Застосування гештальт-підходу до вивчення когнітивних процесів важливих для професійного становлення майбутніх психологів (An application of gestalt approach for studying cognitive processes in professional formation which are important for future psychologist)

У статті вказується на значення гештальт-підхіду у формуванні інтегративної точки зору на когнітивні процеси, які важливі для професійного становлення майбутніх психологів. (The article highlights the importance of Gestalt approach in shaping integrative perspective on cognitive processes that are important for professional development of future psychologists.

Саногенне і патогенне мислення: теорія і важливі напрями психологічної практики

У статті проаналізовано здобутки зарубіжних та вітчизня- них науковців у дослідженні саногенного мислення, здійснено порівняльний аналіз понять «саногенне і патогенне мислення», особливостей їх прояву. Визначено доцільність вивчення проблеми саногенного мислення у процесі збереженні психічного здоров’я особистості. Охарактеризовано особливості психологічної допомоги людям, що переживають важкі життєві обставини, обґрунтовано актуальність підтримки та розвитку саногенного мислення під час переживання кризових ситуацій і травмуючих подій. (The article analyzes the achievements of foreign and Ukrainian scholars in the study of the concept «sanohenic thinking». A comparative analysis of the categories «sanohenic and pathogenic and thinking», which outlines the features of their manifestation, has been conducted. The feasibility of the sanohenic thinking study in the context of individual’s mental health preservation is determined. The peculiarities of psychological assistance to the people experiencing difficult life circumstances are highlighted. The relevance of the support and sanohenic thinking development for the individuals who are experiencing crises and traumatic events are justified.

Впровадження наукового проекту по дослідженнях психолого-екологічних ризиків і фобій

Передбачається розробка концептуальної моделі з оцінки ризиків для здоров’я людей молодого віку, яка буде побудована на основі результатів аналізу причинно-наслідкових зв’язків між станом здоров’я та впливом на нього факторів середовища життєдіяльності молодої людини: біологічних (вірусні, пріонні, бактеріальні, паразитарні, генетично-модифіковані організми, продукти біотехнології тощо), хімічних (органічні і неорганічні, природні та синтетичні), фізичних (шум, вібрація, ультразвук, інфразвук, теплове, іонізуюче, неіонізуюче та інші види випромінювання), соціальних (харчування, водопостачання, умови побуту, праці, відпочинку, навчання, виховання тощо)

Вплив екологічних чинників на психічне здоров’я особистості.

Стаття присвячена вивченню критеріїв психічного здоров’я, ролі психологічної стійкості та впливу стресу на психічне здоров’я особистості. Розкриває екологічну складову психічного здоров’я, вплив екологічної катастрофи та екологічної кризи на психічне здоров’я особистості. Висвітлює роль та значення екологічної психології у роботі з наслідками аварії на ЧАЕС. (This article is devoted to the study of mental health criteria, the role of psychological resilience and the impact ofstress on the mental health of the individual. Reveals the environmental dimension of mental health impact of environmentaldisasters and environmental crisis on the mental health of the individual. Highlights the role and importanceof environmental psychology in dealing with the consequences of the Chernobyl accident)

Розвиток психологічного благополуччя дітей з особливими потребами засобами арт-терапії (Development of psychological welfare in children with special needs by art-therapy)

У статті представлено результати апробації системи арт-терапевтичних вправ як засобу розвитку психологічного благополуччя дітей з особливими потребам. Основну увагу направлено на розгляд особливостей психологічного благополуччя в дітей з особливими потребами. Також досліджено самоконтроль, емоційний інтелект і рівень міжособистісних потреб у дітей з особливими потребами молодшого шкільного віку. (The article presents the results of approbation of the system of art-therapeutic exercises as acorrection-developing means of psychological well-being in children with special needs. The main focus is on considering the psychological wellbeing of children with special needs. Self-control, emotional intelligence and level of interpersonal needs in children with special needs of elementary school age are also researched.

Computational strategies for dissecting the high-dimensional complexity of adaptive immune repertoires

The adaptive immune system recognizes antigens via an immense array of antigen-binding antibodies and T-cell receptors, the immune repertoire. The interrogation of immune repertoires is of high relevance for understanding the adaptive immune response in disease and infection (e.g., autoimmunity, cancer, HIV). Adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) has driven the quantitative and molecular-level profiling of immune repertoires thereby revealing the high-dimensional complexity of the immune receptor sequence landscape. Several methods for the computational and statistical analysis of large-scale AIRR-seq data have been developed to resolve immune repertoire complexity in order to understand the dynamics of adaptive immunity. Here, we review the current research on (i) diversity, (ii) clustering and network, (iii) phylogenetic and (iv) machine learning methods applied to dissect, quantify and compare the architecture, evolution, and specificity of immune repertoires. We summarize outstanding questions in computational immunology and propose future directions for systems immunology towards coupling AIRR-seq with the computational discovery of immunotherapeutics, vaccines, and immunodiagnostics.Comment: 27 pages, 2 figure

Large-scale template-based structural modeling of T-cell receptors with known antigen specificity reveals complementarity features

IntroductionT-cell receptor (TCR) recognition of foreign peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) initiates the adaptive immune response against pathogens. While a large number of TCR sequences specific to different antigenic peptides are known to date, the structural data describing the conformation and contacting residues for TCR-peptide-MHC complexes is relatively limited. In the present study we aim to extend and analyze the set of available structures by performing highly accurate template-based modeling of these complexes using TCR sequences with known specificity. MethodsIdentification of CDR3 sequences and their further clustering, based on available spatial structures, V- and J-genes of corresponding T-cell receptors, and epitopes, was performed using the VDJdb database. Modeling of the selected CDR3 loops was conducted using a stepwise introduction of single amino acid substitutions to the template PDB structures, followed by optimization of the TCR-peptide-MHC contacting interface using the Rosetta package applications. Statistical analysis and recursive feature elimination procedures were carried out on computed energy values and properties of contacting amino acid residues between CDR3 loops and peptides, using R.ResultsUsing the set of 29 complex templates (including a template with SARS-CoV-2 antigen) and 732 specificity records, we built a database of 1585 model structures carrying substitutions in either TCRα or TCRβ chains with some models representing the result of different mutation pathways for the same final structure. This database allowed us to analyze features of amino acid contacts in TCR - peptide interfaces that govern antigen recognition preferences and interpret these interactions in terms of physicochemical properties of interacting residues.ConclusionOur results provide a methodology for creating high-quality TCR-peptide-MHC models for antigens of interest that can be utilized to predict TCR specificity

Exploring the pre-immune landscape of antigen-specific T cells

Abstract Background Adaptive immune responses to newly encountered pathogens depend on the mobilization of antigen-specific clonotypes from a vastly diverse pool of naive T cells. Using recent advances in immune repertoire sequencing technologies, models of the immune receptor rearrangement process, and a database of annotated T cell receptor (TCR) sequences with known specificities, we explored the baseline frequencies of T cells specific for defined human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-restricted epitopes in healthy individuals. Methods We used a database of TCR sequences with known antigen specificities and a probabilistic TCR rearrangement model to estimate the baseline frequencies of TCRs specific to distinct antigens epitopespecificT-cells. We verified our estimates using a publicly available collection of TCR repertoires from healthy individuals. We also interrogated a database of immunogenic and non-immunogenic peptides is used to link baseline T-cell frequencies with epitope immunogenicity. Results Our findings revealed a high degree of variability in the prevalence of T cells specific for different antigens that could be explained by the physicochemical properties of the corresponding HLA class I-bound peptides. The occurrence of certain rearrangements was influenced by ancestry and HLA class I restriction, and umbilical cord blood samples contained higher frequencies of common pathogen-specific TCRs. We also identified a quantitative link between specific T cell frequencies and the immunogenicity of cognate epitopes presented by defined HLA class I molecules. Conclusions Our results suggest that the population frequencies of specific T cells are strikingly non-uniform across epitopes that are known to elicit immune responses. This inference leads to a new definition of epitope immunogenicity based on specific TCR frequencies, which can be estimated with a high degree of accuracy in silico, thereby providing a novel framework to integrate computational and experimental genomics with basic and translational research efforts in the field of T cell immunology

Comparative Analysis of B-Cell Receptor Repertoires Induced by Live Yellow Fever Vaccine in Young and Middle-Age Donors

Age-related changes can significantly alter the state of adaptive immune system and often lead to attenuated response to novel pathogens and vaccination. In present study we employed 5′RACE UMI-based full length and nearly error-free immunoglobulin profiling to compare plasma cell antibody repertoires in young (19–26 years) and middle-age (45–58 years) individuals vaccinated with a live yellow fever vaccine, modeling a newly encountered pathogen. Our analysis has revealed age-related differences in the responding antibody repertoire ranging from distinct IGH CDR3 repertoire properties to differences in somatic hypermutation intensity and efficiency and antibody lineage tree structure. Overall, our findings suggest that younger individuals respond with a more diverse antibody repertoire and employ a more efficient somatic hypermutation process than elder individuals in response to a newly encountered pathogen