COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset on psychological and behavioural consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak

This N = 173,426 social science dataset was collected through the collaborative COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey - an open science effort to improve understanding of the human experiences of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic between 30th March and 30th May, 2020. The dataset allows a cross-cultural study of psychological and behavioural responses to the Coronavirus pandemic and associated government measures like cancellation of public functions and stay at home orders implemented in many countries. The dataset contains demographic background variables as well as measures of Asian Disease Problem, perceived stress (PSS-10), availability of social provisions (SPS-10), trust in various authorities, trust in governmental measures to contain the virus (OECD trust), personality traits (BFF-15), information behaviours, agreement with the level of government intervention, and compliance with preventive measures, along with a rich pool of exploratory variables and written experiences. A global consortium from 39 countries and regions worked together to build and translate a survey with variables of shared interests, and recruited participants in 47 languages and dialects. Raw plus cleaned data and dynamic visualizations are available.Measurement(s) psychological measurement center dot anxiety-related behavior trait center dot Stress center dot response to center dot Isolation center dot loneliness measurement center dot Emotional Distress Technology Type(s) Survey Factor Type(s) geographic location center dot language center dot age of participant center dot responses to the Coronavirus pandemic Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo sapiens Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data:Peer reviewe

Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic : relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey

The COVIDiSTRESS global survey collects data on early human responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic from 173 429 respondents in 48 countries. The open science study was co-designed by an international consortium of researchers to investigate how psychological responses differ across countries and cultures, and how this has impacted behaviour, coping and trust in government efforts to slow the spread of the virus. Starting in March 2020, COVIDiSTRESS leveraged the convenience of unpaid online recruitment to generate public data. The objective of the present analysis is to understand relationships between psychological responses in the early months of global coronavirus restrictions and help understand how different government measures succeed or fail in changing public behaviour. There were variations between and within countries. Although Western Europeans registered as more concerned over COVID-19, more stressed, and having slightly more trust in the governments' efforts, there was no clear geographical pattern in compliance with behavioural measures. Detailed plots illustrating between-countries differences are provided. Using both traditional and Bayesian analyses, we found that individuals who worried about getting sick worked harder to protect themselves and others. However, concern about the coronavirus itself did not account for all of the variances in experienced stress during the early months of COVID-19 restrictions. More alarmingly, such stress was associated with less compliance. Further, those most concerned over the coronavirus trusted in government measures primarily where policies were strict. While concern over a disease is a source of mental distress, other factors including strictness of protective measures, social support and personal lockdown conditions must also be taken into consideration to fully appreciate the psychological impact of COVID-19 and to understand why some people fail to follow behavioural guidelines intended to protect themselves and others from infection. The Stage 1 manuscript associated with this submission received in-principle acceptance (IPA) on 18 May 2020. Following IPA, the accepted Stage 1 version of the manuscript was preregistered on the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/g2t3b. This preregistration was performed prior to data analysis.Peer reviewe

Las víctimas invisibles : afectación psicológica en menores expuestos a violencia de género

La creciente conciencia de cómo la exposición a la violencia de género puede afectar a los hijos/as de estas mujeres no había sido igualada, hasta ahora, por el desarrollo de estudios sobre las consecuencias de la violencia de género en estos menores, siendo el presente trabajo un referente en esta línea. Se ha puesto de relieve que estos niños/as están en riesgo de presentar diversas alteraciones y trastornos emocionales y, sin embargo, reciben desproporcionadamente pocos servicios desde Salud Mental. Los resultados muestran que estos menores presentan una alta prevalencia en ansiedad, depresión, quejas somáticas, trastornos del comportamiento, agresividad, trastorno por estrés postraumático, etc. Los datos indican la necesidad de desarrollar protocolos de evaluación, adaptados y validados en nuestra población, así como desarrollar protocolos específicos de intervención, dirigidos a disminuir los indicadores psicopatológicos y aumentar las capacidades personales para hacer frente a las difíciles situaciones en las que se ven inmersos. The growing awareness of how exposure to intimate partner violence can affect children mental health had not been matched by the development research on the consequences of exposure to intimate partner violence, being the present work a reference in this line .It has been shown that these children are at risk to develop various emotional disorders, and they recive disproportionately few services from Mental Health. The results show that these children have a high prevalence in anxiety, depression, somatic complaints, behavioral disorders, aggression, PTSD, etc. The data indicate the need to develop assessment protocols, adapted and validated in our population, and develop specific intervention protocols aimed at reducing psychopathological indicators and increase personal abilities to cope with difficult situations in which they are immersed

