A comparison of effective factors in creating delays from the contractors’ and the employers’ point of view in construction of schools in Tehran

Time is one of the most fundamental factors in investment projects which are directly or indirectly affecting other factors. Since the reconstruction of Iran's schools as one of the Executive agencies, dedicates a large portion of Iran's annual credit to itself, paying attention to the effective factors in the delay in timely delivery of the organization's projects can result in increasing productivity and its performance. The purpose of this study is to identify factors in the delay of the organization's projects in Tehran province from the employer and the contractor's perspective. In the meantime, the qualitative information by using face-to-face interview with the experts and experts of both parties were collected as well quantitative information which has been prepared through a questionnaire. The results of two groups have identified factors like   high inflation in Iran , low affordability of the contractors, delay in financial demands of the contractors by an employer, offering lower prices by contractors, weaknesses in the management of financial resources and lack of familiarity of the contractors with the principles of engineering and workshop management. Also, each group has pointed out factors as effective reasons which are at a low priority of the other group. Identifying these categories of factors can help every researcher to find the claim causing factors in doing the projects by  this organization

Comparative Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine and Bupivacaine Combination versus Bupivacaine Alone On the Analgesic Effect of Ilioinguinal Nerve Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Inguinal Herniorrhaphy

Introduction: Elective inguinal herniorrhaphy is one of the most prevalent surgical procedures in pediatric age group. |Postoperative pain is prevalent in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. This study was aimed to compare the analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine combination versus bupivacaine alone for ilioinguinal nerve block in children undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy.Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomized study, we studied 60 ASA class I and II patients with the age between 6 months to 6 years scheduled for unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy. With the help of a computer-generated list, our patients were assigned randomly to two groups of 30 patients. Group A, received 5cc bupivacaine 0.25%, and group B received 5cc bupivacaine 0.25% with dexmedetomidine 0.3 μg/ kg. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. The t-student and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the variables between groups. The values were considered significant if P < 0.05.Results: There was no significant difference in blood pressure (systolic or diastolic) and heart rate between the two groups (P=0.624, P=0.784 and P=0.167, respectively).  Analgesia duration was significantly longer in bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine group in comparison to bupivacaine alone group (P=0.008). However, there were no significant difference in frequency of analgesic consumption (P = 0.175) and total dose of analgesic consumption (P = 0.634) in the first 24 h between the two groups. One patient in group B developed bradycardia.Conclusion: The use of dexmedetomidine, as an adjuvant to bupivacaine prolongs the length and the analgesic efficacy of the ilioinguinal nerve block after inguinal herniorrhaphy in pediatric age group

Tumor Hypoxia Imaging Agents in Nuclear Medicine

Hypoxia is due to imbalance in oxygen supply and oxygen demand compromising biological functions of cells. Since tumor hypoxia results in angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, tumor aggressiveness and treatment failure, in vivo measurement is required. Nuclear imaging can provide information about tissue oxygen levels. 2-nitroimidazole containing compounds selectively accumulate in hypoxic cells. They have been radiolabeled with 18F, 123/124I, and 99mTc and used in clinical trial stages using PET and SPECT techniques. 62/64Cu-ATSM is a non-imidazole imaging agent, which is trapped in hypoxic cells. There is a great interest in the development of 99mTc-labeled 2-nitroimidazole compounds. Though novel compounds based on molecular mechanisms of hypoxia would be developed in future.HighlightsTumor hypoxia results in angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, tumor aggressiveness, and treatment failure.Nuclear imaging can provide information about tissue oxygen levels.2-nitroimidazole compounds selectively accumulate in hypoxic cells.At present a few PET radiopharmaceuticals as hypoxia imaging agents are in clinical trial stages

A comparison of effective factors in creating delays from the contractors’ and the employers’ point of view in construction of schools in Tehran

Time is one of the most fundamental factors in investment projects which are directly or indirectly affecting other factors. Since the reconstruction of Iran's schools as one of the Executive agencies, dedicates a large portion of Iran's annual credit to itself, paying attention to the effective factors in the delay in timely delivery of the organization's projects can result in increasing productivity and its performance. The purpose of this study is to identify factors in the delay of the organization's projects in Tehran province from the employer and the contractor's perspective. In the meantime, the qualitative information by using face-to-face interview with the experts and experts of both parties were collected as well quantitative information which has been prepared through a questionnaire. The results of two groups have identified factors like   high inflation in Iran , low affordability of the contractors, delay in financial demands of the contractors by an employer, offering lower prices by contractors, weaknesses in the management of financial resources and lack of familiarity of the contractors with the principles of engineering and workshop management. Also, each group has pointed out factors as effective reasons which are at a low priority of the other group. Identifying these categories of factors can help every researcher to find the claim causing factors in doing the projects by  this organization

