Utilización del Diazafluorenona (DFO) como alternativa para el revelado de huellas dactilares latentes en superficies porosas.

El presente trabajo de investigación fue realizado teniendo como objetivo principal, proponer la utilización del diazafluorenona (DFO) como alternativa para revelado de huellas dactilares latentes en superficies porosas como el papel, a causa que existen muchas situaciones y circunstancias en que las técnicas más convencionales o más utilizadas, como por ejemplo los reveladores físicos de tipo polvo, no son apropiadas para poder revelar huellas dactilares, ya que hay factores como el cambio climático o la acción del tiempo que no permiten su uso. Esta investigación fue realizada mediante un estudio de tipo bibliográfico y documental, ya que se utilizaron diferentes fuentes bibliográficas, que permitieron obtener la información necesaria, a fin de proponer el uso del reactivo Diazafluorenona como alternativa para el revelado de huellas dactilares. Como producto final de esta investigación, se presentó una propuesta de practica de laboratorio, que podrá retomarse como base en futuras investigaciones sobre este tema. Además, se pretende que se valore su implementación en los laboratorios de Química Forense y Toxicología de la Licenciatura en Química y Farmacia. La utilización del diazafluorenona como una alternativa para el revelado de huellas dactilares latentes en superficies porosas como el papel, es una técnica moderna y eficaz gracias a su característica principal que es la fluorescencia, porque es mejor obtener una huella débilmente fluorescente que una huella débilmente coloreada. Este trabajo se desarrolló como producto final del Curso de Especialización de Análisis Químico Aplicado a la Investigación Criminal de la Facultad de Química y Farmacia de la Universidad de El Salvador y se ejecutó en un período de 6 meses bajo la modalidad a distanci

Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin American Countries: First Steps of a Long Road Ahead

Background: Irrational antimicrobial consumption (AMC) became one of the main global health problems in recent decades. Objective: In order to understand AMC in Latin-American Region, we performed the present research in 6 countries. Methods: Antimicrobial consumption (J01, A07A, P01AB groups) was registered in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Paraguay, and Peru. Source of information, AMC type, DDD (Defined Daily Doses), DID (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day), population were variables explored. Data was analyzed using the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) tool. Results: Source of information included data from global, public, and private sectors. Total AMC was highly variable (range 1.91-36.26 DID). Penicillin was the most consumed group in all countries except in Paraguay, while macrolides and lincosamides were ranked second. In terms of type of AMC according to the WHO-AWaRe classification, it was found that for certain groups like “Reserve,” there are similarities among all countries. Conclusion and Relevance: This paper shows the progress that 6 Latin-American countries made toward AMC surveillance. The study provides a standardized approach for building a national surveillance system for AMC data analysis. These steps will contribute to the inclusion of Latin-America among the regions of the world that have periodic, regular, and quality data of AMC.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Identification of 12 new susceptibility loci for different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer.

To identify common alleles associated with different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we pooled data from multiple genome-wide genotyping projects totaling 25,509 EOC cases and 40,941 controls. We identified nine new susceptibility loci for different EOC histotypes: six for serous EOC histotypes (3q28, 4q32.3, 8q21.11, 10q24.33, 18q11.2 and 22q12.1), two for mucinous EOC (3q22.3 and 9q31.1) and one for endometrioid EOC (5q12.3). We then performed meta-analysis on the results for high-grade serous ovarian cancer with the results from analysis of 31,448 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, including 3,887 mutation carriers with EOC. This identified three additional susceptibility loci at 2q13, 8q24.1 and 12q24.31. Integrated analyses of genes and regulatory biofeatures at each locus predicted candidate susceptibility genes, including OBFC1, a new candidate susceptibility gene for low-grade and borderline serous EOC

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Traffic law knowledge disparity between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in California.

BackgroundThe Hispanic population is one group that is involved in a disproportionately high percentage of fatal motor vehicle collisions in the United States.Study objectivesThis study investigated demographic factors contributing to a lack of knowledge and awareness of traffic laws among Hispanic drivers involved in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) in southern California.MethodsThe cross-sectional study enrolled adults (n = 190) involved in MVCs presenting to a Level I trauma center in southern California over a 7-month period. Subjects completed a survey about California traffic law knowledge (TLK) consisting of eight multiple-choice questions. The mean number of questions answered correctly was compared between groups defined by demographic data.ResultsThe mean number of TLK questions answered correctly by Hispanic and non-Hispanic white groups were significantly different at 4.13 and 4.62, respectively (p = 0.005; 95% confidence interval -0.83 to -0.15). Scores were significantly lower in subjects who were not fluent in English, had less than a high school education, did not possess a current driver's license, and received their TLK from sources other than a driver's education class or Department of Motor Vehicle materials. Analysis of variance showed that the source of knowledge was the strongest predictor of accurate TLK.ConclusionSource of TLK is a major contributing factor to poor TLK in Hispanics. An emphasis on culturally specific traffic law education is needed

Traffic law knowledge disparity between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in California.

BackgroundThe Hispanic population is one group that is involved in a disproportionately high percentage of fatal motor vehicle collisions in the United States.Study objectivesThis study investigated demographic factors contributing to a lack of knowledge and awareness of traffic laws among Hispanic drivers involved in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) in southern California.MethodsThe cross-sectional study enrolled adults (n = 190) involved in MVCs presenting to a Level I trauma center in southern California over a 7-month period. Subjects completed a survey about California traffic law knowledge (TLK) consisting of eight multiple-choice questions. The mean number of questions answered correctly was compared between groups defined by demographic data.ResultsThe mean number of TLK questions answered correctly by Hispanic and non-Hispanic white groups were significantly different at 4.13 and 4.62, respectively (p = 0.005; 95% confidence interval -0.83 to -0.15). Scores were significantly lower in subjects who were not fluent in English, had less than a high school education, did not possess a current driver's license, and received their TLK from sources other than a driver's education class or Department of Motor Vehicle materials. Analysis of variance showed that the source of knowledge was the strongest predictor of accurate TLK.ConclusionSource of TLK is a major contributing factor to poor TLK in Hispanics. An emphasis on culturally specific traffic law education is needed

Novel therapies targeting cardioprotection and regeneration

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The heart is susceptible to pathologies that impact the myocardium directly, such as myocardial infarction and consequent heart failure, as well as conditions with indirect cardiac effects, such as cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity. As the contractile cells of the heart, cardiomyocytes are essential for normal cardiac function. Various stress stimuli may result in transient damage or cell death in cardiomyocytes through apoptosis, necrosis or maladaptive autophagy. Moreover, cardiomyocytes are unable to regenerate; thus, lost cells are replaced with fibrotic tissue, with a potentially severe impact on myocardial function. Several therapeutic agents and strategies to reduce cardiomyocyte damage are currently available. This manuscript reviews the state of the art regarding novel cardioprotective endogenous peptides, such as neuregulin-1, angiotensin-(1-9), growth/differentiation factor-11, growth/differentiation factor15 and insulin-like growth factor-1. We discuss their protective effects and therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases and the current challenges to harnessing their full cardioprotective power. We also explore targeting of exosomes as a cardioprotective approach along with the therapeutic potential of cardiac regeneration strategies. Further advances associated with these molecules and cardioprotective approaches may provide more effective therapies to attenuate or prevent cardiomyocyte death, thereby preserving the myocardium.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico: FONDAP FONDAP 15130011 FONDAP 15090007 FONDEF D11/1122 FONDECYT 1141137 FONDECYT postdoctoral fellowships 3160298 3160287 3160086 PhD fellowships from CONICYT 21140239 63140060 Colciencia