Gender Perspective in Research on Interventions in Children with Experiences of Parental Gender-Based Violence: Application of GPIHR Criteria

The aim of this study was to analyse the inclusion of a gender perspective (GP) in scientific production on interventions for a reduction in psychological distress in children who have experienced parental gender-based violence (CEXPGBV). To achieve this, a review of publications was carried out in the Web of Science, EBSCOhost, ProQuest and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 3418 records were found, and 44 items of research selected. For GP analysis, the questionnaire “Gender perspective in health research” (GPIHR) was applied and relationships with the terminology of violence were analysed, as well as the definition of term used, references to violence by men or received by women and the instruments used to assess these. Generally, the assessed studies do not contain a GP, since 70% of the GPIHR items were answered negatively. Likewise, 89% of research used general terms to refer to violence without referring to gender. These results show the importance of considering instruments such as GPIHR in both the planning and development of future research in order to avoid possible gender bias

Factorial structure, comorbidity and prevalence of the Thought Problems empirical syndrome in a paediatric sample

Objetivo: Este trabajo presenta los resultados sobre prevalencia y comorbilidad de las alteraciones de pensamiento en una muestra clínica pediátrica. El objetivo es conocer la configuración empírica (estructura factorial), de los problemas de pensamiento en menores con problemas psicológicos. Método: Los menores (N=300, de 6 a 12 años), han sido remitidos por diferentes especialidades médicas, por presentar alteraciones psicológicas. El instrumento de evaluación empleado es una adaptación del Chile Behavior Checlist (CBCL), de 96 ítems. Resultados: De la factorización realizada se ha obtenido un síndrome empírico que coincide parcialmente con la factorización de Achenbach y Rescorla (2001). Se ha calculado el porcentaje de casos que se sitúan por encima del percentil 98 de la media más una y dos desviaciones típicas, tanto en el factor problemas de pensamiento de la factorización de Achenbach, como en la factoriazación pediátrica. Las prevalencias encontradas oscilan entre un 2.1% (pc 98) y un 24.5% (media + 1dt). En todos los casos el porcentaje de niños con problemas de pensamiento fue superior al de niñas. Además, el factor problemas de pensamiento presentó asociaciones elevadas con los factores: Disocial, Quejas Somáticas, Oposicionismo/Desafiante y Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad, y en menor medida con Ansiedad/Depresión

Estructura factorial, comorbilidad y prevalencia del síndrome empírico Problemas de Pensamiento en una muestra pediátrica

This study shows the findings about prevalence and comorbidity of alterations in thinking in a paediatric clinical sample. Its aim was to find out about the empirical configuration (factor structure) of thought problems in minors with psychological problems. Method: The sample population included 300 minors from 6 to 12 years old who showed psychological alterations and had been referred by different medical specialists. The assessment instrument used was an adaptation of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), consisting of 96 items. Results: From the factorization carried out an empirical syndrome which partially coincides with Achenbach and Rescorla’s (2001) factorization can be seen. The percentage of cases above the 98 percentile of the mean plus one and two standard deviations were calculated both in the thought problems factor from Achenbach’s factorization and in the paediatric factorization. The prevalences found ranged between 2.1% (pc 98) and 24.5% (sd mean + 1). In all the cases the percentage of boys with thought problems was higher than that of girls. Furthermore, the thought problem factor showed a high degree of association with the following factors: dissocial, somatic complaints, confrontational/defiant, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and, to a lesser extent, anxiety and depression

El sistema de realidad virtual EMMA-Child para el tratamiento del trauma infantil: experiencias iniciales

