La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia. Departamento de Boyacá y Cauca

El contenido de este documento es el resultado de la apropiación de los conocimientos adquiridos en el desarrollo y análisis de las temáticas del Diplomado de Profundización de Acompañamiento Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD, determinado por casos de víctimas de violencia, mediante el análisis de estos desde una perspectiva psicológica orientada a la identificación y comprensión desde el componente practico, con herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia como la imagen y la narrativa. En este documento se presenta el análisis de un relato tomado del libro Voces: historias de violencia y esperanza "relato: Alfredo Campo", se hace un análisis reflexivo teniendo como referencia una serie de interrogantes a los cuales se da respuesta bajo un pensamiento sistémico amparado por el enfoque narrativo, sustentado por las diferentes referencias de apoyo. Posteriormente se da a la tarea de hacer un análisis y presentación de estrategias de abordaje psicosocial para el caso particular llamado "peñas coloradas". Una de las muchas historias de violencia que tiene el país en la historia reciente. Se pretende hacer un análisis de acuerdo a unos ítems que servirán de orientación para la realización del mismo, se crean unas estrategias psicosociales con objetivos claros, una serie de acciones por implementar con el fin de lograr impacto, que pueden ser puestas en práctica con la comunidad de peñas coloradas que, aunque no existan como comunidad para el estado, son un grupo de personas organizadas que buscan un territorio donde convivir como comunidad de manera legal ante el estado. Por último, el informe analítico y reflexivo de la experiencia de foto voz de cada uno de los integrantes del grupo y la importancia que le da al territorio como entramado simbólico y vinculante en cada uno de los lugares donde se tuvo esa experiencia teniendo en cuenta que fueron diferentes lugares geográficos y culturales del país, se plantean las reflexiones psicosociales y políticas que dejó la experiencia.The content of this document is the result of the appropriation of the knowledge acquired in the development and analysis of the topics of the Diploma of Deepening of Psychosocial Accompaniment in Violence Scenes of the National Open and Distance University UNAD, determined by cases of victims of violence, through the analysis of these from a psychological perspective oriented to the identification and understanding through the practical component, with tools for the psychosocial approach in violence scenarios such as image and narrative. This document presents the analysis of a story taken from the book Voices: stories of violence and hope "story: Alfredo Campo", a reflective analysis is made taking as reference a series of questions to which an answer is given under a protected systemic thought by the narrative approach, supported by the different supporting references. Subsequently, he is given the task of making an analysis and presentation of psychosocial approach strategies for the particular case called "peñas coloradas". One of the many stories of violence that the country has in recent history. It is intended to make an analysis according to some items that will serve as guidance for its realization, psychosocial strategies are created with clear objectives, a series of actions to be implemented in order to achieve impact, which can be put into practice with the community of red rocks that, although they do not exist as a community for the state, are a group of organized people who seek a territory where they can coexist as a community legally before the state. Finally, the analytical and reflective report of the photo-voice experience of each of the members of the group and the importance given to the territory as a symbolic and binding framework in each of the places where that experience was had, taking into account that They were different geographical and cultural places in the country, the psychosocial and political reflections left by the experience are raised

Large scale multifactorial likelihood quantitative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants: An ENIGMA resource to support clinical variant classification

The multifactorial likelihood analysis method has demonstrated utility for quantitative assessment of variant pathogenicity for multiple cancer syndrome genes. Independent data types currently incorporated in the model for assessing BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants include clinically calibrated prior probability of pathogenicity based on variant location and bioinformatic prediction of variant effect, co-segregation, family cancer history profile, co-occurrence with a pathogenic variant in the same gene, breast tumor pathology, and case-control information. Research and clinical data for multifactorial likelihood analysis were collated for 1,395 BRCA1/2 predominantly intronic and missense variants, enabling classification based on posterior probability of pathogenicity for 734 variants: 447 variants were classified as (likely) benign, and 94 as (likely) pathogenic; and 248 classifications were new or considerably altered relative to ClinVar submissions. Classifications were compared with information not yet included in the likelihood model, and evidence strengths aligned to those recommended for ACMG/AMP classification codes. Altered mRNA splicing or function relative to known nonpathogenic variant controls were moderately to strongly predictive of variant pathogenicity. Variant absence in population datasets provided supporting evidence for variant pathogenicity. These findings have direct relevance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant evaluation, and justify the need for gene-specific calibration of evidence types used for variant classification

Large scale multifactorial likelihood quantitative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants: An ENIGMA resource to support clinical variant classification