A comparison of effective factors in creating delays from the contractors’ and the employers’ point of view in construction of schools in Tehran

Time is one of the most fundamental factors in investment projects which are directly or indirectly affecting other factors. Since the reconstruction of Iran's schools as one of the Executive agencies, dedicates a large portion of Iran's annual credit to itself, paying attention to the effective factors in the delay in timely delivery of the organization's projects can result in increasing productivity and its performance. The purpose of this study is to identify factors in the delay of the organization's projects in Tehran province from the employer and the contractor's perspective. In the meantime, the qualitative information by using face-to-face interview with the experts and experts of both parties were collected as well quantitative information which has been prepared through a questionnaire. The results of two groups have identified factors like   high inflation in Iran , low affordability of the contractors, delay in financial demands of the contractors by an employer, offering lower prices by contractors, weaknesses in the management of financial resources and lack of familiarity of the contractors with the principles of engineering and workshop management. Also, each group has pointed out factors as effective reasons which are at a low priority of the other group. Identifying these categories of factors can help every researcher to find the claim causing factors in doing the projects by  this organization

Performance of Local Anesthesia with Lidocaine among Opium Addicts and Non-Addicts; a Case Control Study

Introduction: Compared to ordinary people, addicts usually have a lower pain threshold. The current work attempts to compare the performance of local analgesia with lidocaine among opium addicts and non-addicts.Methods: In this case-control study, opium addicts and healthy patients with skin laceration referring to emergency departments of two educational hospitals were compared regarding the response to local anesthesia with lidocaine, as well as side effects.Results: 197 cases with the mean age of 43.44 ± 20.12 years were studied (72.1% male). 98 (49.8%) cases were addicts and 99 (50.2%) were healthy people. Two groups were similar regarding age (p = 0.281), sex (p = 0.666), and wound size (p = 0.272). The amount of pain reduction 5 (df =1.5, F=0.38, p = 0.88) and 10 (df =1.5, F=0.58, p = 0.72) minutes after lidocaine injection was not different between the groups. Subgroup analysis based on sex and age of patient did not show any differences between the groups (p > 0.1 for all analysis). The mean duration of analgesia was 16.4 ± 5.37 minutes in addicts and 16.95±1.79 in control group (p = 0.334).Conclusion: Lidocaine, as a commonly used local anesthetic agents, does not show different effects in addicts and non-addicts in repairing skin laceration

Effect Of Management Commitment To Internal Marketing On Employees' Satisfaction. A Case Study: Imam Jafar Sadegh Hospital Nurses

Nowadays, healthcare is an extraordinarily people-centric industry and employees play important roles in the product/service exchange. Internal marketing (IM) forces the employee to treat more hospitably facing customers. The present study examines the effect of management commitment to internal marketing (MCIM) on employees' satisfaction through IM practices. Data were collected from 110 nurses of Imam Jafar Sadegh hospital. The results of structural equation modeling showed the signifcant effect of MCIM on IM practices (formal internal marketing, informal internal marketing and responsiveness). But verse to what was assumed, there was no signifcant relation between IM and employees' satisfaction

Evaluating the effect of structural dimensions on the successful implementation of strategies in Payam-e-noor University of Iran

This study aims to assess the relationship between structural dimensions of organization including centralization, complexity and formalization on one side and strategy effectiveness on the other side. Structural dimensions are determined based on Robbins theory, and each of them is considered as independent variables of research. Strategy effectiveness, which includes achieving strategic goals or successful implementation of strategies are the independent variable of the research, based on Noble’s strategy implementation model. One primary thesis and three secondary these are defined. This is a descriptive research of two variable correlation. The target population includes 600 senior managers of Payam-e-noor university around the country, including staff administrative managers, province and unit headmasters, of Iran at the time of data collection. Simple random sampling is used, with sample size of 120. Library resources are used for theoretical foundation data collection and note-taking. Questionnaires are used to collect data and evaluate research theses. Inferential Statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient are used to analyze the research theses. The first two theses are confirmed, at 95% and 99% respectively, but the third thesis is rejected based on the collected data. Therefore, based on this study, complexity and formalization have respectively inverse and direct effect on strategy effectiveness, but centralization does not affect strategy effectiveness in Payam-e-noor University