Zones fonctionnelles pour les ressources halieutiques dans les eaux sous souveraineté française: Deuxième partie : Inventaire. Rapport d'étude. Les publications du Pôle halieutique AGROCAMPUS OUEST n°46

Suite à l’adoption de la loi pour la reconquête de la biodiversité, de la nature et des paysages, une nouvelle catégorie d’Aire Marine Protégée, appelée "zone de conservation halieutique" (ZCH) a été créée, leur vocation étant de préserver ou de restaurer des zones fonctionnelles importantes pour le cycle de vie des ressources halieutiques. Le Ministère de l’Environnement, de l’Energie et de la Mer a donc souhaité faire répertorier les zones fonctionnelles halieutiques d’ores et déjà connues dans les eaux territoriales françaises. Pour chaque façade maritime métropolitaine, la seconde partie de ce travail, présentée dans ce rapport, s’est organisée en 4 étapes :•Dresser la liste des zones fonctionnelles halieutiques identifiées de manière quantitative et les présenter sous forme d’atlas cartographique ;•Réaliser un inventaire des campagnes scientifiques halieutiques de poursuivre ce travail d’identification des zones fonctionnelles halieutiques ;•Présenter une synthèse des méthodes permettant d’identifier les zones fonctionnelles halieutiques à partir des données de suivi de la pêche professionnelle ;•Compléter cet inventaire de cartes, de données et de méthodes avec les connaissances cartographiques non quantitatives issues de l’expertise des scientifiques, des gestionnaires et des professionnels de la pêche

Spatial synchrony in the response of a long range migratory species ( Salmo salar ) to climate change in the North Atlantic Ocean

International audienceA major challenge in understanding the response of populations to climate change is to separate the effects of local drivers acting independently on specific populations, from the effects of global drivers that impact multiple populations simultaneously and thereby synchronize their dynamics. We investigated the environmental drivers and the demographic mechanisms of the widespread decline in marine survival rates of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) over the last four decades. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian life cycle model to quantify the spatial synchrony in the marine survival of 13 large groups of populations (called stock units, SU) from two continental stock-groupings (CSG) in North America (NA) and Southern Europe (SE) over the period 1971-2014. We found strong coherence in the temporal variation in post-smolt marine survival among the 13 SU of NA and SE. A common North Atlantic trend explains 37% of the temporal variability of the survivals for the 13 SU and declines by a factor 1.8 over the 1971-2014 time series. Synchrony in survival trends is stronger between SU within each CSG. The common trends at the scale of NA and SE capture 60% and 42% of the total variance of temporal variations, respectively. Temporal variations of the post-smolt survival are best explained by the temporal variations of sea surface temperature (SST, negative correlation) and net primary production indices (PP, positive correlation) encountered by salmon in common domains during their marine migration. Specifically, in the Labrador Sea/Grand Banks for NA populations 26% and 24% of variance is captured by SST and PP, respectively and in the Norwegian Sea for SE populations 21% and 12% of variance is captured by SST and PP, respectively. The findings support the hypothesis of a response of salmon populations to large climate induced changes in the North Atlantic simultaneously impacting populations from distant continental habitats

Are we ready to track climate-driven shifts in marine species across international boundaries? - A global survey of scientific bottom trawl data

Marine biota are redistributing at a rapid pace in response to climate change and shifting seascapes. While changes in fish populations and community structure threaten the sustainability of fisheries, our capacity to adapt by tracking and projecting marine species remains a challenge due to data discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and real species distributions. To assess the extent of this challenge, we review the global status and accessibility of ongoing scientific bottom trawl surveys. In total, we gathered metadata for 283,925 samples from 95 surveys conducted regularly from 2001 to 2019. We identified that 59% of the metadata collected are not publicly available, highlighting that the availability of data is the most important challenge to assess species redistributions under global climate change. Given that the primary purpose of surveys is to provide independent data to inform stock assessment of commercially important populations, we further highlight that single surveys do not cover the full range of the main commercial demersal fish species. An average of 18 surveys is needed to cover at least 50% of species ranges, demonstrating the importance of combining multiple surveys to evaluate species range shifts. We assess the potential for combining surveys to track transboundary species redistributions and show that differences in sampling schemes and inconsistency in sampling can be overcome with spatio-temporal modeling to follow species density redistributions. In light of our global assessment, we establish a framework for improving the management and conservation of transboundary and migrating marine demersal species. We provide directions to improve data availability and encourage countries to share survey data, to assess species vulnerabilities, and to support management adaptation in a time of climate-driven ocean changes.En prensa6,86

