Rypsin tuholaisia torjutaan Suomessa maltillisesti

Tuoreen vertailun mukaan Suomessa esiintyy vähiten rypsin ongelmatuholaisia ja täällä tehdään vähiten torjuntaruiskutuksia muihin EU-maihin nähden. Päätös tuholaistorjuntaan ryhtymisestä syntyy Suomessa toisaalta kaikkein keveimmin perustein, ja suomalaiset viljelijät ovat muita useammin tutkijoiden kanssa eri mieltä siitä, mitkä ekologiset seikat vaikuttavat tuhoeläinkantojen suuruuteen.vo

Succès finlandais pour le colza bio

En Finlande, la culture biologique du colza est importante depuis plus longtemps que chez nous. Après un démarrage difficile, les agriculteurs biologiques finlandais ont atteint une surface de près de 3000 hectares de colza. L’expérience finlandaise peut nous être précieuse surtout dans le domaine de la lutte contre le méligèthe et dans celui des sous-semis (semis de couverture). La Finlande cultive en bio 2000 à 3000 hectares de colza d’été depuis près de 10 ans. L’huile de colza pressée à froid du pays ne se vend pas seulement dans les magasins bio, mais aussi dans la plupart des supermarchés. Cela n’empêche pas la demande de dépasser l’offre, et les huileries prennent de nouveaux producteurs sous contrat

Bioraps: Erfolg auch in Finnland

In Finnland gibt es schon länger einen nennenswerten Anbau von Bioraps als bei uns. Nach einigen Startschwierigkeiten sind Finnlands Biobäuerinnen und Biobauern bei einer Anbaufläche von gegen 3000 Hektaren angelangt. Lernen können wir aus der finnischen Erfahrung vor allem zu den Themen Rapsglanzkäfer und Untersaaten. Seit etwa 10 Jahren werden in Finnland jährlich 2000–3000 Hektaren Biosommerraps angebaut. Einheimisches kalt gepresstes Biorapsöl ist nicht nur in Bioläden, sondern auch in den meisten Supermärkten erhältlich. Auch in Finnland übersteigt die Nachfrage immer noch das Angebot; die Ölpressen nehmen zurzeit nur noch Bioproduzenten neu unter Vertrag

Product and country substitution in imports : an empirical comparison of theoretical concepts.

Importsubstitution; Theorie; Frankreich;

Kosteuden hallinta paikallavaluisessa toimitilarakennuksessa

Opinnäytetyö liittyy Peab Oy:n rakentamaan keskisuureen sairaalan rakennushankkeeseen. Julkisten hankkeiden sisäilmaongelmien motivoimana, pääroolissa oli hankkeen rakentamisaikainen kosteuden hallinta ja siinä onnistuminen, minkä tavoitteena on luoda tuote, joka on terveellinen rakennuksen käyttäjille. Työn ensimmäinen tavoite oli selvittää, miten betonirakenteisen rakennuksen kosteutta tulee hallita, mitata ja dokumentoida oikein. Työn toinen tavoite oli tutkia miten rakennekosteus vaikuttaa sisäilmaan ja millä toimenpiteillä pystytään estämään ongelmat. Työhön kerättiin paljon tietoa betonissa olevasta kosteudesta ja sen vaikutuksista alan kirjallisuudesta ja Internetistä. Opinnäytetyössä löydettiin, että rakennekosteutta pystytään hallita valitsemalla olemassa olevista työkaluista työmaakohtaisesti soveltuvat tavat kosteuden mittaukseen ja rakenteiden kuivattamiseen. On myös tärkeä ymmärtää, miten betonissa oleva rakennekosteus käyttäytyy kuivuessaan, jotta voidaan luotettavasti suunnitella rakennushankkeen yleisaikataulua ja esimerkiksi arvioida, milloin betoni voidaan pinnoittaa. Suurin sisäilmaongelmien aiheuttaja on betonirakenteen pinnoittaminen liian aikaisin materiaalilla, joka ei hengitä. Tällöin rakenteeseen jäänyt kosteus reagoi kemiallisesti päällysmateriaalien kanssa. Toimenpiteet rakennekosteuden hallitsemiseksi saatiin käytännön kokemuksista hankkeen ollessa rakenteilla opinnäytetyön aikana, ja toisen, jo rakennetun sairaalan kokemuksista. Toimenpiteistä laadittiin työmaan käyttöön lista, joka sisältää esimerkiksi rakennusaikaisen veden käsittelyohjeet ja rakenteen kuivatuksen ohjeistukset. Työmaakohtaisten toimenpiteiden tarkoitus on vähentää, ennaltaehkäistä ja hallita rakennusaikaista kosteutta. Nämä ovat tärkeitä tavoitteita kosteuden hallinnassa rakennushankkeissa.The thesis was prompted by an ongoing mid-sized hospital construction project of Peab Oy. Motivated by the indoor air problems in public building projects, the focus was on moisture control during construction and succeeding in it to create a building product which is healthy for its users. The first objective of the thesis was to find out how to control, measure and document the moisture of a construction of concrete build in a correct manner. The second objective was to investigate how the moisture in the concrete affects indoor air quality and which actions could be taken to prevent problems in that. Information about the moisture of concrete and its effects was gathered from industry literature and the Internet. The thesis found that moisture in the structures can be controlled by choosing site-specific manners from existing tools for measuring moisture and drying structures. Additionally, it is important to understand how the moisture in the concrete behaves when it dries, to be able to create reliable schedules for the construction site and to be able to evaluate when the concrete can be coated. The biggest cause of indoor air problems is that the concrete is coated too soon with an unbreathable material. Hence the excess moisture left in the concrete begins to chemically react with the coating materials. Actions for controlling moisture in construction were derived from practical experiences from the ongoing hospital construction and another finished hospital construction. A list of actions was created for the use of the ongoing site, which includes for example handling instructions for on-site water and instructions for drying structures. These site-specific actions aim to decrease, prevent and control moisture during ongoing construction. These mentioned are important goals in moisture control in construction projects

Developing ecostacking techniques for pollen beetle management in oilseed rape

In this review, we examine how the principles of ecostacking could be used to manage the pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus in oilseed crucifer crops. We further describe hindrances preventing progress of keeping the pest under full biological control across Europe, and for other similar pest management situations. Ecological processes at different levels need to be considered and understood. The beneficial functions, which the various ecosystem service providers offer, need to be combined and exploited in an additive or synergistic manner, i.e., ecostacked. Levels to consider include landscape and off-crop habitats (e.g., field margins) and their effects on pest management in the rapeseed crop; and possibilities to generate the key ecosystem services within the crop itself; for example, by vegetation management (e.g., undersowing, variety mixtures, companion and trap crops), soil management (biotic and abiotic; fostering and steering soil microbial communities to benefit biocontrol), and crop management, including crop protection treatments and their impacts on ecosystem service provision. All these processes affect the populations of the pollen beetle. Abundant information exists about most of the key processes important in this context. Utilizing this knowledge and stacking the various beneficial ecosystem service functions into a comprehensive management strategy for the pollen beetle, has not been attempted nor described. After illustrating the potential of ecostacking in solving crop protection problems, as it is apparent in the case of the pollen beetle, we analyze a situation where our approach was lost in translation. The European Union Horizon 2020 program chose to support our vision of ecostacking with a 10million euro grant. Administrative decisions by the coordinating university (not to accept to host the grant), and subsequent failure of the European Commission and its Research Executive Agency to demonstrate leadership on issues of research policy, integrity, and ethics in the handling of the project, resulted in a shift of emphasis away from solutions based on integrative biocontrol.Peer reviewe

Memory disorders in acute encephalitis : a neuropsychological study

Acute encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, mostly caused by viral infection. A variety of cognitive symptoms may persist after the acute stage, and neuropsychological assessment is crucial in evaluation of the outcome. The most commonly reported sequelae are memory deficits. The main aims of this study were to investigate the types of memory impairment in various encephalitides, the frequency of global amnesia following encephalitis, and the changes in the deficits during follow-up. Between 1 January 1985 and 31 December 1994, 77 adult patients under the age of 75 with acute encephalitis but without alcohol abuse, or coexisting or previous neurological diseases were consecutively referred for neuropsychological examination at the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital. The aetiology was established in 44/77 (57%) patients; 17 had Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). Transient amnesia (TENA) at the acute stage of the disease was found in 70% of patients. Furthermore, similarly to brain trauma, TENA was found to indicate cognitive outcome. The frequency of persisting global amnesia syndrome with both anterograde and retrograde amnesia in all encephalitic patients was 6%. One patient had isolated retrograde amnesia, which is very rare. In HSVE the frequency of global amnesia was 12.5%, which is lower than expected. As a group, HSVE patients were not found to have a homogeneous pattern of amnesia, instead subgroups among all encephalitic patients were observed: some patients had impaired semantic memory, some had difficulty predominantly with executive functions and some suffered from an increased forgetting rate. Herpes zoster encephalitis was found to result in mild memory impairment only, and the qualitative features indicated a subcortical dysfunction. On the whole, the cognitive deficits were predominantly found to diminish during follow-up. Progressive deterioration was often associated with intractable epilepsy. The frequency of dementia was 12.5%. In conclusion, the neuropsychological outcome, especially in HSVE, was more favourable than has previously been reported, possibly due to early acyclovir medication. Memory disorders after encephalitis should not be considered uniform, and the need for neuropsychological rehabilitation should be considered case-by-cas