基準」の改訂要求をめぐって

Since 1977, the revision of the present notification on the "Athletic sports for school children", given by the Vice-minister of Education, has been under discussion in the Council of Health Education and Physical Education. I realize acutely that it is necessary to ask anothers\u27 opinions about this revision and to reach an appropriate result before the Council will reach conclusion. So far as I know, two different ideas essentially exist in the "norm of the inter-scholastic athletics". The norm has been established and revised by adjusting these different ideas. However, these opposing opinions exist in the norm at the present time. In the present paper, the following subjects are discussed : 1) Where does this demand for the revision of the norm come from? ; 2) Why is the revision demanded? ; and 3) What are necessary for solving the above mentioned problems? It is my pleasure that this paper will be helpful for discussing about the norm of the inter-scholastic athletics

生涯スポーツ的見地から見たスポーツクラブの存続性に関する研究

Recently, lifelong sport is regarded as important in Japan. This advocation for lifelong sport was caused by the discussion on lifelong education at the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultual Organization in 1965. The lifelong sport mainly aims at the maintenance of sport activity through life. Thus, one sport clubs\u27 functions may give each member the opportunity to maintain sport activity in club. In this study some determinant factors for continuation of sport club and the characteristics of sport clubs which were maintained for many years were observed from the investigation of characteristics for sport clubs which were located at seven cities in Aichi Prefecture. Sport clubs were divided into two groups : group A consisted sport clubs which were maintain over 10 years ; group B, under 5 years. The results obtained in this study were statistically analized by means of X^2 test. The result were summarized as follows, 1) In group A, many clubs were essentially established by employees who served in the same company. 2) Sport events provided in group A were mainly popular sports in Japan. 3) Most clubs of group A have the definite purposes to develop skills, to win a game and so on. 4) The numbers of instructor in group A were higher than in group B. 5) More frequencies of practice were observed in group A. 6) Group A had higher skill levels than in group B. 7) The club finance and sport facilities were abundant in group A

スポーツクラブの存続性とクラブ員の参加度に関する研究

本研究を通して, 存続性・参加度を同時に満たしているクラブ群と満たしていないクラブ群とを比較検討した結果, 以下の集団特性が明らかになった。つまり, 存続性・参加度を同時に満たしているクラブ群は, 財政的に自己資金 (会費収入) と企業からの補助金で運営されているが, 満たしていないクラブ群は, 自己資金 (会費収入) だけで運営している。加入条件については, いずれのクラブ群も大多数が有してはいるが, 存続性・参加度を同時に満たしているクラブ群において職域的条件を規定しているのが特徴的である。補助金の内容と考え合わせると存続性・参加度を同時に満たしているクラブ群には, 職場を基盤として派生したクラブが多くなっている。種目構成としては, 存続性・参加度を同時に満たしているクラブ群が野球・バレーボールという種目を実施しているのに対し, 満たしていないクラブ群ではサッカーが多くなっている。競技レベルでは, 存続性・参加度を同時に満たしているクラブ群が, 満たしていないクラブ群より高くなっている。さらに, 存続性・参加度を同時に満たしているクラブ群は, 定期的練習を週単位で行っており, そのための施設としては公的・私的 (企業) 施設の利用が多く, 定期的な利用が可能である。それに対し, 満たしていないクラブ群では, 定期的練習の有る割合が低くなっている。施設利用については, 公的施設の利用が大部分であり, 定期的な利用については, 満たしているクラブ群より困難になっている。指導者については, 存続性・参加度を同時に満たしているクラブ群が, 満たしていないクラブ群より専任指導者を多く有しており, 報酬制度を確立しているクラブも見うけられる。以上の集団特性から, 存続性・参加度を同時に規定する要因として, (1) クラブ運営費の確立立法, (2) 種目構成, (3) 競技レベルの高さ, (4) 加入条件の存在, (5) 定期的練習の確保があげられる。As a policy for fixing daily sport activity in community people, sport clubs were established in most. Some sport clubs keep their function of club activities, however some sport clubs have disrupted. Functioning sport clubs may not only continue over a long period of time but also have a high rate of participation of members. The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors prescribing the club continuance and the participation of members. In this study, the clubs were divided into two groups on the basis of the results on club continuance and participation of members; good group (Continuance over 10 years and above 80% of participation of members) and poor group (Has less 5 years of continuance as sport club and under 40% of participation of members). The results of comparison with two groups were summarized as follows, 1) Good group operate at the expenses of members\u27 fee and funds. On the other hand, poor group operate at the expenses of only members\u27 fee. 2) Both good and poor group have their own entrance qualifications. However, most good group limited to the employee who work in the same company as a club member. 3) Most good group adopted baseball or volleyball as main club sport activity, however most members of poor group participated in soccer club. 4) Athletic level of good group were higher than that of poor group. 5) Good group practiced more regularly than the poor group

Spatial segregation of transport and signalling functions between human endothelial caveolae and lipid raft proteomes

Lipid rafts and caveolae are biochemically similar, specialized domains of the PM (plasma membrane) that cluster specific proteins. However, they are morphologically distinct, implying different, possibly complementary functions. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis preceding identification of proteins by MS was used to compare the relative abundance of proteins in DRMs (detergent-resistant membranes) isolated from HUVEC (human umbilical-vein endothelial cells), and caveolae immunopurified from DRM fractions. Various signalling and transport proteins were identified and additional cell-surface biotinylation revealed the majority to be exposed, demonstrating their presence at the PM. In resting endothelial cells, the scaffold of immunoisolated caveolae consists of only few resident proteins, related to structure [CAV1 (caveolin-1), vimentin] and transport (V-ATPase), as well as the GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-linked, surface-exposed protein CD59. Further quantitative characterization by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy of well-known [eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and CAV1], less known [SNAP-23 (23 kDa synaptosome-associated protein) and BASP1 (brain acid soluble protein 1)] and novel [C8ORF2 (chromosome 8 open reading frame 2)] proteins showed different subcellular distributions with none of these proteins being exclusive to either caveolae or DRM. However, the DRM-associated fraction of the novel protein C8ORF2 (∼5% of total protein) associated with immunoseparated caveolae, in contrast with the raft protein SNAP-23. The segregation of caveolae from lipid rafts was visually confirmed in proliferating cells, where CAV1 was spatially separated from eNOS, SNAP-23 and BASP1. These results provide direct evidence for the previously suggested segregation of transport and signalling functions between specialized domains of the endothelial plasma membrane