Impact of early enteral versus parenteral nutrition on mortality in patients requiring mechanical ventilation and catecholamines: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (NUTRIREA-2)

BACKGROUND: Nutritional support is crucial to the management of patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and the most commonly prescribed treatment in intensive care units (ICUs). International guidelines consistently indicate that enteral nutrition (EN) should be preferred over parenteral nutrition (PN) whenever possible and started as early as possible. However, no adequately designed study has evaluated whether a specific nutritional modality is associated with decreased mortality. The primary goal of this trial is to assess the hypothesis that early first-line EN, as compared to early first-line PN, decreases day 28 all-cause mortality in patients receiving IMV and vasoactive drugs for shock. METHODS/DESIGN: The NUTRIREA-2 study is a multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial comparing early PN versus early EN in critically ill patients requiring IMV for an expected duration of at least 48 hours, combined with vasoactive drugs, for shock. Patients will be allocated at random to first-line PN for at least 72 hours or to first-line EN. In both groups, nutritional support will be started within 24 hours after IMV initiation. Calorie targets will be 20 to 25 kcal/kg/day during the first week, then 25 to 30 kcal/kg/day thereafter. Patients receiving PN may be switched to EN after at least 72 hours in the event of shock resolution (no vasoactive drugs for 24 consecutive hours and arterial lactic acid level below 2 mmol/L). On day 7, all patients receiving PN and having no contraindications to EN will be switched to EN. In both groups, supplemental PN may be added to EN after day 7 in patients with persistent intolerance to EN and inadequate calorie intake. We plan to recruit 2,854 patients at 44 participating ICUs. DISCUSSION: The NUTRIREA-2 study is the first large randomized controlled trial designed to assess the hypothesis that early EN improves survival compared to early PN in ICU patients. Enrollment started on 22 March 2013 and is expected to end in November 2015. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01802099 (registered 27 February 2013)

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Dosage du 5-Fluorouracile, de l'Irinotécan et du SN-38 dans le plasma humain par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Prise en charge des patients toxicomanes à l'officine (évaluation de l'intérêt des réseaux)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les oxazaphosporines, nouvelles stratégies de développement (études de toxicité de l'ifosfamide et de ses analogues diméthyles)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Système de prédiction et approche en toxicologie analytique des nouveaux produits de synthèse (NSP) (designer drugs & legal highs)

Actuellement, les Nouveaux Produits de Synthèse (NPS) inondent les marchés des rues et remplissent les rayonnages de ces nouveaux magasins réels ou virtuels communément appelés head shops. Parallèlement, les organismes de santé publique tirent le signal d'alarme quant à la non-connaissance de ces substances émergentes et donc les risques de leur consommation chez l'homme. Au Canada, un projet en collaboration avec l'Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec et l'Université de Québec à Trois-Rivières est né, visant à orienter et prédire les substances illicites de demain pour une prise en charge rapide et optimale de ce nouveau type de patients intoxiqués. Après l'étude de diverses bases de données institutionnelles, judiciaires, scientifiques et populaires visant à mettre en exergue des tendances quant aux futures designer drugs sur le marché des drogues, le projet vise en premier lieu à valider l'intérêt d'un système de prédiction des NPS via une étude en GC/MS et dans un second temps à développer une méthode de dépistage urinaire par UPLC/MS-MSLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Etudes et usages rituels des drogues hallucinogènes

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF