Sustainable construction taking into account the building impact on the environment

The paper describes a construction impact on the environment, people and their health, taking into account its subsequence. The authors offer an optimal way of building construction in order to satisfy the environmental control standards and impact on the environment. There are a few criteria of ecological materials compared with conventional materials. The aim of this investigation is to develop approach of building project ranking. The paper deals with analysis of the construction alternatives of one‐flat dwelling houses. A few alternatives are given about how to choose an optimal project. The impact of construction on the environment is discussed. Analysis is performed taking into account building life‐cycle impact on the environment, its financial and social conditions. The investigation includes pollution of building material production, construction processes, taking into account building longevity, price, running cost and utilization input of energy. Multicriteria assessment of the alternatives is made, considering impact not only on humans, but also on the environment. According to the described environmental, financial and qualitative criteria and by the assistance of newly‐developed multicriteria method SAW‐G, it was calculated, that a blockhouse, made mostly of wood‐based materials with the result of 0.303 is by 6.6% a better alternative than a wood‐frame building with the result of 0.286, made from wood‐based and mineral‐based materials, and the worst result of 0.280 was in a building from traditional bricks (a wood‐based house is by 7.5% better than a brick house). AHP approach and SAW‐G method are useful tools to help support a decision in convention site selection. Santrauka Aprašomas statybos darbu padariniu poveikis aplinkai, žmonems ir ju sveikatai. Autoriai siūlo optimalu varianta iš pateiktu statybos projektu, atitinkančiu aplinkos apsaugos reikalavimus. Pateikti ekologišku statybiniu medžiagu kriterijai, palyginti su tradiciniu medžiagu kriterijais. Šio tyrimo tikslas yra sukurti statybos proceso klasifikavimo eile, atsižvelgiant i ekonominius ir aplinkos apsaugos aspektus. Nagrinejamos vienbučio gyvenamojo namo statybos alternatyvos. Pateiktos kelios alternatyvos, kaip parinkti optimalu projekto varianta. Aptartas gamybos darbu ir statybos poveikis aplinkai. Analize atliekama atsižvelgiant i statybos gyvavimo ciklo poveiki aplinkai, finansines bei socialines aplinkybes. Tyrimas apima tarša statybiniu medžiagu gamybos procese bei vykstant statybos procesui. Vertinama pastato ilgaamžiškumas, kaina, eksploatavimo išlaidos bei utilizacijos procesui suvartojama energija. Atliktas šiu alternatyvu daugiakriterinis ivertinimas, apibrežiant ju nauda ne tik žmonems, bet ir aplinkai. Remiantis straipsnyje aprašytais aplinkos apsaugos, finansiniais ir kokybiniais kriterijais, nauju daugiakriteriniu SAW‐G metodu buvo apskaičiuota, kad blokinis namas, pastatytas naudojant daugiausia medienos medžiagas (rezultatas 0,303), yra 6,6 % geresnis už nama (rezultatas 0,2860), pastatyta iš medinio karkaso ir naudojant mineralines bei medienos medžiagas, o blogiausias rezultatas ‐ tai namas iš tradicinio plytu mūro (rezultatas 0,280) (medinis namas yra 7,5 % geresnis už mūrini). AHP ir SAW‐G metodai yra tinkami tokiems uždaviniams spresti. Резюме Описано влияние последствий строительства на окружающую среду, человека и его здоровье. Из приведенных строительных проектов, соответствующих экологическим стандартам, авторами статьи выбран оптимальный вариант. Приведены критерии экологичных строительных материалов и сравнены с традиционными материалами. Целью настоящего исследования было разработать очередность классификации строительного процесса с учетом экономических и экологических аспектов. Проанализированы альтернативы строительства одноквартирного жилого дома с целью выбора оптимального проекта. Обсуждено влияние строительства на окружающую среду. Анализ проведен с учетом воздействия жизненного цикла здания на окружающую среду, а также финансовых и социальных аспектов. Исследовалось загрязнение от производства строительных материалов, от процесса строительства с учетом долголетия дома, цены, расходов на эксплуатацию, а также энергии, расходуемой при утилизации. Произведен многокритериальный анализ вышеупомянутых альтернатив, оценена польза, приносимая как человеку, так и окружающей среде. На основании критериев охраны окружающей среды, финансов и качества работ с помощью нового многокритериального метода SAW-G было установлено, что блочный дом, построенный из деревянных материалов с результатом 0,303, на 6.6% лучше, чем дом из деревянного каркаса с минеральными и деревянными материалами с результатом 0,286. Наихудшим вариантом оказался дом, построенный из традиционной кирпичной кладки с результатом 0,280 (деревянный дом лучше кирпичного на 7,5%). Для решения задач такого типа оказались приемлемыми методы AHP и SAW-G. First Publish Online: 27 Jun 2011 Reikšminiai žodžiai: statyba, medžiagos, pastatas, aplinka, išteklių eikvojimas, daugiakriterinis vertinimas, poveikis aplinkai, SAW, SAW-G, AHP metodas. Ключевые слова: строительство, материалы, дом, окружающая среда, истощение ресурсов, многокритериальная оценка, воздействие на окружающую среду, методы SAW, SAW-G, AHP