Abstract The multifactorial likelihood analysis method has demonstrated utility for quantitative assessment of variant pathogenicity for multiple cancer syndrome genes. Independent data types currently incorporated in the model for assessing BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants include clinically calibrated prior probability of pathogenicity based on variant location and bioinformatic prediction of variant effect, co-segregation, family cancer history profile, co-occurrence with a pathogenic variant in the same gene, breast tumor pathology, and case-control information. Research and clinical data for multifactorial likelihood analysis were collated for 1395 BRCA1/2 predominantly intronic and missense variants, enabling classification based on posterior probability of pathogenicity for 734 variants: 447 variants were classified as (likely) benign, and 94 as (likely) pathogenic; 248 classifications were new or considerably altered relative to ClinVar submissions. Classifications were compared to information not yet included in the likelihood model, and evidence strengths aligned to those recommended for ACMG/AMP classification codes. Altered mRNA splicing or function relative to known non-pathogenic variant controls were moderately to strongly predictive of variant pathogenicity. Variant absence in population datasets provided supporting evidence for variant pathogenicity. These findings have direct relevance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant evaluation, and justify the need for gene-specific calibration of evidence types used for variant classification. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

La investigación formativa

Se ha realizado el tercer Encuentro Científico y Educativo de Experiencias Investigativas (ece2i), un espacio de investigación formativa de suma importancia para la comunidad académica de la UNIAJC, en cuanto en él se socializan los aportes realizados por estudiantes y docentes, producto de sus trabajos investigativos desarrollados al interior de los grupos y semilleros de la Institución. En este documento, que consolida la memoria académica del evento, da cuenta de la diversidad de trabajos y la pertinencia de ellos en el contexto inmediato. Definitivamente, este ejercicio de escritura es una muestra de cómo nuestros estudiantes y docentes se piensan la universidad desde su quehacer cotidiano y académico. Recae sobre cada uno de nosotros la responsabilidad de darle el impacto que realmente se merece esta publicación, donde docentes y estudiantes se han esforzado por resolver problemáticas puntuales que atienden necesidades concretas de nuestro entorno

Clinical characterization of data-driven diabetes subgroups in Mexicans using a reproducible machine learning approach

Introduction Previous reports in European populations demonstrated the existence of five data-driven adult-onset diabetes subgroups. Here, we use self-normalizing neural networks (SNNN) to improve reproducibility of these data-driven diabetes subgroups in Mexican cohorts to extend its application to more diverse settings.Research design and methods We trained SNNN and compared it with k-means clustering to classify diabetes subgroups in a multiethnic and representative population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets with all available measures (training sample: NHANES-III, n=1132; validation sample: NHANES 1999–2006, n=626). SNNN models were then applied to four Mexican cohorts (SIGMA-UIEM, n=1521; Metabolic Syndrome cohort, n=6144; ENSANUT 2016, n=614 and CAIPaDi, n=1608) to characterize diabetes subgroups in Mexicans according to treatment response, risk for chronic complications and risk factors for the incidence of each subgroup.Results SNNN yielded four reproducible clinical profiles (obesity related, insulin deficient, insulin resistant, age related) in NHANES and Mexican cohorts even without C-peptide measurements. We observed in a population-based survey a high prevalence of the insulin-deficient form (41.25%, 95% CI 41.02% to 41.48%), followed by obesity-related (33.60%, 95% CI 33.40% to 33.79%), age-related (14.72%, 95% CI 14.63% to 14.82%) and severe insulin-resistant groups. A significant association was found between the SLC16A11 diabetes risk variant and the obesity-related subgroup (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.83, p=0.008). Among incident cases, we observed a greater incidence of mild obesity-related diabetes (n=149, 45.0%). In a diabetes outpatient clinic cohort, we observed increased 1-year risk (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.51) and 2-year risk (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.31) for incident retinopathy in the insulin-deficient group and decreased 2-year diabetic retinopathy risk for the obesity-related subgroup (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.89).Conclusions Diabetes subgroup phenotypes are reproducible using SNNN; our algorithm is available as web-based tool. Application of these models allowed for better characterization of diabetes subgroups and risk factors in Mexicans that could have clinical applications

