Nutrición temprana: efecto de la ingesta de proteína durante los primeros meses de vida sobre el tamaño y función renales

Antecedentes: aunque por estudios en animales se conoce que el incremento de la ingesta proteica favorece el crecimiento renal y que el Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1) puede ser el mediador de este proceso, no existen ensayos clínicos controlados en humanos que aporten evidencia científica a estas teorías. Metodología: este ensayo multicéntrico Europeo (EU Childhood Obesity Project) examinó a los 6 meses de vida a 601 lactantes sanos asignados aleatoriamente durante las 8 primeras semanas de vida (mediana=14 días) a consumir una fórmula infantil con mayor o menor contenido proteicos. Estos lactantes fueron comparados con un grupo alimentado con lactancia materna. Conclusiones principales: a los 6 meses, la ingesta proteica se asociaba de forma directa al tamaño renal y corporal, así como la secreción de IGF-1. IGF-1 puede ser un mediador del crecimiento corporal y renal inducido por la proteína dietética, posiblemente mediante un mecanismo hiperplásico. .Background: Protein intake has been associated with kidney growth and function in human observational studies, and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1) has been postulated as a mediator of this process. Although this mechanism has been shown by animal models, randomized control trials have not been published in healthy infants. Methods: this multicenter European clinical trial (EU Childhood Obesity Project) examined 601 healthy 6-month-old formula-fed infants randomly assigned within the first 8 weeks of life (median 14 days) to receive an infant formula with higher or lower protein content. For comparison, 204 breastfed infants were also followed. Conclusions: higher protein content of infant formula increases kidney size at 6 months of life, whereas a lower protein supply achieves a normal kidney size relative to healthy breastfed infants. Protein intake has a direct significant relation with IGF-1 secretion. IGF-1 is a mediator of body and kidney growth, induced by protein intak

Quantitative proteomic analysis of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 in response to industrial cyanide-contain ing wastewaters using Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC- MS/MS)

Biological treatments to degrade cyanide are a powerful technology for cyanide removal from industrial wastewaters. It has been previously demonstrated that the alkaliphilic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcali genes CECT5344 is able to use free cyanide and several metal − cyanide complexes as the sole nitrogen source. In this work, the strain CECT5344 has been used for detoxification of the different chemical forms of cyanide that are present in alkaline wastewaters from the jewelry industry. This liquid residue also contains large concentration s of metals like iron, copper and zinc, making this wastewater even more toxic. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the bioremediation process, a quantitative proteomic anal- ysis by LC-MS/MS has been carried out in P . pseudoalcaligene s CECT5344 cells grown with the jewelry residue as sole nitrogen source. Different proteins related to cyanide and cyanate assimilation, as well as other proteins involved in transport and resistance to metals were induced by the cyanide-cont aining jewelry residue. GntR-like regulatory proteins were also induced by this industrial residue and mutational analysis revealed that GntR-like regulatory proteins may play a role in the regulation of cyanide assimilation in P . pseudoalcaligene s CECT5344. The strain CECT5344 has been used in a batch reactor to remove at pH 9 the dif- ferent forms of cyanide present in industrial wastewaters from the jewelry industry (0.3 g/L, ca . 12 mM total cyanide, including both free cyanide and metal − cyanide complexes). This is the first report describing the biological removal at alkaline pH of such as elevated concentra- tion of cyanide present in a heterogeneou s mixture from an industrial source

Study of peritoneal macrophage immunophenotype in sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica

During Fasciola hepatica infection, the parasite has the capability to modulate the host immune response towards a non-protector Th2 type instead of Th1. This type of immune response is closely related to the alternative activation of macrophages (M2 profile) as has been shown in vivo in murine models. In this study, an experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the expression of CD68, CD14, CD206 and iNOS in cells present in the peritoneal fluid of sheep during early stages of infection with F. hepatica (1, 3, 9 and 18 days post-infection, dpi) by immunocytochemistry. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report that studies the in vivo immunophenotype of macrophages from the peritoneal fluid of sheep infected with F. hepatica. Throughout the experiments the absolute number of leucocytes progressively increased, reaching its highest value at 18 dpi, mainly due to the increase of eosinophils. This immunocytochemical study had two purposes: 1) CD68 expression was assessed with Hansel counterstaining, to optimally identify peritoneal macrophages, eosinophils and lymphocytes; 2) expression of CD14, CD206 and iNOS was evaluated to identify alternative or classical pathways of macrophage activation. The results showed a significant increase in CD14 from day 3 dpi compared with the non-infected group. CD206 expression at all time-points showed a significant and dramatic increase in comparison with the uninfected group. On the other hand, iNOS expression showed little variation, and was significantly decreased at 18 dpi in comparison with the uninfected group. These results suggest that F. hepatica induces an alternative activation of peritoneal macrophages of sheep from the first day post-infection, which may facilitate parasite survival. This is the first report describing M2 activation of peritoneal macrophages in ruminants infected with F. hepatica.Financiación y miembro investigador en proyectos europeos H2020-SFS-2014-2-635408 PARAGONE - Vaccines for animal parasites” y un Proyecto Nacional INTERFAS (AGL2015-67023-C2-1-R9

GHEP-ISFG collaborative exercise on mixture profiles of autosomal STRs (GHEP-MIX01, GHEP-MIX02 and GHEP-MIX03): results and evaluation

One of the main objectives of the Spanish and Portuguese-Speaking Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (GHEP-ISFG) is to promote and contribute to the development and dissemination of scientific knowledge in the area of forensic genetics. Due to this fact, GHEP-ISFG holds different working commissions that are set up to develop activities in scientific aspects of general interest. One of them, the Mixture Commission of GHEP-ISFG, has organized annually, since 2009, a collaborative exercise on analysis and interpretation of autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) mixture profiles. Until now, three exercises have been organized (GHEP-MIX01, GHEP-MIX02 and GHEP-MIX03), with 32, 24 and 17 participant laboratories respectively. The exercise aims to give a general vision by addressing, through the proposal of mock cases, aspects related to the edition of mixture profiles and the statistical treatment. The main conclusions obtained from these exercises may be summarized as follows. Firstly, the data show an increased tendency of the laboratories toward validation of DNA mixture profiles analysis following international recommendations (ISO/IEC 17025:2005). Secondly, the majority of discrepancies are mainly encountered in stutters positions (53.4%, 96.0% and 74.9%, respectively for the three editions). On the other hand, the results submitted reveal the importance of performing duplicate analysis by using different kits in order to reduce errors as much as possible. Regarding the statistical aspect (GHEP-MIX02 and 03), all participants employed the likelihood ratio (LR) parameter to evaluate the statistical compatibility and the formulas employed were quite similar. When the hypotheses to evaluate the LR value were locked by the coordinators (GHEP-MIX02) the results revealed a minor number of discrepancies that were mainly due to clerical reasons. However, the GHEP-MIX03 exercise allowed the participants to freely come up with their own hypotheses to calculate the LR value. In this situation the laboratories reported several options to explain the mock cases proposed and therefore significant differences between the final LR values were obtained. Complete information concerning the background of the criminal case is a critical aspect in order to select the adequate hypotheses to calculate the LR value. Although this should be a task for the judicial court to decide, it is important for the expert to account for the different possibilities and scenarios, and also offer this expertise to the judge. In addition, continuing education in the analysis and interpretation of mixture DNA profiles may also be a priority for the vast majority of forensic laboratories.Fil: Sala, Adriana Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Crespillo, M.. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Barrio, P. A.. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Luque, J. A.. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Alves, Cíntia. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Aler, M.. Servicio de Laboratorio. Sección de Genética Forense y Criminalística; EspañaFil: Alessandrini, F.. Università Politecnica delle Marche. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health; ItaliaFil: Andrade, L.. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Delegação do Centro. Serviço de Genética e Biologia Forenses; PortugalFil: Barretto, R. M.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Bofarull, A.. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Costa, S.. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses; PortugalFil: García, M. A.. Servicio de Criminalística de la Guardia Civil. Laboratorio Central de Criminalística. Departamento de Biología; EspañaFil: García, O.. Basque Country Police. Forensic Genetics Section. Forensic Science Unit; EspañaFil: Gaviria, A.. Cruz Roja Ecuatoriana. Laboratorio de Genética Molecular; EcuadorFil: Gladys, A.. Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Gorostiza, A.. Grupo Zeltia. Genomica S. A. U.. Laboratorio de Identificación Genética; EspañaFil: Hernández, A.. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Herrera, M.. Laboratorio Genda S. A.; ArgentinaFil: Hombreiro, L.. Jefatura Superior de Policía de Galicia. Brigada de Policía Científica. Laboratorio Territorial de Biología – ADN; EspañaFil: Ibarra, A. A.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Jiménez, M. J.. Policia de la Generalitat – Mossos d’Esquadra. Divisió de Policia Científica. Àrea Central de Criminalística. Unitat Central de Laboratori Biològic; EspañaFil: Luque, G. M.. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Madero, P.. Centro de Análisis Genéticos; EspañaFil: Martínez Jarreta, B.. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Masciovecchio, M. Verónica. IACA Laboratorios; ArgentinaFil: Modesti, Nidia Maria. Provincia de Córdoba. Poder Judicial; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, F.. Servicio Médico Legal. Unidad de Genética Forense; ChileFil: Pagano, S.. Dirección Nacional de Policía Técnica. Laboratorio de Análisis de ADN para el CODIS; UruguayFil: Pedrosa, S.. Navarra de Servicios y Tecnologías S. A. U.; EspañaFil: Plaza, G.. Neodiagnostica S. L.; EspañaFil: Prat, E.. Comisaría General de Policía Científica. Laboratorio de ADN; EspañaFil: Puente, J.. Laboratorio de Genética Clínica S. L.; EspañaFil: Rendo, F.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Ribeiro, T.. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Delegação Sul. Serviço de Genética e Biologia Forenses; PortugalFil: Santamaría, E.. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses; EspañaFil: Saragoni, V. G.. Servicio Médico Legal. Departamento de Laboratorios. Unidad de Genética Forense; ChileFil: Whittle, M. R.. Genomic Engenharia Molecular; Brasi

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Withdrawal Is Associated with Higher Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Our main aim was to describe the effect on the severity of ACEI (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) and ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker) during COVID-19 hospitalization. A retrospective, observational, multicenter study evaluating hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with ACEI/ARB. The primary endpoint was the incidence of the composite outcome of prognosis (IMV (invasive mechanical ventilation), NIMV (non-invasive mechanical ventilation), ICU admission (intensive care unit), and/or all-cause mortality). We evaluated both outcomes in patients whose treatment with ACEI/ARB was continued or withdrawn. Between February and June 2020, 11,205 patients were included, mean age 67 years (SD = 16.3) and 43.1% female; 2162 patients received ACEI/ARB treatment. ACEI/ARB treatment showed lower all-cause mortality (p < 0.0001). Hypertensive patients in the ACEI/ARB group had better results in IMV, ICU admission, and the composite outcome of prognosis (p < 0.0001 for all). No differences were found in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events. Patients previously treated with ACEI/ARB continuing treatment during hospitalization had a lower incidence of the composite outcome of prognosis than those whose treatment was withdrawn (RR 0.67, 95%CI 0.63-0.76). ARB was associated with better survival than ACEI (HR 0.77, 95%CI 0.62-0.96). ACEI/ARB treatment during COVID-19 hospitalization was associated with protection on mortality. The benefits were greater in hypertensive, those who continue

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Influence of Solvent and Substrate on Hydrophobicity of PLA Films

The study of the surface properties of materials is key in determining whether the material will be suitable for medical purposes. One of these properties is hydrophobicity, which is important when assessing its behavior against bacterial adhesion. In this work, we have studied the influence of the solvent (chloroform, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran) and the substrate (glass, PTFE, silicone, and Ti6Al4V) on which polylactic acid is deposited in solution to manufacture films by solvent-casting. Thus, it has been found that there are no significant differences in hydrophobicity and surface tension among the solvents evaluated, but there are significant differences with respect to the substrates: PLA films casted on silicone are hydrophobic, while those casted on the rest of the substrates are hydrophilic. This is related to the fact that the silicone interacts with the polymer modifying its spatial arrangement, exposing its methyl groups towards the interface with the air. In this way, it has been shown that, when manufacturing PLA films, it is important to choose the right surface on which to deposit them, depending on their desired function