A review of application of multi-criteria decision making methods in construction

Construction is an area of study wherein making decisions adequately can mean the difference between success and failure. Moreover, most of the activities belonging to this sector involve taking into account a large number of conflicting aspects, which hinders their management as a whole. Multi-criteria decision making analysis arose to model complex problems like these. This paper reviews the application of 22 different methods belonging to this discipline in various areas of the construction industry clustered in 11 categories. The most significant methods are briefly discussed, pointing out their principal strengths and limitations. Furthermore, the data gathered while performing the paper are statistically analysed to identify different trends concerning the use of these techniques. The review shows their usefulness in characterizing very different decision making environments, highlighting the reliability acquired by the most pragmatic and widespread methods and the emergent tendency to use some of them in combination

Neapibrėžtas daugiakriterinis būstų tvarumo vertinimas

The thesis focuses on application of Game Theory and Fuzzy Sets and the SAW-G multi-criteria decision making methods for problems solution in civil engineering tasks. The main objects of research include the assessment of dwellings in uncertain environment and application of Fuzzy Game Theory for decision making in civil engineering tasks, such as choosing the best alternative in heating systems, or building renovation alternative, considering sustainability goals. As a case study for the most widely used dwellings: traditional brick house, blockhouse, wood frame house SAW-G method is applied, and for traditional one flat dwelling house and loft type apartment Fuzzy Game Theory is applied. The dissertation consists of introduction, 3 chapters, general conclu-sions, references and authors publications. The Introduction part reveals the investigated problem, importance of the thesis and the object of the research. There is also described a purpose and tasks of the paper, research methodology, scientific novelty, the practical significance of results, examined in the paper, and presented the de-fended statements. The introduction ends in presenting the author’s publications on the subject of the defended dissertation, offering the material of made presentations in conferences and defining the structure of the dissertation. Chapter 1 presents a literature review about the investigations, where the decision making in civil engineering is linked with the sustainability and with the reference to the provided information, the conclusions are developed. Chapter 2 presents the decision model of multi-criteria tasks and de-scribes the sets of criteria. Here the multi-criteria methodology, which will be applied later in the case study’s calculations, is examined: SAW-G, Game Theory, Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Games. Chapter 3 investigates the case studies, adopting the referred methodology for the decision making in presented tasks. At the end of each case study the results and conclusions are presented. The general conclusions are presented at the end after all chapters. 6 articles focusing on the subject and discussed in dissertation are published: two of them – in scientific journals, included in Thomson ISI list (Medineckiene et al. 2010a; Medineckiene et al. 2011a); one of the journals is in science information institute’s data base „ISI Proceed-ings“(Medineckiene et al. 2011b); another one – in other international data base editions (Medineckiene and Kracka 2011); two of the journals – in other reviewed scientific journals, conference presentation material (Pelds-hus et al. 2010; Medineckiene et al. 2010b). 6 presentations on the subject have been given in conferences at national and international level

Owner preferences regarding renovation measures – the demonstration of using multi-criteria decision making / Savininkų teikiami prioritetai pastatų atnaujinimo priemonėms: daugiakriterinių sprendimo priėmimo metodų taikymo pavyzdys

The article describes typical apartment buildings built in Swedish residential areas in the ‘50s, ‘60s and 70's. Each of these buildings included calculations on the effects and investment cost of a number of renovation measures aimed at improving energy efficiency. By applying multi-criteria decision making methods Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Multiplicative Exponential Weighting (MEW) and Complex Proportion Assessment (COPRAS), the preferences of building owners regarding renovation measures were studied. The study highlighted four important criteria, including the use of energy from district heating and electricity, investment cost and payback period. The owner preferences were found to have a major impact on the outcome of the study. These owners gave sufficient weight to renovation measures within a short payback period. Renovation actions falling out to be quite attractive are additional thermal insulation in the attic and heat recovery from exhaust air. Santrauka Straipsnyje išnagrinėti trys tipiniai švedų daugiabučiai, pastatyti 6-ajame, 7-ajame ir 8-ajame dešimtmečiais. Buvo atlikti kiekvieno šių pastatų atnaujinimo priemonių skaičiavimai, įvertinantys efektyvumą ir investavimo apimtis, kuriomis siekiama didinti energijos vartojimo efektyvumą. Taikant daugiakriterinius sprendimo priemimo metodus, tokius kaip Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Multiplicative Exponential Weighting (MEW) and COmplex PRoportion Assessment (COPRAS), buvo tiriami savininkų teikiami prioritetai pastatų atnaujinimo priemonėms. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas vertinant keturis pastatų kriterijus: energija, vartojama centralizuotam šildymui, ir elektros energija, investicijų sąnaudos ir atsipirkimo laikotarpis. Atlikus skaičiavimus buvo nustatyta, kad didelę įtaką tyrimo rezultatams daro savininku nuomonė. Šie savininkai daugiausia demesio skyrė trumpam renovacijos priemonių atsipirkimo laikotarpiui. Viena patrauklesnių renovacijos priemonių yra papildoma šilumos izoliacija palėpėje ir šilumos gavimas iš ištraukiamo oro. Reikšminiai žodžiai: energinis efektyvumas, rangavimas, stambiaplokščiai namai, atnaujinimas, SAW, MEW, COPRAS, AHP metodai, MCD

Building external partitions assesment using multi-criteria decision making methods / Išorinių pastato atitvarų vertinimas taikant daugiakriterinius metodus

The paper presents a model for selection of building’s external elements. Were analyzed 6 variations of walls and windows area ratio. The authors determined the criteria of those alternatives, which are as follows: heat losses through the building external walls, heat losses through the building windows, heat losses through the bearer thermal bridges, heat losses above the rated air infiltration, external heat inflows in the building from the outside, the building’s energy consumption without consideration of heating system performance, and walls and windows price ratio. According to available data, the initial matrix of a problem was determined. By the use of multiple assessment methods, such as SAW (Simple Additive Weight) COPRAS (Complex Proportion Assessment) and MEW (Multiplicative Exponential Weighting) were calculated the optimal variant of a window and wall aria variation. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateiktas išorinių atitvarų parinkimo modelis. Nagrinėjami 6 sienų ir langų plotų santykio variantai. Apskaičiuoti šių variantų parametrai: šilumos nuostoliai per pastato sienas, šilumos nuostoliai per pastato langus, šilumos nuostoliai per pastato ilginius šilumos tiltelius, šilumos nuostoliai dėl viršnorminės išorės oro infiltracijos, šilumos pritekėjimas į pastatą iš išorės, pastato suminės energijos sąnaudos, neįvertinus šildymo sistemos efektyvumo, taip pat išorinių atitvarų kainų santykis. Pagal turimus duomenis sudaryta pradinių duomenų matrica. Naudojant daugiakriterinio vertinimo metodus SAW (Simple Additive Weight), COPRAS (COmplex PRoportion ASsessment), ir MEW (Multiplicative Exponential Weighting), buvo apskaičiuotas optimalus langų ir sienų santykio variantas. Raktiniai žodžiai: šilumos nuostoliai, atitvaros, alternatyvos, rodikliai, SAW, COPRAS, ME

Optimisation of building energy system technology configuration using multi-criteria decision making methods

This article presents the evaluation and optimization algorithm of the building energy system. Two main objectives have been achieved: the optimal configuration of the building energy system has been defined, which minimizes the use of non-renewable sources and reduces the environmental impact of the building. Energy demand for the house has been simulated employing DesignBuilder software. Five configurations of technologies for the building energy system have been chosen and simulated applying Polysun software in order to define the seasonal energy efficiency of the generators of each configuration. Multi-criteria decision making methods SAW (Simple Additive Weight), COPRAS (COmplex PRoportion ASsessment) and MEW (Multiplicative Exponential Weighting) have been used for finding the optimal decision on this case study. Article in Lithuanian. Daugiakriterių metodų taikymas racionaliam pastato energetinės sistemos technologijų deriniui nustatyti Santrauka. Pateikiamas mažai energijos vartojančio gyvenamojo namo energetinės sistemos vertinimo ir optimizavimo algoritmas. Šio tyrimo metu, siekiant nustatyti racionalų realiai pritaikomą pastato energetinės sistemos technologijų derinį, įgyvendinti du pagrindiniai tikslai: parinktas derinys, kurį taikant maksimaliai išnaudojami atsinaujinantieji energijos ištekliai ir sumažinamos sistemos išmetamų CO2 dujų emisijos. DesignBuilder kompiuterine programa atliktas energinis modeliavimas pastato energijos reikmėms nustatyti. Esamam gyvenamajam namui parinkti penki energetinės sistemos technologijų deriniai. Atliktas derinių modeliavimas Polysun programa, nustatytas kiekvieno derinio generatoriaus sezoninis energinis efektyvumas. Įvairiapusiškai racionaliam sprendimui priimti buvo taikyti daugiakriterio vertinimo metodai: SAW (Simple Additive Weight), COPRAS (COmplex PRoportion ASsessment) ir MEW (Multiplicative Exponential Weighting). Reikšminiai žodžiai: mažai energijos vartojantis gyvenamasis namas, energetinės sistemos technologijų deriniai, DesignBuilder, Polysun, MCDM, SAW, COPRAS, MEW

