Social media: a new way of public and political communication in digital media

Today, social media are the new way of public and political communication in digital marketing. Companies or organizations are no longer the exclusive owners of the relation of consumers with their products/services; instead, the survival of the organizations depends of the effective utilization of the social media. New web technologies have made it easy for anyone to create and distribute their own content.  A tweet can be viewed by virtually millions of people for free, and advertisers don’t have to pay publishers huge sums of money to embed their messages. More consumers are on social media than ever before, and every second a company is not engaged is a wasted opportunity [1]. Consumers trust other people to provide recommendations about products and services in a very active way and it is important to know how and why social media influence organizations. This study analyzes through a literature review the importance of public and political communication through social media and proposes a model of business for successful marketing strategies

Anemia de Fanconi – Estudo retrospetivo num período 34 anos

Introdução: A Anemia de Fanconi (AF) é uma doença rara, com uma frequência estimada de 1 a 5 per 1.000.000 de nascimentos, podendo este valor aumentar se for considerado um grupo étnico com consanguinidade. É uma doença autossómica recessiva, que poderá ter uma transmissão ligada ao cromossoma X. Doentes com AF podem apresentar malformações congénitas, falência da medula óssea (que se carateriza por pancitopénia), hipersensibilidade a agentes clastogénicos, fragilidade cromossómica e uma maior suscetibilidade para doenças oncológicas. Devido à grande complexidade desta patologia a primeira abordagem de diagnóstico, consiste na deteção de aberrações cromossómicas (quebras, rearranjos estruturais, radiais, anéis) em células de sangue periférico em cultura com um agente clastogénico como o diepoxibutano (DEB) ou mitomicina C (MMC). Objetivo: Neste trabalho pretende-se apresentar os resultados dos estudos de instabilidade cromossómica induzida por DEB e MMC efetuados na nossa instituição. Métodos: Foi realizada a análise de uma série retrospetiva de 34 anos (1980-2014) de 243 amostras enviadas ao laboratório citogenética com suspeita de AF e de 28 amostras de familiares de doentes com AF. No total, foram analisadas 260 amostras de sangue periférico, 6 de biópsia de pele, 3 de líquido amniótico, 1 de sangue do cordão e 1 de sangue medular. As amostras foram processadas segundo o protocolo estabelecido para a análise cromossómica de doenças associadas a fraturas, incluindo cultura celular com estimulação por MMC e/ou DED, para cada produto biológico, seguida de análise microscópica com determinação da instabilidade cromossómica induzida pelo DEB, de acordo com o protocolo estabelecido pelo International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR). Resultados: Nas 243 amostras analisadas, foram identificados 37 casos com AF. Nos estudos citogenéticos dos familiares com AF foram identificados mais 2 casos positivos para AF. Foram ainda observados, em 4 amostras de suspeita de AF, cariotipos anormais. Conclusão: Neste trabalho foram identificados 39 novos casos com AF, oriundos maioritariamente da região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo e alguns casos pontuais da região autónoma dos Açores, região centro e dos países africanos de língua oficial portuguesa (PALOP). Este estudo evidência que a maioria dos casos apresentados se encontra subdiagnosticado. Estes resultados não permitem estimar uma frequência de doentes com AF em Portugal, uma vez que não engloba indivíduos de todas as regiões portuguesas, por outro lado estão incluídos dois indivíduos de origem PALOP. É necessário estabelecer um registo nacional de doentes com AF, para se poder calcular a frequência desta patologia no nosso país

13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared studies of the thermal decomposition of cork

The thermal decomposition of cork has been studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS), high-power ‘H decoupling (HPDEC) and cross-polarization depolarization-polarization (CPDP). Waxes and other soluble components of cork begin to decompose at ca. 150°C. This is accompanied by partial decomposi tion of suberin, probably initiated at the points of attachment to the cell wall. The carbohydrates begin to decompose at ca. 200°C. The decomposition of lignin begins at 250-3OO”C, while suberin undergoes further degradation. Significant amounts of coke are formed in the process. At 400°C cork has been transformed into coke with traces of partially decomposed suberin. The thermal decomposition of cork is dependent on the calcination time, particularly in the 200-350°C range.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Damage threshold of CuCrFeTiV high entropy alloys for nuclear fusion reactors

A CuCrFeTiV high entropy alloy was prepared and irradiated with swift heavy ions in order to check its adequacy for use as a thermal barrier in future nuclear fusion reactors. The alloy was prepared from the elemental powders by ball milling, followed by consolidation by spark plasma sintering at 1178 K and 65 MPa. The samples were then irradiated at room temperature with 300 keV Ar+ ions with fluences in the 3 × 1015 to 3 × 1018 Ar+/cm2 range to mimic neutron-induced damage accumulation during a duty cycle of a fusion reactor. Structural changes were investigated by X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy, both coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Surface irradiation damage was detected for high fluences (3 × 1018 Ar+/cm2) with formation of blisters of up to 1 μm in diameter. Cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of intergranular cavities only in the sample irradiated with 3 × 1018 Ar+/cm2, while all irradiation experiments produced intragranular nanometric-sized bubbles with increased density for higher Ar+ fluence. The Williamson-Hall method revealed a decrease in the average crystallite size and an increase in residual strain with increasing fluence, consistent with the formation of Ar+ bubbles at the irradiated surface.publishedVersio

Impactos Nutricionais E Produção De Pimentão Submetido à Deficiência Hídrica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The sweet pepper is a solanaceous plant of American origin with large consumption in Brazil. In order to study the effects of water stress on the sweet pepper crop, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse. The treatments consisted of soil water content (100%, 85%, 70% and 55% of moisture in the soil field capacity) in a randomized block design with 6 replicates where the experimental units consisted of 16 plants. During the experiment (47, 62, 77 and 92 days after planting) levels of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) present in each plant fraction and the dry mass of plants for the accumulation of these determination were determined. At harvest the number, width and length of fruits from each plant were obtained. Variables were subjected to Tukey test at 5% probability. The water content in the soil interfered significantly with productive variables. To the accumulation of nutrients in the dry matter (leaf + stem) the elements with higher absorption are ordered as follows: K> N> Ca> Mg> S> P and Fe>Mn> Zn> B> Cu. © 2016, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP. All rights reserved.214724735CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Transition from tunneling to direct contact in tungsten nanojunctions

We apply the mechanically controllable break junctions technique to investigate the transition from tunneling to direct contact in tungsten. This transition is quite different from that of other metals and is determined by the local electronic properties of the tungsten surface and the relief of the electrodes at the point of their closest proximity. The conductance traces show a rich variety of patterns from the avalanche-like jump to a mesoscopic contact to the completely smooth transition between direct contact and tunneling. Due to the occasional absence of an adhesive jump the conductance of the contact can be continuously monitored at ultra-small electrode separations. The conductance histograms of tungsten are either featureless or show two distinct peaks related to the sequential opening of spatially separated groups of conductance channels. The role of surface states of tungsten and their contribution to the junction conductance at sub-Angstrom electrode separations are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Anti-androgens act jointly in suppressing spiggin concentrations in androgen-primed female three-spined sticklebacks - Prediction of combined effects by concentration addition

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in Aquatic Toxicology. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2013 Elsevier B.V.Increasing attention is being directed at the role played by anti-androgenic chemicals in endocrine disruption of wildlife within the aquatic environment. The co-occurrence of multiple contaminants with anti-androgenic activity highlights a need for the predictive assessment of combined effects, but information about anti-androgen mixture effects on wildlife is lacking. This study evaluated the suitability of the androgenised female stickleback screen (AFSS), in which inhibition of androgen-induced spiggin production provides a quantitative assessment of anti-androgenic activity, for predicting the effect of a four component mixture of anti-androgens. The anti-androgenic activity of four known anti-androgens (vinclozolin, fenitrothion, flutamide, linuron) was evaluated from individual concentration-response data and used to design a mixture containing each chemical at equipotent concentrations. Across a 100-fold concentration range, a concentration addition approach was used to predict the response of fish to the mixture. Two studies were conducted independently at each of two laboratories. By using a novel method to adjust for differences between nominal and measured concentrations, good agreement was obtained between the actual outcome of the mixture exposure and the predicted outcome. This demonstrated for the first time that androgen receptor antagonists act in concert in an additive fashion in fish and that existing mixture methodology is effective in predicting the outcome, based on concentration-response data for individual chemicals. The sensitivity range of the AFSS assay lies within the range of anti-androgenicity reported in rivers across many locations internationally. The approach taken in our study lays the foundations for understanding how androgen receptor antagonists work together in fish and is essential in informing risk assessment methods for complex anti-androgenic mixtures in the aquatic environment.European Commission and Natural Environment Research Council

Protecção integrada em tomate de indústria: modelo de previsão do míldio

In Portugal, the processing tomato is of great economical importance. The maintenance of the quality of the final product is of growing preoccupation due to the ever increasing consumer demand. IPM has been considered as the best alternative due to the guarantee of some of these demands, in particular the non existence of pesticide residues. The objectives of the work carried out in the Ribatejo were to establish risk assessment methodologies and decision rules for the main enemies of the tomato crop and also to contribute for IPM development in this area. Of these main enemies late blight and the fruitworm are of great importance and determine the treatment schemes. The rationalization of the treatments is based on: the reduction of the fungicide interventions by better timing and the substitution of the insecticides by non chemical alternatives. For the prior we intend to adapt an existing model the “Tom-cast” which is largely used in Mexico. The present study presents the model and describes the first steps that have been taken in validating the model in the conditions of the Ribatejo. The results are an indication of the strong potential of the model. The next two years prospects and orientation are also presented

Against all odds? Forming the planet of the HD196885 binary

HD196885Ab is the most "extreme" planet-in-a-binary discovered to date, whose orbit places it at the limit for orbital stability. The presence of a planet in such a highly perturbed region poses a clear challenge to planet-formation scenarios. We investigate this issue by focusing on the planet-formation stage that is arguably the most sensitive to binary perturbations: the mutual accretion of kilometre-sized planetesimals. To this effect we numerically estimate the impact velocities $dv$ amongst a population of circumprimary planetesimals. We find that most of the circumprimary disc is strongly hostile to planetesimal accretion, especially the region around 2.6AU (the planet's location) where binary perturbations induce planetesimal-shattering $dv$ of more than 1km/s. Possible solutions to the paradox of having a planet in such accretion-hostile regions are 1) that initial planetesimals were very big, at least 250km, 2) that the binary had an initial orbit at least twice the present one, and was later compacted due to early stellar encounters, 3) that planetesimals did not grow by mutual impacts but by sweeping of dust (the "snowball" growth mode identified by Xie et al., 2010b), or 4) that HD196885Ab was formed not by core-accretion but by the concurent disc instability mechanism. All of these 4 scenarios remain however highly conjectural.Comment: accepted for publication by Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy (Special issue on EXOPLANETS