La aplicación de nanoparticulas de SiO2 como pretratamiento disminuye el impacto de la sequía en la performance fisiológica de Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae)

La aplicación de nanoparticulas de SiO2 como pretratamiento disminuye el impacto de la sequía en la performance fisiológica de Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae). En este trabajo se estudiaron respuestas fisiológicas de Prunus mahaleb (Mahaleb) a la sequía luego de la aplicación de diferentes concentraciones de nanoparticulas de SiO2 (SNPs) por irrigación como pretratamientos. Se aplicaron 4 concentraciones de SNPs (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L-1) durante 45 días y, a posteriori, las plantas fueron sujetas a tres regímenes hídricos que incluyeron control (300 mL cada 3 días), estrés hídrico moderado (150 mL cada 3 días) y estrés hídrico severo (sin riego) por 19 días. El intercambio de gases – fotosíntesis, conductancia estomática y transpiración –se redujo menos frente a la sequía en las plantas que recibieron pretratamientos con SNPs. El estado nutricional de las plantas tratadas con SNPs visto por la concentración de N, P y K se mantuvo bajo sequía moderada. Las plantas pretratadas con SNPs mantuvieron el largo de sus raíces y sufrieron menor impacto en su biomasa radical ante sequía. Se concluye que la aplicación de SNPs como pretratamiento podría ser una práctica agronómica para sitios propensos a déficit hídricos en épocas cercanas a la plantación.We studied the physiological responses of Prunus mahaleb (Mahaleb) seedlings to drought stress when previously irrigated (or not) with different concentrations of SiO2 nanoparticles (SNPs). SNPs were applied at four concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L-1) for 45 days, and then seedlings were subjected to three watering treatments including low (300 mL water every 3 d), moderate (150 mL water every 3 d) and severe drought stress (no irrigation) for 19 days. Results showed that gas exchange ? photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate ? were signifcantly less impacted by severe drought stress when seedlings were pretreated with SNPs at high concentrations. Benefcial effects of SNPs pretreatment were evident in the nutritional status of the plants as the concentration of N, P and K, were maintained at similar levels than in well-watered seedlings. Pretreated seedlings were able to maintain the root length and to reduce the impact of severe drought on root dry mass accumulation. Therefore, application of SNPs as pretreatment should be considered as a promising agronomic practice in sites prone to suffer from water defcitFil: Ashkavand, Peyman. Tarbiat Modares University; IránFil: Zarafshar, Mehrdad. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization; IránFil: Tabari, Masoud. Tarbiat Modares University; IránFil: Mirzaie, Javad. University of Ilam; IránFil: Nikpour, Amirreza. Gorgan University; IránFil: Bordbar, Seyed Kazem. Ohio State University; Estados UnidosFil: Struve, Daniel. Department Of Horticulture And Crop Science; Estados UnidosFil: Striker, Gustavo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentin

Isolation, characterization and molecular identification of potential probiotic lactobacilli from gastrointestinal tracts of Capoeta razii and Aristichthys nobilis

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Lactobacillus with probiotic potential from gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of Capoeta razii and bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis. GIT samples of fifteen bighead carp and sixteen C. razii were collected and homogenized in 0.9% NaCl buffer and cultured on MRS medium. Nine isolates were obtained from C. razii and 18 insolates from bighead carp. The isolates were sequentially subjected to acid- and bile salt-resistance test. Three isolates from C. razii and one isolate from bighead carp were both acid- and bile salt-resistant. These isolates were identified by sequencing 16s rRNA and subjected to BLAST analysis to find the highest similarity in GeneBank. The isolate from bighead carp and two isolates from C. razii were L. plantarum with the highest similarity with strain DR7. One of the isolates from C. razii was L. brevis with the highest similarity with strains 100D8 and BDGP6. Further studies are encouraged to assess these probiotic effects in aquaculture species growth performance and health status

Prevalence of Malnutrition among Iranian Pediatric Patients before and After Hospitalization (2015 To 2017): A Multicenter Study

Background: Malnutrition undermines the beneficial outcomes of clinical interventions and also increases hospital costs. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition through a multicenter observational study at the time of admission and discharge in Iranian hospitalized children and adolescents. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on children and adolescents aged one month to 18 years from three Iranian public tertiary pediatric hospitals located in different cities of Iran. To determine the participants’ nutritional status, Z-score of the weight for height (for those with 1month to 5years of age) and Z-score of BMI (for ≥5 to 18-year-old patients) were calculated using the WHO growth standards. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Information about 1499 patients was collected. At the time of admission, 64% of the participants had a good nutritional status, 15.5% were at high risk of wasting, 8.4% were wasted, and 12.1% were severely wasted. Among 295 malnourished patients, the nutritional status of 182 patients (63%) had been improved at the time of discharge. Also, 23% of all subjects with normal nutritional status at the admission time (85 participants), were at risk of malnutrition at discharge. The prevalence of moderate and severe malnutrition at the discharge time was about 20%. Conclusion: More than one-third of the hospitalized children had moderate or severe malnutrition or were at high risk. Although the prevalence of malnutrition decreased somewhat during hospitalization, some children were not malnourished at the time of admission and were malnourished at discharge

The global, regional, and national burden of adult lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Importance Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning.Objective To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates.Evidence Review The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019.Findings In 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000-401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000-217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000-180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000-126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia.Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts