Analyse & Optimisation de la Gestion de la bourse de l'emploi des remplaçants

Ce travail de Bachelor consiste en l’analyse et l’optimisation de la gestion de la bourse de l’emploi des remplaçants au sein du Canton du Valais. En effet, l’État a lancé depuis la rentrée 2015, une gestion centrée sur la plateforme ISM. Cette dernière ne sera rendue obligatoire que dès la rentrée 2016. L’objectif de ce mandat est d’analyser les processus inclus dans la thématique puis de les optimiser afin d’augmenter les performances du système autant que la satisfaction des différents usagers. Dans le but de répondre aux objectifs, les principes de modélisation ont été utilisés pour l’analyse des processus et une enquête quantitative a été menée pour évaluer les performances et la satisfaction concernant la plateforme ISM. Cet ensemble permet, après synthèse, d’énoncer un certain nombre de recommandations utiles au mandant

Variabilidade genética de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae

A mancha bacteriana, causada por Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae, é uma das mais importantes doenças do maracujazeiro, podendo limitar a produção dessa frutífera em algumas regiões do País. O uso de resistência genética e controle químico, juntamente com o emprego de medidas de exclusão, são as práticas de controle da doença mais recomendadas. Para o desenvolvimento de variedades resistentes é necessário conhecer tanto a variabilidade genética do hospedeiro quanto do patógeno. Nesse trabalho foi estudada a variabilidade de cinqüenta isolados patogênicos de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae, coletados em quatro diferentes locais no estado de São Paulo. No estudo da variabilidade genética foram usados dados de marcadores moleculares RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA), os quais foram usados para o cálculo do coeficiente de similaridade de Dice entre os isolados, análise de variância molecular (AMOVA) entre e dentro das populações e agrupamento dos isolados pelo método UPGMA. Para análise da agressividade foram usados cinco isolados, mais divergentes, baseado no dendrograma. O coeficiente de similaridade variou entre 0,6887 e 0,9688. Na análise de agrupamento, os isolados foram separados em sete grupos e não houve relação evidente entre local de coleta com a composição dos grupos. Na análise da variância molecular (AMOVA) verificou-se que a maior parte da variabilidade genética está dentro das populações (89,4%) e apenas 10,6%, entre populações. Os resultados da análise de agrupamento e da AMOVA indicam que existe grande fluxo gênico entre isolados bacterianos nas regiões analisadas. No teste de patogenicidade verificou-se diferença significativa de agressividade entre os isolados. Os resultados demonstram a importância do conhecimento da variabilidade genética e da agressividade na seleção dos isolados para serem utilizados em testes de resistência genética no desenvolvimento de variedades resistentes.The bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae , is one of the most important diseases of passion fruit, which can drastically limit the production in some regions of Brazil. The use of genetic resistance, chemical control and the adoption of exclusion measures are the more recommended practices for the control of this disease. To produce the resistant varieties knowledge about the variability of both host and pathogen is needed. In this study, we investigated the variability of 50 pathogenic isolates of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae, collected from four production areas in São Paulo State. We used RAPD markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) for identification of the degree of genetic similarities through dice coefficient, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), among as well as within populations and clustering by the UPGMA method. Based on the clustering, the five more divergent isolates were selected for agressiveness trials. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.6887 to 0.9688. Clustering analysis grouped the isolates in seven categories and neither apparent correlation was identified among their geographical origin no clustering pattern. The AMOVA data showed that the variability within and among populations were 89.4% and 10.6% respectively. The clustering analysis indicated genic flow among the different production areas. The results highlights the importance of taking into consideration the bacterial genetic variability of this bacterium as well as its agressiveness during the selection of resistant varieties

The influence of parental variables and child behavioral inhibition on social anxiety in preschool children: The moderator effects of gender

The main objective of this study was to examine how parental characteristics, such as social anxiety (SA) and parental overprotection, and child's behavioral inhibition (BI) interact and contribute to the manifestation of SA symptoms in preschoolers. Parents (Mothers: n= 319; Fathers: n= 263) of children aged between 3 and 6 years answered to self-report measures of overprotection and SA and measures of SA and BI about their children. A positive moderate direct association was observed between children's BI and children's SA, independently of gender. Overprotection arises as a mediator of the effects of the parents' social anxiety on children's SA; however, this mediation depends both on the child's and parents' gender. Only mother's SA was directly related to children's SA, independently of the gender of the child. Overall, these findings extend to preschool children the previous studies that consider parents' overprotective styles and social anxiety, as well as child's BI, the main variables underlying the SA in childhood. In addition, our results highlight the importance of considering the moderator role of gender in the origin and maintenance of SA symptoms in preschoolers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Incidence of aflatoxins and fumonisins in grain, masa and corn tortillas in four municipalities in the department of Lempira, Honduras

In Honduras, corn is the most important staple food for the majority of the population. This high-demand crop is susceptible to biological contamination with mycotoxins, which could represent a latent hazard for consumers. To assess the incidence of aflatoxins and fumonisins in grain, masa and tortilla, and the dietary exposure to these substances among consumers, a study was conducted in four municipalities in the department of Lempira. Total aflatoxin and fumonisin content were quantified by fluorometry in 144 samples from 48 farmers. Sixty five percent of the samples were contaminated with aflatoxins with levels of 1.28–32.05, 1.15 to 12.61, and 1.01–5.98 μg/kg in grain, masa and tortilla, respectively. Fumonisins were detected in 100% of the samples at levels between 0.82 and 28.04, 0.66 and 14.36, and 0.63 and 12.04 mg/kg in grain, masa and tortilla, respectively. The reduction in aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination after processing grains into tortillas was of 83% and 52%, respectively. The difference in aflatoxin and fumonisin concentration in the three products was significant (p \u3c 0.05). With a per capita tortilla consumption of 490 g/day, dietary exposure was estimated between 0.003 and 0.073 μg/kg bw/day for aflatoxins and 6.16 and 151.98 μg/kg bw/day for fumonisins. Therefore, the risk of exposure to mycotoxins in the evaluated communities was considered high. Mixed effect models showed that postharvest grain management and the nixtamalization process affect the incidence of mycotoxins in corn-based products

Intermittent Fasting: how long is enough?

The rise in obesity numbers worldwide have led to an increase in associated co morbidities and consequently to a rise in the direct and indirect costs to society. For these reasons it is essential to treat obese and overweight individuals and to prevent the emergence of new cases. However, one of the most widely used approaches for the treatment of obesity, the daily calorie restriction diets, have been shown to be ineffective due to low adherence, becoming urgent to find new methods for control and treat this multifactorial disease. Therefore, intermittent fasting approaches have gained popularity because they have been shown to be effective in reducing body weight and body fat, while preserving lean tissue and, as such, have been seen as a solution to the replacement of traditional daily caloric restriction diets

Effect of high-pressure processing on the microbial load and functionality of sugar-cookie dough

Background and objectives: Refrigerated dough products have the potential to be a safety hazard to consumers because they could be consumed raw or undercooked. The objectives of this study were designed to evaluate the microbial and functionality changes in high pressured sugar-cookie dough as a function of aw (0.80–0.87), pressure level (100–600 MPa), and holding time (1–6 min). Findings: Endogenous microbial populations were marginally reduced (0.2–0.5 log CFU/g) by pressure treatments. However, treating the dough at 600 MPa for 6 min significantly reduced counts of inoculated Escherichia coli by as much as 2.0 log CFU/g. Increasing the aw of cookie dough from 0.80 to 0.87 did not play a significant role in the reduction of microbial counts; however, it yielded a softer and thicker cookie when baked. Dough and cookie physical characteristics did not differ significantly among HPP-treated and control doughs within the same aw level. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that pressure treatment has the potential to improve the microbiological quality of wheat-based cookie doughs. However, variations in food matrix composition must be considered because some food constituents, such as sugar and fat, may protect microorganisms against pressure-induced inactivation. Significance and novelty: The results reported here have practical implications for the food industry and contributes to understand the effects of high-pressure processing on wheat-based cookie doughs and their microbial loads

Ankle stiffness assessment in individuals with chronic ankle instability in dual-task single leg stance on an unstable surface

The shoulder of handball players suffers from the ongoing repetition of movement that may lead to the development of joint instability and modification of proprioceptive condition. Because the articular components of the shoulder joint are considered to have extreme importance on the static and dynamic stabilisation and quality of proprioceptive information, they may compromise the athlete’s performance. The purpose of our study was to verify if shoulder strength parameters (SSP) and joint position sense (JPS) of shoulder internal and external rotation may contribute to the development of shoulder instability in handball players.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Invasive and non-invasive congeneric Centaurea (Asteraceae) show contrasting patterns of herbivory by snails

Background and aims – Once introduced into new regions, exotic species often experience shifts in resource allocation in response to the different environmental conditions found in the introduction range. Plants naturally respond to specialist herbivores with quantitative defences, by producing large amounts of toxic and non-toxic compounds that typically difficult digestion (e.g. tannins, cellulose), and to generalist herbivores with qualitative defences, like specialized noxious chemicals (e.g. alkaloids). The Shifting Defence Hypothesis (SDH) poses that invasive plants decrease the production of defences against specialist herbivores in their introduction range, where specialist herbivores are usually absent, while boosting the production of defences against generalist herbivores. Methods – We empirically assessed the response of a generalist herbivore, the common garden snail (Helix aspersa), to feeding with leaves of the annual herb Centaurea sulphurea, native to Europe and naturalized in North America; and the congeneric species C. solstitialis, which is also native to Europe and invasive in the Americas. Key results – Snails fed with leaves from Spanish native populations the non-invasive C. sulphurea grew significantly less compared to snails fed with leaves from non-native California. For snails fed with the invasive C. solstitialis significant differences were also found among regions, but the response was more complex, depending on population, with snails fed with Turkish and Australian plants presenting higher growth rates than the rest of the regions. Conclusions – Overall, our results stressed the importance of colonization history in shaping adaptive responses, and the stochasticity associated with colonization events of two closely related species, with contrasting invasive success and responses to herbivory.Fil: Filipe, João C.. Universidad de Coimbra; PortugalFil: Jorge, Andreia. Universidad de Coimbra; PortugalFil: Eren, Ozkan. Adnan Menderes Universitesi; TurquíaFil: Sotes, Gastón. Universidad de Concepción. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas. Departamento de Botánica; Chile. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Hierro, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Montesinos, Daniel. Universidad de Coimbra; Portuga

Imagem Técnica: Ontologia, Arte e Sociedade

Ética da Image

Calibration of infusion pumps using liquids whose physical properties differ from those of water

Infusion medical devices are used in field applications, namely in clinical environments, here are used several types of liquids, according to the therapeutic to be administrated into the patient. In order to determine the influence of the fluids physical properties, such as viscosity and density and to produce an adequate reference liquid, tests were performed with a syringe pump, using the gravimetric method as reference calibration method.publishersversionpublishe