DINÂMICA DA Ilex paraguaniensis EM DOIS FRAGMENTOS DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA EM MINAS GERAIS

A espécie Ilex paraguaniensis (erva-mate) representa importante papel na cultura e economia da região sul do Brasil, mas ainda é pouco explorada em outras regiões de ocorrência no país. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a fitossociologia e dinâmica da Ilex paraguaniensis em fragmentos nativos localizados em Minas Gerais, uma vez que estas informações podem contribuir com um plano de manejo e conservação da espécie neste estado. Foram utilizados dados de parcelas medidas nos anos de 2005 e 2010, pertencentes a dois fragmentos nativos de Floresta Ombrófila Densa. Em 2005 foram mensurados os diâmetros das árvores que atendessem ao critério de inclusão (diâmetro à altura do peito ≥ 5 cm). Em 2010, além da remedição das árvores sobreviventes, recrutamento e mortalidade também foram considerados. Com estas informações, foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade, recrutamento, perda de área basal, ganho de área basal e rotatividade média. Os resultados mostram que número de indivíduos por hectare não foi alterado entre os períodos e que a taxa de ganho em área basal foi superior à de perda. Portanto, pôde-se concluir que a espécie se encontra estável nos fragmentos analisados e que a viabilidade de um plano de manejo para a mesma pode ser analisado

Modelagem mista generalizada para estimar afilamento do fuste de árvores de Pinus taeda em diferentes espaçamentos de plantio

O objetivo desse estudo foi testar dois modelos de afilamento não segmentados, considerando o ajuste de efeito fixo e ajustes de efeitos mistos, variando em relação ao nível dos coeficientes aleatórios (talhão, classe diamétrica e árvore). Foram utilizados dados de cubagem de 60 árvores de Pinus taeda em dois talhões, com espaçamentos de plantio de 4 m x 2 m e 3 m x 2 m. Os ajustes resultaram em estimativas precisas de diâmetros ao longo do fuste, com valores de RMSE inferiores a 0,87 cm e MAE inferior a 0,65 cm. O ajuste com efeitos mistos propiciou melhoria das estimativas, comparado ao ajuste com efeitos fixos. Nos modelos mistos, o efeito aleatório no nível de árvore propiciou as melhores predições, com RMSE inferior a 0,51 cm e MAE inferior a 0,38 cm. O polinômio de potências inteiras e fracionárias, com ajuste misto e efeito aleatório no nível de árvore foi selecionado e a validação pelo método Bootstrap com 100 amostras aleatórias indicou estimativas precisas em um curto intervalo. Concluiu-se que a modelagem mista é recomendada para melhorar as estimativas e o polinômio de potências inteiras e fracionárias, com os coeficientes aleatórios em nível de árvore individual, pode ser utilizado em ajuste generalizado para povoamentos com diferentes espaçamentos.

Inquérito sobre o HIV entre HSH no Brasil em 2016 usando respondent-driven sampling (RDS) : descrição dos métodos e dos diagnósticos do RDS

Introdução: Este artigo detalha os métodos utilizados na segunda Pesquisa Nacional de Vigilância Biológica e Comportamental (BBSS) do HIV, sífilis e hepatite B e C entre os homens que fazem sexo com homens no Brasil. Métodos: O método Respondent-driven Sampling (RDS) foi utilizado em 12 cidades em 2016. A amostra foi iniciada com cinco a seis sementes em cada cidade. Testes rápidos para o HIV, sífilis e Hepatite B e C foram oferecidos aos participantes. O software RDS Analyst com o estimador de amostragem sucessiva (SS) de Gile foi utilizado para ajustar os resultados como recomendado, gerando um peso para cada indivíduo para análises. Osdados das 12cidades foram unidos em um único banco e analisados usando as ferramentas de dados complexos do Stata 14.0, com cada cidade sendo tratada como seu próprio estrato. Resultados: A duração da coleta de dados variou de 5,9 a 17,6 semanas e 4.176 homens foram recrutados nas 12 cidades. Dois sites não alcançaram o tamanho da amostra alvo devido a uma demora de seis meses na aprovação local do Comitê de Ética. Todas as cidades atingiram a convergência na principal variável estudada (HIV). Conclusão: O BBSS foi representativo e concluído conforme planejado e dentro do orçamento. A descrição dos métodos aqui é mais detalhada do que o habitual, devido às novas ferramentas e requisitos de diagnóstico das novas diretrizes do STROBE-RDS.Introduction: This paper details the methods used in the second national Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BBSS) of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C among men who have sex with men in Brazil. Methods: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used in 12 cities in 2016. The targeted sample size was initiated with five to six seeds in each city. HIV, syphilis, and Hepatitis B and C rapid tests were offered to participants. RDS Analyst with Gile’s successive sampling (SS) estimator was used to adjust results as recommended and a weight for each individual was generated for further analysis. Data for the 12 cities were merged and analyzed using Stata 14.0 complex survey data tools with each city treated as its own stratum. Results: Duration of data collection varied from 5.9 to 17.6 weeks. 4,176 men were recruited in the 12 cities. Two sites failed to achieve targeted sample size due to a six-month delay in local IRB approval. No city failed to reach convergence in our major outcome variable (HIV). Conclusion: The comprehensive BBSS was completed as planned and on budget. The description of methods here is more detailed than usual, due to new diagnostic tools and requirements of the new STROBE-RDS guidelines

Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America

Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr bp) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr bp from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr bp, corroborating evidence of cultural change

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Acurácia de relações hipsométricas para diferentes estratégias de validação em Eucalyptus urograndis

The use of hypsometric relationships is essential for forest companies, since a height measurement of all the trees in the plot would make the inventory onerous. The objective of this work was to evaluate five models with five adjustment strategies, using 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 trees in the fitting. The data come from an Eucalyptus urograndis stand in Turmalina, Minas Gerais. Five diametric classes were stratified, and 10 trees per class were measured. The height was obtained with the use of an electronic physician and a DAP using a clinometer. Later, as trees were felled and their actual heights were obtained with a measuring tape. With the real data of height and diameter, it was possible to adjust hypsometric models. (R2), residua l standard error (Syx), graphical residue analysis and mean square error root (RMSE). We selected the best models within each strategy. When analyzing the dispersion graph, it was possible to perceive that there was no tendency in the models, showing that there is a normality and homogeneity of the variation between the real and estimated data. In fitting the models with5, 10 and 15 trees, the best model for the Parabolic and for fitting using 20 and 25 trees, the best model was Prodan.O uso de relações hipsométricas é essencial para empresas florestais, uma vez que a medição de altura de todas as árvores da parcela tornaria o inventário oneroso. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar cinco modelos hipsométricos com cinco estratégias de ajuste, usando 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 árvores. Os dados provêm de um povoamento de Eucalyptus urograndis em Turmalina, Minas Gerais. Foram estratificadas cinco classes diamétricas, sendo mensuradas 10 árvores por classe. A altura foi obtida com uso de um clinômetro eletrônico, e o DAP, com a utilização de uma suta. Posteriormente, as árvores foram abatidas e suas alturas reais foram obtidas com trena. Com os dados reais de altura e diâmetro, foi possível ajustar os modelos hipsométricos. A seleção do melhor modelo foi baseada nos seguintes critérios: coeficiente de determinação (R2), erro padrão residual (Syx), análise gráfica dos resíduos e raiz quadrada do erro médio (RMSE). Foram selecionados os melhores modelos dentro de cada estratégia. Ao analisar o gráfico de dispersão, foi possível perceber se houve tendenciosidade na estimativa, mostrando que existe uma normalidade e homogeneidade da variação entre os dados reais e estimados. Nas estratégias com 5, 10 e 15 árvores, o melhor modelo foi o Parabólico e, para 20 e 25 árvores foi o modelo de Prodan

Morphological quality of Croton floribundus seedlings influenced by thinning along the production cycle

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the morphological quality of Croton floribundus (known by common sense as capixingui) seedlings influenced by the moment of alternation during the production process at the nursery. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments: alternation at 60, 90, 120 days after sowing and seedlings without alternation (referred as the control group), with six repetitions of 48 plants. It was analyzed height (H), the stem diameter (DC), the H/D ratio and dry matter of aerial part (ADM), root (RDM) and total (TDM), and the Dickson Quality Index (DQI). It was concluded that the best moment to perform the thinning is between 120 and 148 days, because in this treatment, the seedlings had grown enough to respond to the reduction in density, reaching at the end of the production cycle, desirable height and diameter, higher root and total dry mater.