76 research outputs found
Effect of Exercise Training on eNnos Expression, NO Production and Oxygen Metabolism in Human Placenta.
Objective: To determine the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training during the second half of pregnancy on endothelial NOS expression (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO) production and oxygen metabolism in human placenta. Methods: The study included 20 nulliparous in gestational week 16?20, attending prenatal care at three tertiary hospitals in Colombia who were randomly assigned into one of two groups: The exercise group (n = 10) took part in an exercise session three times a week for 12 weeks which consisted of: aerobic exercise at an intensity of 55?75% of their maximum heart rate for 60 min and 25 mins. Resistance exercise included 5 exercise groups circuit training (50 repetitions of each) using barbells (1?3 kg/exercise) and low-to-medium resistance bands. The control group (n = 10) undertook their usual physical activity. Mitochondrial and cytosol fractions were isolated from human placental tissue by differential centrifugation. A spectrophotometric assay was used to measure NO production in cytosolic samples from placental tissue and Western Blot technique to determine eNOS expression. Mitochondrial superoxide levels and hydrogen peroxide were measured to determine oxygen metabolism. Results: Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training during pregnancy leads to a 2-fold increase in eNOS expression and 4-fold increase in NO production in placental cytosol (p = 0.05). Mitochondrial superoxide levels and hydrogen peroxide production rate were decreased by 8% and 37% respectively in the placental mitochondria of exercising women (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Regular exercise training during the second half of pregnancy increases eNOS expression and NO production and decreases reactive oxygen species generation in human placenta. Collectively, these data demonstrate that chronic exercise increases eNOS/NO production, presumably by increasing endothelial shear stress. This adaptation may contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on the vascular and antioxidant system and in turn reduce the risk of preeclampsia, diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy.Fil: Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson.Fil: Bustamante, Juanit.Fil: Czerniczyniec, Analia. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular;Fil: Aguilar de Plata, Ana.Fil: Lores Arnaiz, Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular
Effect of Exercise Training on eNnos Expression, NO Production and Oxygen Metabolism in Human Placenta.
Objective: To determine the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training during the second half of pregnancy on endothelial NOS expression (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO) production and oxygen metabolism in human placenta. Methods: The study included 20 nulliparous in gestational week 16?20, attending prenatal care at three tertiary hospitals in Colombia who were randomly assigned into one of two groups: The exercise group (n = 10) took part in an exercise session three times a week for 12 weeks which consisted of: aerobic exercise at an intensity of 55?75% of their maximum heart rate for 60 min and 25 mins. Resistance exercise included 5 exercise groups circuit training (50 repetitions of each) using barbells (1?3 kg/exercise) and low-to-medium resistance bands. The control group (n = 10) undertook their usual physical activity. Mitochondrial and cytosol fractions were isolated from human placental tissue by differential centrifugation. A spectrophotometric assay was used to measure NO production in cytosolic samples from placental tissue and Western Blot technique to determine eNOS expression. Mitochondrial superoxide levels and hydrogen peroxide were measured to determine oxygen metabolism. Results: Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training during pregnancy leads to a 2-fold increase in eNOS expression and 4-fold increase in NO production in placental cytosol (p = 0.05). Mitochondrial superoxide levels and hydrogen peroxide production rate were decreased by 8% and 37% respectively in the placental mitochondria of exercising women (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Regular exercise training during the second half of pregnancy increases eNOS expression and NO production and decreases reactive oxygen species generation in human placenta. Collectively, these data demonstrate that chronic exercise increases eNOS/NO production, presumably by increasing endothelial shear stress. This adaptation may contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on the vascular and antioxidant system and in turn reduce the risk of preeclampsia, diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy.Fil: Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson.Fil: Bustamante, Juanit.Fil: Czerniczyniec, Analia. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular;Fil: Aguilar de Plata, Ana.Fil: Lores Arnaiz, Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular
Exercise during pregnancy on maternal lipids: A secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial
Background: Today, scientific evidence has supported the popular belief that physical activity is associated with biological health in pregnant women. A randomized controlled trial was used to assess the benefits of physical exercise during pregnancy on maternal lipids in low-income Latina women. Methods: The study included 67 nulliparous low-income Latina women in gestational weeks 16-20, randomly assigned into one of two groups: 1) The exercise group, which took part in aerobic and resistance exercise for 60min, three times a week for 12weeks, 2) The control group, which undertook their usual physical activity and prenatal care. The primary outcomes were changes in maternal blood lipids after intervention. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes measured were type of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, newborn and/or maternal complications', gestational age, weight gain, birth weight, foetal growth, and Apgar score. Results: Fifty women completed the study. At the end of the intervention, there were differences between groups in low-density lipoprotein levels (mean change: -8mg/dL, 95%CI -3 to -29; P less than 0.001) and triglycerides (mean change: -6mg/dL, 95%CI -1 to -11; P=0.03). Also, compared with women who remained in the control group, active women showed lower complications during delivery (moderate postpartum haemorrhage) (58% compared with 75%; P less than 0.05) and lower complications in newborns (e.g. cyanosis or respiratory distress) (21% compared with 46%; P less than 0.001). Conclusions: An exercise programme during the second and third trimester favours less gain in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides fewer delivery and neonatal complications. Trial registration:NCT00741312(August 22, 2008). © 2017 The Author(s)
Percentiles de presión arterial de niños y adolescentes de Santiago de Cali-Colombia
RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar los valores percentiles de presión arterial de niños y adolescentes de 10 a 16 años de Santiago de Cali-Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 1773 niños y adolescentes de ambos géneros (n=865 hombres y n=908 mujeres) pertenecientes al estudio IFRECNTEC (Identificación de Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles del Adulto en la Población Escolarizada de 6 a 18 años en el municipio de Cali, Colombia). Se calcularon los valores percentiles a partir de la regresión de los mínimos cuadrados (Least Mean Squares) según edad y sexo p5, p25, p50, p75, p90 y p95 de la presión arterial. Resultados: La presión arterial por sexo fue similar en la infancia, aumentando progresivamente con la edad y con mayor rapidez durante la pubertad. La presión sistólica y diastólica fue mayor en los adolescentes hombres que en las mujeres. Discusión y Conclusiones: La presentación de valores percentiles permite clasificar la presión arterial de niños y adolescentes de Cali-Colombia y comparar con sus contemporáneos. La presión arterial alta para la edad debería definirse en percentiles por encima del p95 y la presión arterial alta y normal podría definirse entre el p90 y p95. (MED.UIS. 2010;23(2):94-8). Palabras clave: presión arterial. Niños. Adolescentes. Colombia. SUMMARYBlood pressure centiles for Santiago de Cali-Colombian children and adolescents Aim. To determine age- and sex- specific centile values of Blood pressure for urban Santiago de Cali-Colombia children and adolescents aged 10–16 years. Material and Methods. The sample (n=1773) consisted of 865 boys and 908 girls from the cross-sectional population survey, IFRECNTEC Study (Identificación de Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles del Adulto en la Población Escolarizada de 6 a 18 años en el Municipio de Cali, Colombia) for whom the data for Blood pressure was recorded. Smoothed age- and sex- specific 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th Centile values where derived using Least Mean Squares regression. Results. Blood pressure in both sexes was similar in childhood, rising progressively with age and more rapidly during puberty. Systolic and Diastolic pressure rose faster and was appreciably higher in men than in adolescents women. Discussion and Conclusion. These centiles increase our knowledge of blood pressure data in contemporary Colombian children and young people. High blood pressure for age should be defined as blood pressure above the 95th centile, and high-normal blood pressure for age as blood pressure between the 90th and 95th centiles. (MÉD.UIS. 2010;23(2):94-8) . Key words: Blood pressure. Adolescents. Children. Colombia
Exercise during pregnancy on maternal lipids: a secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial
Background: Today, scientific evidence has supported the popular belief that physical activity is associated
with biological health in pregnant women. A randomized controlled trial was used to assess the benefits of
physical exercise during pregnancy on maternal lipids in low-income Latina women.
Methods: The study included 67 nulliparous low-income Latina women in gestational weeks 16–20, randomly
assigned into one of two groups: 1) The exercise group, which took part in aerobic and resistance exercise
for 60min, three times a week for 12 weeks, 2) The control group, which undertook their usual physical activity and prenatal
care. The primary outcomes were changes in maternal blood lipids after intervention. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes
measured were type of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, newborn and/or maternal complications’, gestational age,
weight gain, birth weight, foetal growth, and Apgar score.
Results: Fifty women completed the study. At the end of the intervention, there were differences between
groups in low-density lipoprotein levels (mean change: −8 mg/dL, 95%CI -3 to −29; P < 0.001) and triglycerides
(mean change: −6 mg/dL, 95%CI -1 to −11; P = 0.03). Also, compared with women who remained in the
control group, active women showed lower complications during delivery (moderate postpartum haemorrhage)
(58% compared with 75%; P < 0.05) and lower complications in newborns (e.g. cyanosis or respiratory distress)
(21% compared with 46%; P < 0.001).
Conclusions: An exercise programme during the second and third trimester favours less gain in low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol and triglycerides fewer delivery and neonatal complications.The authors would like to acknowledge Universidad del Valle for the
financial support to the Nutrition Group (Grant N. CI 1575) and Instituto
Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología “Francisco
José de Caldas” (Grant N. 656,640,820,391). Robinson Ramírez-Velez
received a grant from Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la
Ciencia y la Tecnología “Francisco José de Caldas” to do a doctorate
and received a grant from American College Sport Medicine to the
Fellow in CDC Atlanta (RAFA-PANA Scholarship)
Potential effect of physical exercise and consumption of micronutrients during pregnancy on the placental and maternal factors associated with chronic non-communicable diseases in adult
Introducción: En la actualidad casi todos los esfuerzos para prevenir las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT)
a nivel poblacional, se han centrado en promover comportamientos saludables como el ejercicio, la actividad física, el consumo
de frutas y verduras, y el desestimular el consumo de tabaco y alcohol en la población adulta, pero los resultados han sido
poco alentadores. En los últimos años, múltiples estudios han señalado la relación entre alteraciones del crecimiento fetal y
el desarrollo de ECNT en la edad adulta. Más recientemente, se ha propuesto que factores maternos (función endotelial, estrés
oxidativo y alteraciones en adipoquinas) y placentarios (disfunción mitocondrial) pueden ser mecanismos precursores de
alteraciones metabólicas fetales y del desarrollo posterior de ECNT y que intervenciones como el ejercicio físico y la
complementación con micronutrientes durante la gestación podrían regular dichos factores maternos y placentarios.
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura para verificar el papel del ejercicio físico y los micronutrientes durante la
gestación sobre factores maternos y placentarios relacionados con ECNT del adulto.
Metododología: Se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos: Medline, Scielo, EMBASE, Science Direct, Cochrane Central
Register of Controlled Trials y The Cochrane Libraryp Pregnancy, fetal development, oxidative stress, vascular endothelium,
mitochondrial, adipokines, micronutrients, exercise.
Resultados: El estrés oxidativo, como mecanismo central de otros eventos fisiopatológicos (alteración en los niveles de
adipoquinas, disfunción endotelial y mitocondrial), tiene un papel importante en la programación fetal de ECNT, factores como
la complementación con micronutrientes y el ejercicio físico, durante la gestación, podrían modular este estado y contribuir
posiblemente a la prevención temprana de ECNT.
Conclusión: Se debe establecer si los mecanismos moleculares y fisiológicos propuestos están relacionados con
alteraciones metabólicas fetales y si la complementación durante la gestación con micronutrientes y/o el ejercicio físico los
pueden regular. Introduction: Currently, most efforts to prevent nontransmissible chronic diseases at population level have centered on
promoting healthy behaviors like physical activity, consumption of fruits and vegetables, and discouraging from the
consumption of tobacco and alcohol in the adult population, but the results have been less than hopeful. During recent years,
a number of studies have indicated the relation between metabolic alterations and fetal growth with the development of nontransmissible chronic diseases in adult age. More recently,
it has been proposed that maternal factors (endothelial
function, oxidative stress, and alterations in adipokynes) and
placental factors (mitochondrial dysfunction) are the
precursory mechanisms of fetal metabolic alterations and of
the later development of nontransmissible chronic diseases.
Also, it has been suggested that possibly supplementation
with micronutrients and physical exercise during gestation
could regulate these maternal and placental factors.
Aim: To conduct a literature review to verify the role of
physical exercise and micronutrients during pregnancy on
placental and maternal factors related to nontransmissible
chronic diseases in adults.
Methods: Medline, SciELO, Embase, Science Direct, Cochrane
Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Library
were used in the last 10 years (1998-2008). The following topics
were reviewed: pregnancy, fetal development, oxidative stress,
vascular endothelium, mitochondrial dysfunction, adipokines,
micronutrients, and exercise.
Results: Oxidative stress, as the central pathophysiological
event, such as changes in levels of adipokynes, mitochondrial
and endothelial dysfunction, plays an important
role in fetal programming of chronic diseases and factors such
as micronutrient supplementation and physical exercise during
pregnancy could modulate this state in a charity institution
aiding in the early prevention of chronic diseases.
Conclusion: To clarify whether the proposed molecular
and physiological mechanism items are related to metabolic
abnormalities and fetal complementation with micronutrients
during pregnancy and/or regular physical exercise
Un ensayo controlado aleatorio factorial para evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con micronutrientes y el ejercicio aeróbico regular sobre la vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio materno y el estrés oxidativo del recién nacido
Background Many studies have suggested a relationship between metabolic abnormalities and impaired fetal growth with the development of non-transmissible chronic diseases in the adulthood. Moreover, it has been proposed that maternal factors such as endothelial function and oxidative stress are key mechanisms of both fetal metabolic alterations and subsequent development of non-transmissible chronic diseases. The objective of this project is to evaluate the effect of micronutrient supplementation and regular aerobic exercise on endothelium-dependent vasodilation maternal and stress oxidative of the newborn. Methods and design 320 pregnant women attending to usual prenatal care in Cali, Colombia will be included in a factorial randomized controlled trial. Women will be assigned to the following intervention groups: 1. Control group: usual prenatal care (PC) and placebo (maltodextrine). 2. Exercise group: PC, placebo and aerobic physical exercise. 3. Micronutrients group: PC and a micronutrients capsule consisting of zinc (30 mg), selenium (70 ?g), vitamin A (400 ?g), alphatocopherol (30 mg), vitamin C (200 mg), and niacin (100 mg). 4. Combined interventions Group: PC, supplementation of micronutrients, and aerobic physical exercise. Anthropometric measures will be taken at the start and at the end of the interventions. Discussion Since in previous studies has been showed that the maternal endothelial function and oxidative stress are related to oxidative stress of the newborn, this study proposes that complementation with micronutrients during pregnancy and/or regular physical exercise can be an early and innovative alternative to strengthen the prevention of chronic diseases in the population
A factorial randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of micronutrients supplementation and regular aerobic exercise on maternal endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and oxidative stress of the newborn
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many studies have suggested a relationship between metabolic abnormalities and impaired fetal growth with the development of non-transmissible chronic diseases in the adulthood. Moreover, it has been proposed that maternal factors such as endothelial function and oxidative stress are key mechanisms of both fetal metabolic alterations and subsequent development of non-transmissible chronic diseases. The objective of this project is to evaluate the effect of micronutrient supplementation and regular aerobic exercise on endothelium-dependent vasodilation maternal and stress oxidative of the newborn.</p> <p>Methods and design</p> <p>320 pregnant women attending to usual prenatal care in Cali, Colombia will be included in a factorial randomized controlled trial. Women will be assigned to the following intervention groups: <it>1. Control group: </it>usual prenatal care (PC) and placebo (maltodextrine). <it>2. Exercise group: </it>PC, placebo and aerobic physical exercise. <it>3. Micronutrients group: </it>PC and a micronutrients capsule consisting of zinc (30 mg), selenium (70 μg), vitamin A (400 μg), alphatocopherol (30 mg), vitamin C (200 mg), and niacin (100 mg)<it>. 4. Combined interventions Group: </it>PC, supplementation of micronutrients, and aerobic physical exercise. Anthropometric measures will be taken at the start and at the end of the interventions.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Since in previous studies has been showed that the maternal endothelial function and oxidative stress are related to oxidative stress of the newborn, this study proposes that complementation with micronutrients during pregnancy and/or regular physical exercise can be an early and innovative alternative to strengthen the prevention of chronic diseases in the population.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p><a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00872365">NCT00872365</a>.</p
Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)
Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters.
Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs).
Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio
Estudios de Caso sobre Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales en el siglo XXI.
Libro científico sobre estudios de casos en el medio agropecuario y ruralCon el advenimiento del siglo XXI y el avance de los procesos de globalización, el medio rural presenta diversos cambios económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales. Lo anterior significa que el campo es un objeto de estudio altamente dinámico, complejo e inasible. las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales, en la actualidad, requieren de un abordaje sistémico e interdisciplinario que den cuenta de la heterogeneidad de situaciones y contextos que enfrenta el campo mexicano. La presente obra agrupa 18 estudios de caso, que capturan algunas fotografías de las diversas problemáticas de la ruralidad mexicana, con lo cual se pretende dar cuenta tanto de los objetivos de estudio como de la perspectiva teórico metodológico desde que estos son abordados. lo anterior tiene que ver con el hecho de que las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales manifiestan un alto grado de observación empírica, motivo por el que los estudios de caso se convierten en la perspectiva metodológica idónea que permite ir y venir de la realidad a la teoría y viceversa para la construcción de objetos de estudio. En este volumen se aborda una gran diversidad de casos, que sintetizan la heterogeneidad de enfoques y perspectivas mediante las cuales los fenómenos agropecuarios y rurales han sido abordados en el Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, en los últimos 30 años
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