A Integração e compreensão do Design na modelação 3D

There is a recent concern in the relationship between the pictures and the tools used for its produc-tion, to the extent that the products and processes of creation are mostly digitally mediated. The close rela-tionship between conceptual and physical dimensions opens a discussion at the level of semantics, designing and image manipulation processes in which are natu-rally including CAD tools. Have drawing a crucial role in prototyping and projecting processes as well 3D modeling, it’s pertinent to understand the link between these two tools. Rec-ognizing the drawing as a physical domain tool capa-ble of expressing the thought that operates the trans-formation of abstract concepts into concrete concep-tions recognize it reflected in the virtual dimension by a 3D CAD software is not trivial as this, in general, is processed through a thought which context is far from materiality. Methodologically we will discuss this issue looking for the verification of the hypothesis through a practical exercise of proposal that evaluates the effect of the analog images may have on the recognition and operability of the Blender tool. It is intended to see how the analog drawings can integrate 3D modeling process and what relation-ship it has with whom they operate. The articulation of the drawing with the design software tools, specifically 3D CAD, will understand the relationship in the design-ing and creation of visual artifacts. As well launch a discussion on pedagogic strategies in drawing and 3D teaching in a Design course.publishe

A cognição projectual através da integração do Desenho na modelação 3D: um caso de estudo

Existe uma reflexão recente acerca da relação entre as imagens e as ferramentas usadas para a sua produção baseada nos processos de criação mediados digitalmente. A relação natural e estreita entre a dimensão conceptual e a dimensão física abre a discussão acerca dos processos de projetação e manipulação das imagens nas quais estão naturalmente incluídas as ferramentas CAD. Tendo o desenho analógico um papel inequívoco e fundamental no exercício da projetação e consequentemente da modelação 3D é pertinente perceber a relação e articulação entre estas duas ferramentas. Metodologicamente pretendemos discutir como o desenho pode integrar o processo de modelação 3D através da uma prática operativa e assim, abrir a discussão quer acerca da produção das imagens, em geral, quer acerca das estratégias pedagógicas de ensino do desenho e do 3D no Design e na Arte. Como tal servir-nos-emos de exemplos práticos que analisaremos como estudo de caso

Recent advances in the literature on capital flow management

Large swings in cross-border capital flows can have consequences for domestic stability and open a channel for the transmission of shocks and spillovers across economies, including the euro area. Against this backdrop, the present paper reviews new evidence for the effectiveness of capital flow management policies in achieving macroeconomic and financial stability. Particular attention is paid to literature that has been used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to underpin its so-called Integrated Policy Framework, in which the roles of monetary, exchange rate, macroprudential and capital flow management policies are considered jointly. The literature published since the global financial crisis continues to affirm the effectiveness of capital flow management measures (CFMs) in addressing financial stability risks resulting from capital flow reversals; at the same time, however, it also continues to underscore that such policies should not substitute for warranted economic adjustments and structural reforms. Even so, recent literature also provides a case for considering, under certain circumstances, "precautionary" CFMs which could be applied to capital inflows to prevent a boom-and-bust cycle from being set in motion. This paper also highlights the need for further work on the longterm effects of such precautionary instruments, as well as their joint use with monetary policy instruments. Regarding capital flow management policies within the domain of central banks, the literature points to the usefulness of foreign exchange interventions (FXIs) in mitigating financial stability risks in countries with specific characteristics such as currency mismatches, borrowing constraints and shallow foreign exchange markets that are common to emerging market and developing economies alike. However, the literature also warns that such measures may reduce economic agents' incentives to hedge against currency risks, with the result that unfavourable initial conditions become further entrenched. More research is therefore needed to better understand the long-run effects of FXIs with respect to financial development and central bank credibility

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved