Family income and children's education: Using the Norwegian oil boom as a natural experiment.

Parental income is positively correlated with children?s educational attainment. This paper addresses the causality of this observed link. We have a unique data set for Norwegians born in the period from 1968-1973, with a measure of permanent family income from the children are 0-20 years old. This enables us to look at the long term e¤ect of family income on children's educational attainment. The Norwegian oil shock in the 1970s and 1980s is used as an instrument, since this - in some regions, but not in others - implied a general increase in income that was unrelated to education. This variation in income is used to estimate the causal e¤ect of family income on children's educational attainment. We find no causal relationship between family in- come and children's educational attainment. This result is robust to different specification tests.Mobility; Instrumental Variables; Income and Education

“How are you feeling?” Assessing reporting bias in a subjective measure of health by quantile regression

In this paper we investigate reporting heterogeneity in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) when it is used to measure current health status in cardiovascular patients. We provide a new framework to identify reporting heterogeneity using quantile regressions. EQ-5D responses are used as a proxy to control for objective health. The objectiveness of this generic measure is supported by other measures of actual health. The data comes from a Norwegian, health-related quality of life study. We find substantial evidence of reporting bias in VAS related to gender and education. For some quantiles we observe reporting heterogeneity related to age and weight.Reporting bias; quantile regression; health measurement

A Study of Glacial Geomorphology in the Northern Torngat Mountains, Labrador

This study was begun in 1959 and continued during the field season of 1960, when my wife Inger-Marie acted as assistant and we spent a little over 9 weeks in the field from early July to mid-September. Base camp was set up at the northern end of Eclipse Channel and from there several journeys of 3- to 8-day duration were made. North Aulatsivik Island and the area to the north toward Telliaosilk Fiord were studied. Lack of a canoe prevented the crossing of Eclipse River, and the area to the south of it could therefore not be visited. Study of the post-glacial emergence shows a discontinuous displacement of the strand-line. Three well-developed strand-lines were found at 40 to 56, 26 to 36, and 15.5 metres above sea-level. The two higher ones slope to N. 25° E. at a gradient of 1:1000 and 1:1650 respectively for the higher and lower. Isobase-directions for these two levels are found to be approximately 115-295°, and a map with contour lines showing the former sea-levels has been prepared. The lowest strand-line shows no tilt and is regarded as horizontal. An equal-distance diagram has been plotted and shows that a major transgression took place in northern Labrador prior to the formation of the lowest strand-line. At Port Burwell the sea level rose some 12 metres above the level it had during the formation of the next higher strand-line. Fossil marine molluscs were found in the base-camp area up to 32 metres above sea-level. A shell sample taken at 29 metres has been submitted for radio-carbon dating through the Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. The result will provide the first absolute date for any late- or post-glacial event on the Labrador coast. ..

Hvilke prinsipper kan man som kroppsøvingslærer legge vekt på for å fremme glede i bevegelse hos elever på ungdomstrinn?

Denne oppgaven handler om det å fremme GLEvegelse hos elever på ungdomstrinn i skolen. GLEvegelse er et ord jeg har diktet opp som handler om gleden av å være i bevegelse. Jeg mener det er viktig for kroppsøvingslærere å gjøre sitt ytterste for å få flere ungdommer interessert i kroppsøvingsfaget, det å være fysisk aktiv i hverdagen og det å la elevene få kjenne på gleden av det å være i bevegelse. Jeg har tatt for meg totalt syv undervisningsprinsipper som jeg mener er viktige faktorer i arbeidet med å fremme bevegelsesglede hos ungdomskole elevene. Prinsippene er motivasjon, mestringsfølelse, ufarliggjøring, kreativitet, kroppslig aktivitet, preg av lek og sosialt fellesskap. Jeg ville lage et undervisningsopplegg basert på disse undervisningsprinsippene og prøve det ut i praksis for å finne ut om det var med å fremme elevenes glede. Jeg fikk utdelt tre enkle undervisningstimer sammen med en 9.klasse. I alle tre øktene har jeg hatt fokus på og valgt ut aktiviteter som er basert på prinsippene. I slutten av hver økt har elevene fått utdelt et enkelt spørreskjema som de skulle svare på. Jeg har i hver økt hatt fokus på motivasjon fordi det er noe jeg mener lærere alltid bør tenke på når de underviser. De andre prinsippene har jeg fordelt på de tre forskjellige øktene. I den første økten hadde jeg fokus på det å ufarliggjøre undervisningen og at elevene skulle oppleve mestringsfølelse. I den andre økten var det fokus på at elevene skulle være i stor kroppslig aktivitet og at elevene skulle få bruke kreativiteten sin i undervisningen. I den tredje og siste økten var det fokus på det å leke og å ha det sosialt i et fellesskap. Jeg har kombinert kvantitativ og kvalitativ metode i dette utprøvelsesprosjektet, der jeg har gjort ustrukturerte observasjoner under øktene og brukt spørreskjema med Likert-skala, altså skala fra 1-5, i slutten av øktene. Etter prosjektet har jeg tolket elevene sine svar på spørreskjemaene og sammenlignet disse med mine egne observasjoner. Etter å ha gjennomført disse øktene sammen med elevene, observert og etter å ha tolket spørreskjemaene har jeg funnet ut at en del av prinsippene som jeg har valgt å ha fokus på, overlappen hverandre. Noen av prinsippene var mer i fokus enn andre og jeg fant også ut at disse var viktigere for å fremme glede i bevegelse: lek, motivasjon og sosialt fellesskap. Nettopp disse prinsippene dekker de andre prinsippene, og er med på å skape GLEvegelse

Your place or mine? On the residence choice of young couples in Norway

Norwegian registry data is used to investigate the location decisions of a full population cohort of young adults as they complete their education, establish separate households and form their own families. We find that the labor market opportunities and family ties of both partners affect these location choices. Surprisingly, married men live significantly closer to their own parents than do married women, even if they have children, and this difference cannot be explained by differences in observed characteristics. The principal source of excess female distance from parents in this population is the relatively low mobility of men without a college degree, particularly in rural areas. Despite evidence that intergenerational resource flows, such as childcare and eldercare, are particularly important between women and their parents, the family connections of husbands appear to dominate the location decisions of less-educated married couples.intergenerational; proximity; marriage; location; decisions intergenerational proximity; marriage; location decisions

Genetic linkage mapping and the detection of SNB resistance QTLs in Avocet x T9040 wheat field trials in the period 2012-2022

With the large scientific strides made in recent years when it comes to genome sequencing, techniques for plant breeding based on genomic data is on the rise. With the ever-changing environment and the increase of pesticide-resistance in pathogens, new technologies for protecting yield must be found. Mapping of resistance loci for various infectious agents is a relatively novel technique that shows great promise for the advancement of breeding for disease resistant crops. In this thesis, the focus has been to map resistance QTLs in wheat for the fungal disease Septoria leaf blotch. Phenotypic and genotypic data encompassing six years of field trials in the 2012-2022 period has been analysed and compared to find important resistance QTLs. While several QTLs were found overall, three major resistance QTLs showing great consistency over the years were identified, of which two were previously known and one appears to be novel. Hopefully these QTLs can be used in breeding, and the data used to identify more resistance loci in the future

A Flying Start? Long Term Consequences of Maternal Time Investments in Children During Their First Year of Life

We study the impact on children of increasing the time that the mother spends with her child in the first year by exploiting a reform that increased paid and unpaid maternity leave in Norway. The reform increased maternal leave on average by 4 months and family income was unaffected. The increased time with the child led to a 2.7 percentage points decline in high school dropout. For mothers with low education we find a 5.2 percentage points decline. The effect is especially large for children of mothers who prior to the reform, would take very low levels of unpaid leave.employment; income; family; education

Computational Thinking through Geometric Understanding: A Case Study on Programming in Mathematics Education

According to the 2020-updated curriculum for the Norwegian lower middle school, algorithmic thinking and computer programming are necessary student skills that are to be implemented in the mathematics education. Despite the curriculum update, many mathematics teachers lack competence and experi-ence in computer programming, and do indeed struggle to integrate algorithmic thinking in their teaching. Therefore, there is a need for specific teacher re-sources, such as simple but efficient readily developed education programs that can easily be adapted, extended, and applied, either as whole or as inspiration for teachers in their own classrooms. The contribution of this article is twofold: Firstly, we present an education program that aims to introduce basic program-ming concepts, such as loops and logical conditions, to lower middle school stu-dents through their existing understanding of geometry. Secondly, we report on a pilot study where the education program was taught by three teachers in their respective classes over a period of three weeks in a Norwegian lower middle school. The students’ development in algorithmic thinking strategies and problem solving skills over the course of the education program was assessed with a generalized pre- and post-test. The results indicate that students with low to me-dium test score in the pre-test achieved the greatest improvement (approximately 100-300% increase in test score), whereas students with medium to high test score in the pre-test performed slightly worse after the education program

Optimization of an Intelligent Autonomous Drilling Rig: Testing and Implementation of Machine Learning and Control Algorithms for Formation Classification, Downhole Vibrations Management and Directional Drilling

Master's thesis in Petroleum EngineeringIn recent years, considerable resources have been invested to explore applications for- and to exploit the vast amount of data that gets collected during exploration, drilling and production of oil and gas. Such data will potentially become a game changer for the industry in terms of reduced costs through improved operational efficiency and fewer accidents, improved HSE through strengthened situational awareness, ensured optimal placement of wells, less wear on equipment and so on. While machine learning algorithms have been around for decades, it is only in the last five to ten years that increased computational power along with heavily digitalized control- and monitoring systems have been made available. Considering the state of art technology that exists today and the significant resources that are being invested into the technology of tomorrow, the idea of intelligent and fully automated machinery on the drill floor that is capable of consistently selecting the best decisions or predictions based on the information available and providing the driller and operator with such recommendations, becomes closer to a reality every day. This thesis is the result of research carried out on the topic of drilling automation. Its basis has been improvements and upgrades conducted on a laboratory-scale drilling rig developed at the University of Stavanger, as part of the multi-disciplinary project; UiS Drillbotics. Main contribution of the thesis is a study on how machine learning can be used to develop models that are capable of accurately predicting what rock formation is being drilled using an autonomous control system, along with detecting some common drilling incidents in real-time on the laboratory rig. Methodology is also applied to field data from the Volve field. Furthermore, research and implementation of search algorithms to ensure optimal drilling speed (ROP), safety to personnel and environment (HSE), and efficiency along with a digitalized drilling program for directional drilling, gets presented. Finally, rig upgrades for directional drilling and research into downhole sensors that get used in a closed-loop steering model is elaborated on.submittedVersio