Intraoperative transfusion practices in Europe

Transfusion of allogeneic blood influences outcome after surgery. Despite widespread availability of transfusion guidelines, transfusion practices might vary among physicians, departments, hospitals and countries. Our aim was to determine the amount of packed red blood cells (pRBC) and blood products transfused intraoperatively, and to describe factors determining transfusion throughout Europe. We did a prospective observational cohort study enrolling 5803 patients in 126 European centres that received at least one pRBC unit intraoperatively, during a continuous three month period in 2013. The overall intraoperative transfusion rate was 1.8%; 59% of transfusions were at least partially initiated as a result of a physiological transfusion trigger- mostly because of hypotension (55.4%) and/or tachycardia (30.7%). Haemoglobin (Hb)- based transfusion trigger alone initiated only 8.5% of transfusions. The Hb concentration [mean (sd)] just before transfusion was 8.1 (1.7) g dl and increased to 9.8 (1.8) g dl after transfusion. The mean number of intraoperatively transfused pRBC units was 2.5 (2.7) units (median 2). Although European Society of Anaesthesiology transfusion guidelines are moderately implemented in Europe with respect to Hb threshold for transfusion (7-9 g dl), there is still an urgent need for further educational efforts that focus on the number of pRBC units to be transfused at this threshold

Recomendaciones para el uso racional de la prueba 25-hidroxi vitamina D Policy Brief

El incremento exponencial en la solicitud de pruebas de laboratorio de 25-Hidroxivitamina D o [25(OH)D ha encendido las alarmas y generado un fuerte llamado de atención, dado que puede reflejar falencias en la estandarización de la práctica clínica y en el uso no sistemático de la evidencia científica para la toma de decisiones en la vida real, que permitan analizar las indicaciones de la prueba, su frecuencia, interpretación e incluso para valorar el impacto para los sistemas de salud, especialmente cuando se contrasta con los mínimos o casi nulos efectos de la estrategia de tamizar o suplir indiscriminadamente a la población general, sin considerar una evaluación clínica integral de riesgos y necesidades de las personas. Desde un punto de vista meramente de impacto en salud pública, la consecuencia de solicitudes masivas y no indicadas, están afectando a la mayoría de los sistemas e instituciones de salud a nivel global. Los estudios primarios que determinaban valores de ingesta promedio poblacional, han sido ampliamente utilizados en la formulación de recomendaciones en Guías de Práctica Clínica (GPC), pero lastimosamente interpretados de forma errónea como puntos de corte para diagnosticar enfermedad y permitir la exagerada prescripción de esquemas de suplencia. El coeficiente de variación en los ensayos de rutina para medir niveles sanguíneos de 25(OH)D3 es alto (28%), disminuyendo la precisión global de la prueba y de forma simultánea, incrementando tanto los valores falsamente altos como falsamente bajos. La evidencia científica más reciente, analiza y cuestiona seriamente, la utilidad y el efecto real de la práctica masiva e indiscriminada de prescribir vitamina D sin un análisis exhaustivo de riesgo. La evidencia disponible es insuficiente para recomendar de forma general la suplencia de vitamina D para prevenir fracturas, caídas, cambios en la densidad mineral ósea, incidencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares, enfermedad cerebrovascular, neoplasias y tampoco en modificar la curva de crecimiento de hijos de madres que recibieron vitamina D como suplencia durante la gestación. Las recomendaciones presentadas en el documento se sustentan en el análisis crítico de la evidencia actual y en los principios de buenas prácticas clínicas e invitan a considerar un uso racional de las pruebas de 25(OH)D en el contexto de una práctica clínica centrada en las personas y una evaluación integral de necesidades y riesgos. Los principios de buena práctica sugieren que los clínicos puedan ser capaces de justificar que los resultados de la prueba de 25(OH)D influyen de manera contundente y definida la práctica clínica y modifican los desenlaces que interesan a las personas e impactan en su salud y bienestar. En la actualidad no hay claridad de cómo interpretar los resultados, y la relación entre los síntomas y los niveles de 25(OH)D, la cual, podría no ser consistente con la alta prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D reportada. Por tal razón, se sugiere revisar la racionalidad de la solicitud de pruebas para monitoreo sistemático de niveles de 25(OH)D o en todos los casos donde se realiza suplencia. Considerar el uso de las pruebas de 25(OH)D dentro de la evaluación integral de personas con sospecha o confirmación de las siguientes condiciones: raquitismo, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, híper o hipo paratiroidismo, síndromes de mala absorción, sarcopenia, enfermedad ósea metabólica

Biodiversidad 2017. Estado y tendencias de la biodiversidad continental de Colombia

En la cuarta versión del Reporte, que corresponde al año 2017, es una obligación preguntarnos cuál ha sido y es el papel de esta publicación y si ha abarcado la diversidad de formas y conceptos que definen el estado y el futuro de la biodiversidad colombiana. Las temáticas que constituyen la columna vertebral de cada uno de los reportes anuales responden a temas de pertinencia, nivel de incidencia y actualidad desde cada uno de los diferentes niveles de organización de la biodiversidad y buscan responder las siguientes preguntas fundamentales: 1) ¿Cómo se encuentra la biodiversidad del país? 2)¿Qué factores, en dónde y en qué medida está siendo afectada? 3)¿Cuáles son las iniciativas que desde la sociedad civil o a nivel de políticas públicas buscan evitar esa pérdida? 4)¿Cuáles son las grandes oportunidades para mejorar su gestión y manejo? Si bien evaluar la incidencia que puede tener el Reporte sobre acciones de gestión no es tarea fácil, se debe reconocer la buena acogida que han tenido los textos, las ilustraciones y la cifras entre los distintos tipos de lectores y el papel fundamental que ha jugado el Reporte en comunicar información de altísima calidad sobre la biodiversidad colombiana en diferentes momentos coyunturales. En ese sentido esta publicación es cada vez más una herramienta de consulta y referencia que está abierta al público tanto en formato impreso como digital, y de la misma manera busca fortalecerse para continuar brindando información relevante para la toma de decisiones en materia ambiental.BogotáSubdirección de Investigacione

Intraoperative transfusion practices in Europe

© 2016 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Journal of Anaesthesia.Background: Transfusion of allogeneic blood influences outcome after surgery. Despite widespread availability of transfusion guidelines, transfusion practices might vary among physicians, departments, hospitals and countries. Our aim was to determine the amount of packed red blood cells (pRBC) and blood products transfused intraoperatively, and to describe factors determining transfusion throughout Europe. Methods: We did a prospective observational cohort study enrolling 5803 patients in 126 European centres that received at least one pRBC unit intraoperatively, during a continuous three month period in 2013. Results: The overall intraoperative transfusion rate was 1.8%; 59% of transfusions were at least partially initiated as a result of a physiological transfusion trigger- mostly because of hypotension (55.4%) and/or tachycardia (30.7%). Haemoglobin (Hb)- based transfusion trigger alone initiated only 8.5% of transfusions. The Hb concentration [mean (sd)] just before transfusion was 8.1 (1.7) g dl-1 and increased to 9.8 (1.8) g dl-1 after transfusion. The mean number of intraoperatively transfused pRBC units was 2.5 (2.7) units (median 2). Conclusions: Although European Society of Anaesthesiology transfusion guidelines are moderately implemented in Europe with respect to Hb threshold for transfusion (7-9 g dl-1), there is still an urgent need for further educational efforts that focus on the number of pRBC units to be transfused at this threshold

Intraoperative transfusion practices and perioperative outcome in the European elderly: A secondary analysis of the observational ETPOS study

The demographic development suggests a dramatic growth in the number of elderly patients undergoing surgery in Europe. Most red blood cell transfusions (RBCT) are administered to older people, but little is known about perioperative transfusion practices in this population. In this secondary analysis of the prospective observational multicentre European Transfusion Practice and Outcome Study (ETPOS), we specifically evaluated intraoperative transfusion practices and the related outcomes of 3149 patients aged 65 years and older. Enrolled patients underwent elective surgery in 123 European hospitals, received at least one RBCT intraoperatively and were followed up for 30 days maximum. The mean haemoglobin value at the beginning of surgery was 108 (21) g/l, 84 (15) g/l before transfusion and 101 (16) g/l at the end of surgery. A median of 2 [1–2] units of RBCT were administered. Mostly, more than one transfusion trigger was present, with physiological triggers being preeminent. We revealed a descriptive association between each intraoperatively administered RBCT and mortality and discharge respectively, within the first 10 postoperative days but not thereafter. In our unadjusted model the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.08–1.15) and the HR for discharge was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.74–0.83). After adjustment for several variables, such as age, preoperative haemoglobin and blood loss, the HR for mortality was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05–1.15) and HR for discharge was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78–0.87). Preoperative anaemia in European elderly surgical patients is undertreated. Various triggers seem to support the decision for RBCT. A closer monitoring of elderly patients receiving intraoperative RBCT for the first 10 postoperative days might be justifiable. Further research on the causal relationship between RBCT and outcomes and on optimal transfusion strategies in the elderly population is warranted. A thorough analysis of different time periods within the first 30 postoperative days is recommended