The EMMA-CHILD virtual reality system for the treatment of childhood trauma: Initial experiences. Over the last decade Child Maltreatment has come to be considered a public health problem. Numerous studies analyzing its direct effects on children’s mental health report a high prevalence in internalizing and externalizing disorders as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cognitive Behavioral-Trauma Focused Therapy is the only treatment methodology which has been considered well established and as an effective treatment in the child-juvenile population. The technique of prolonged exposure is considered of choice for the treatment of PTSD, although many patients present difficulties in carrying it out. Virtual reality has become an alternative that facilitates the technique of exposure. Several systematic reviews have recently been published endorse the efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure Based Therapy (VR-EBT) for the treatment of PTSD in the adult population. However, there are no studies on this therapy in the child and adolescent populations. The virtual reality system known as “EMMA’S WORLD” has been used in the adult population and based on this, the GUIIA-PC research team carried out the first adaptation in 2008 of this system called “EMMA-Child” in children who suffered chronic intra-family maltreatment. The present work aims to present the first experiences in the application of EMMA-Child in 8 children, highlighting how there are advantages over traditional treatment, and the scores before and after treatment in symptoms of anxiety, depression, anger, and hostility, adaptation, and post-traumatic stressEl maltrato infantil ha pasado a considerarse en la última década un problema de salud pública. Numerosos trabajos que analizan los efectos directos en la salud mental infantil informan de una alta prevalencia en alteraciones internalizantes, externalizantes y en trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT). La Terapia Cognitivo Conductual-Focalizada en el Trauma ha sido la única que ha recibido la mención de tratamiento eficaz bien establecido en población infanto-juvenil. La técnica de exposición prolongada se considera de elección para el tratamiento del TEPT, si bien numerosos pacientes presentan dificultades para llevarla a cabo. La realidad virtual se ha convertido en una alternativa que facilita la técnica de exposición. Recientemente se han publicado diversas revisiones sistemáticas que avalan la eficacia de la Terapia de Exposición en Realidad Virtual (Virtual Reality exposure-based therapy, VR-EBT) para el tratamiento del TEPT en población adulta. Sin embargo, no existen estudios sobre esta terapia en población infanto-juvenil. El sistema de realidad virtual conocido como “El mundo de EMMA” se había empleado en población adulta, en base a lo cual, el equipo de investigación GUIIA-PC llevó a cabo la primera adaptación en 2008 de este sistema denominado “EMMA-Child” en población infantil que había sufrido maltrato intrafamiliar crónico. El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad presentar las primeras experiencias en la aplicación de EMMA-Child en 8 menores, destacando las ventajas frente al tratamiento tradicional así como las puntuaciones antes y después del tratamiento en sintomatología de ansiedad, depresión, ira y hostilidad, adaptación, y estrés postraumático

Características y prevalencia de los problemas de ansiedad, depresión y quejas somáticas en una muestra clínica infantil de 8 a 12 años, mediante el CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist)

Este trabajo presenta la sintomatología internalizante de ansiedad, depresión y quejas somáticas, obtenida en una muestra clínica de 300 niños y niñas de edades entre 8 y 12 años. Se ha empleado como instrumento una escala abreviada (96 items) del CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist, Achenbach y Edelbrock, 1983). La prevalencia encontrada en los factores CBCL-DSM para la muestra total, estimada a partir del percentil 98 (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001), es 54% en ansiedad, 32% en alteraciones afectivas y 29% en quejas somáticas; apareciendo más niños que niñas en las dos primeras alteraciones. Se realizó un análisis factorial común y se hallaron tres síndromes empíricos internalizantes: ansiedad-depresión, quejas somáticas y retrai- miento-depresión. En estos síndromes empíricos la prevalencia, a partir de la media más una desviación típica, es: 18% en ansiedad-depresión y quejas somáticas, y del 14% en retraimiento-depresión, en todos los casos superior en niños que en niñas

