Gut Microbiota Has a Crucial Role in the Development of Hypertension and Vascular Dysfunction in Toll-like Receptor 7-Driven Lupus Autoimmunity

Our group has investigated the involvement of gut microbiota in hypertension in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus induced by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 activation. Female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: an untreated control (CTR), a group treated with the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ), IMQ-treated with vancomycin, and IMQtreated with a cocktail of broad-spectrum antibiotics. We carried out faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from donor CTR or IMQ mice to recipient IMQ or CTR animals, respectively. Vancomycin inhibited the increase in blood pressure; improved kidney injury, endothelial function, and oxidative stress; and reduced T helper (Th)17 infiltration in aortas from IMQ-treated mice. The rise in blood pressure and vascular complications present in IMQ mice were also observed in the CTR mice recipients of IMQ microbiota. Reduced relative populations of Sutterella and Anaerovibrio were associated with high blood pressure in our animals, which were increased after stool transplantation of healthy microbiota to IMQ mice. The reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses to acetylcholine induced by IMQ microbiota were normalized after interleukin-17 neutralization. In conclusion, gut microbiota plays a role in the TLR7-driven increase in Th17 cell, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and hypertension. The vascular changes induced by IMQ microbiota were initiated by Th17 infiltrating the vasculature.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ministerio de Economía y competitividad (MINECO) (SAF2017-84894-R, PID2020-116347RBI00)Junta de Andalucía (CTS 164, P20_00193) with funds from the European Union, and by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Sara Borrell Program)MINECOEuropean Union (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Escenarios de transición agroecológica en el sistema agroalimentario español

El artículo pretende contribuir al debate sobre la transición agroalimentaria con el análisis de una serie de escenarios de transición que combinan medidas a nivel de producción con otras de consumo, analizando los impactos en las dietas y en 6 indicadores biofísicos relacionados con los sistemas planetarios.application/pd

Prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas diagnosticadas en población inmigrante y autóctona Prevalence of diagnosed chronic disorders in the inmigrant and native population

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de problemas de salud crónicos en inmigrantes y compararla con la de la población autóctona, utilizando la historia clínica electrónica (HCE) de atención primaria (AP). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con pacientes de 16 y más años incluidos en el sistema sanitario público de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se estimaron prevalencias ajustadas por edad para cada sexo y nacionalidad (agrupada en regiones) a partir de los episodios de atención registrados en la HCE de AP con alguna anotación en 2005 o 2006. Resultados: El 36,8% de la población inmigrante presentaba alguna enfermedad crónica (55,3% de autóctonos) tras ajustar por edad, con más frecuencia en mujeres y en población de origen africano y latinoamericano. Las enfermedades más prevalentes en los extranjeros fueron las alergias (tasa cruda: 10,2%), las lumbalgias (9,1%), problemas crónicos de piel (6,8%) y trastornos mentales (6,4%). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas es menor en la población extranjera y varía según el sexo y la procedencia.<br>Objective: To estimate the prevalence rates of chronic disorders in immigrants and to compare them with those in the native population, based on electronic clinical records in primary care (ECRPC). Methods: We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study in patients aged 16 and over included in the Madrid Regional Public Health System. Age-adjusted prevalence rates for each sex and region were estimated on the basis of medically examined cases registered in the ECRPC with any new data entry made in 2005 or 2006. Results: After age-adjustment, a total of 36.8% immigrants had some chronic health problem (vs. 55.3% natives). These disorders were more frequent among women and among the population from Africa and Latin America. The highest overall prevalence rates in the foreign population were allergy (10.2% crude rate), low-back pain (9.1%), chronic skin problems (6.8%) and mental disorders (6.4%). Conclusions: The prevalence rate of chronic disease is lower in the foreign population and differs according to sex and country of origin

¿Y si nos escapamos de manera virtual? Hacia la virtualización de las "escape rooms"

Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los AlimentosFac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte

The shallow-water chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) of Caldera, Region of Atacama, northern Chile

The Molluscan species of the northern littoral of Chile have been sparsely studied. This work reviews for the first time the diversity of polyplacophoran molluscs around the port of Caldera, in the Region of Atacama (26°45’49”S; 70°45’17”W to 27°20’23”S; 70°56’46”W), northern Chile. Eleven species were found in this study: Acanthopleura echinata (Barnes, 1824); Callistochiton pulchellus (Gray, 1828); Calloplax vivipara (Plate, 1899), Chaetopleura peruviana (Lamarck, 1819); Chiton cumingsii Frembly, 1827; Chiton granosus Frembly, 1827; Chiton magnificus Deshayes, 1827; Enoplochiton niger (Barnes, 1824), Radsia barnesii (Gray, 1828), Tonicia atrata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1840) and Tonicia chilensis (Frembly, 1827). All of the species occurring in the area have distributions in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, from Ecuador to central Chile, and three of them are species endemic to the Chilean coasts (Calloplax vivipara, Radsia barnesii, and Tonicia atrata). This diversity of species is comparable to that of better surveyed faunas of central and southern Chile or Patagonia. Of the eleven species recorded, the geographic distribution records for Callistochiton pulchellus, Radsia barnesii and Tonicia atrata are extended, and Calloplax vivipara is found alive again after 40 years, filling a gap in its known distribution. Illustrations of living specimens in their habitat, distribution records and a taxonomic key for all the studied taxa are also provided