Life-Cycle Analysis of A Sustainable Building, Applying Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method

Sustainability in construction industry became a concurrent part of contemporary building development. The reason is not only increased account of building maintenance, but there is another part of this problem – it is an impact of building’s life cycle on the environment. Part of this article is intended to a building life-cycle assessment (LCA) in sustainability and the conception of sustainability. Authors proposed the review of the LCA and sustainability in construction industry. The main purpose of sustainable building is to reduce the building impact on environment, during all buildings’ life, using environmental friendly technologies. The paper deals with a few building alternatives, which describes two types of living apartments with few different types of heating system. All the alternatives are defined with several criteria. Those criteria are not only an emission of construction process, but the construction price, work input, fuel annual price, water, energy and material, used for construction process and etc. By using Complex PRoportion ASsessment (COPRAS) multi-criteria method, the best alternative of viewed buildings is developed

Multi-Criteria Selection of the One Flat Dwelling House, Taking into Account the Construction Impact on Environment

The article describes a multi-criteria selection of the one flat dwelling house, taking into account the construction ecological aspects, their impact on environment and their economic and social condition. A problem of a global climate change is discussed, how construction industry determinate the CO2 emission to an atmosphere, how a construction material manufacturing impacts to an environment. The best alternative selection of the one flat dwelling house is presented. The first house is masonry, built from standard materials, the second is the blockhouse, made mostly of wood-based materials, and the third is built of wood frame, using a wood-based materials and mineral-based materials. The weights of criteria are determined by applying AHP method. The best alternative is selected by applying the SAW (Simple Additive Weight), COPRAS (COmplex PRoportion ASsessment), and MEW (Multiplicative Exponential Weighting) methods

Building information modelling: procurement procedure

Traditional construction planning is being replaced by the building information modelling (BIM) approach, which seeks to digitalise all the construction procedures, including procurement. Successful implementation of BIM on the market requires the preparation of appropriate procurement documents. Purpose – to suggest the most suitable set of documents for public procurement in the context of BIM by analysing the documents that are necessary for implementing the stages of the building life cycle. Research methodology – in order to achieve the aim of the research, the in-depth analysis of different countries’ procurement methodological documents and analysis of the scientific articles have been implemented. The methodology also includes expert interviewing, which was done in order to analyse the investigated standards. Findings – After analysing the procurement procedures of Norway, Spain, France, Poland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Finland, a set of documents, including Employer’s Information Requirements (EIR), BIM Execution Plan (BEP) and BIM protocol, was considered as the most suitable for BIM-based procurement processes. In addition, the basic principles of ISO 19650-2:2018 do not reflect the specific conditions of each country, so it is appropriate to examine the possibility of providing guidance in individual national annexes that reflects the peculiarities of national procurement. Research limitations – some research limitations were related to the challenges to access the literature, particularly the regulatory documentation associated with the public procurement procedure in a singular Country. Also, the difficulties with and accessing the document in the English language. However, in most of these cases, the document overview was analysed or translated from the native language. Originality/Value – existing related studies are mainly oriented on a particular region/country, and no general overview of European countries regarding BIM procurement procedures has been implemented. Additionally, a significant scientific contribution of this research is the review of the fundamental standards, which includes the general specification for information management in construction projects using BIM. Implemented analysis can serve as a basis for other authors to implement their research concerning their region, to suggest the most appropriate and suitable set of documents. Practical implications – this study contributes to the preparation of the Lithuanian market for the implementation of BIM and could help policy-makers to prepare the most appropriate procurement documents