Posttraumatic stress in Nepalese and Spanish children: A comparative study

Frequent and repeated exposure to potentially traumatic events in Nepal is the starting point for the associated symptomatology evaluation in Nepalese children, especially among those in care. Reviewing the prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD ) in the tutelage condition, and establishing comparisons with Spain as an occidental population, would allow delimiting family and socio- cultural implications in child and youth trauma, assessing the sensitization convenience for diagnostic criteria in this age range. With a sample of 88 participants between 11 and 14 years old, we used the Child Posttraumatic Symptom Scale (CPSS), employing both DSM- 5 general criteria and childhood adapted alternative criteria. Our results showed higher PTSD prevalence in the Nepalese general population (46.7%) compared with the sample of children in care (11.1%), being significantly reduced in Spanish minors (6.1%), following DSM- 5 general criteria. When using alternative criteria, we observed an increase in prevalence rates, reaching 73.3%, 22.2% and 14.3%, respectively. These data enabled us to consider the protection factors at the assessed orphanage compared to the Nepalese general population family environment, and appreciate the socio-cultural variables between countries, supporting at each comparison the alternative criteria highest sensitivity in children and adolescent PTSD diagnosis.La exposición a eventos potencialmente traumáticos en Nepal constituye el punto de partida en la evaluación de la sintomatología asociada entre los menores nepalíes, especialmente aquellos en situación de orfandad. Conocer la prevalencia del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) en función de la tutela, y establecer comparaciones con población occidental como la española, permitiría delimitar las implicaciones intrafamiliares y socioculturales en el trauma infantojuvenil, valorando a su vez la conveniencia de sensibilizar los criterios diagnósticos. Con una muestra de 88 participantes con edades entre los 11 y los 14 años empleamos la Child Posttraumatic Symptom Scale (CPSS), aplicando tanto criterios DSM-5 generales como criterios alternativos adaptados a la infancia. Los resultados mostraron una mayor prevalencia de TEPT en población general nepalí (46.7%) con respecto a la muestra de tutelados (11.1%), reduciéndose significativamente en el grupo de menores españoles (6.1%), según criterios DSM-5 generales. Al utilizar criterios alternativos, observamos un aumento en la prevalencia, alcanzando el 73.3%, 22.2% y 14.3% respectivamente. Estos datos permitieron valorar los factores de protección en el orfanato frente al entorno intrafamiliar del grupo control, así como apreciar las variables socioculturales en ambos países, apoyando la mayor sensibilidad de criterios alternativos en el diagnóstico de TEPT infantojuvenil

Adicción al móvil e internet en adolescentes y su relación con problemas psicopatológicos y variables protectoras

The objectives of this study were to analyse the relationship between psychopathological problems and mobile phone and internet abuse in adolescents, and whether certain variables that offer protection from psychopathological problems also offer protection against this type of abuse. We administered two questionnaires that measure such abuse. The study included a sample of 269 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years (124 boys and 145 girls). The YSR, CERI, and CERM questionnaires were used to measure psychopathology, internet abuse, and mobile abuse, respectively. The results showed that the abuse of new technologies is particularly related to externalizing symptoms and attention deficit. It was found that variables such as the number of clubs to which the participants belonged, their relationship with parents, autonomy, and school performance in science are protective variables against mobile phone and internet abuse. At the age of 15 years, there was a significant increase in the use of these technologies and their associated psychopathological problems.Se analizó la relación entre psicopatología y abuso del móvil e internet en adolescentes, además, se analizaron si ciertas variables protectoras de psicopatología protegen también del abuso del móvil e internet y se calcularon los puntos de corte dos cuestionarios que miden el abuso de estas tecnologías. Se empleó una muestra de 269 adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años (124 chicos y 145 chicas) y se usaron los cuestionarios YSR para medir psicopatología, CERI abuso de internet y CERM abuso del móvil. Los resultados mostraron que el abuso de las nuevas tecnologías se relaciona con sintomatología externalizante y de déficit de atención. Se halló que el número de clubs a los que pertenecen, relación con los padres, autonomía y rendimiento escolar en ciencias, son variables protectoras frente al abuso del móvil e internet. Además, a los 15 años aumenta significativamente el uso de estas tecnologías y la psicopatología asociada