Service für den Einstieg in den fremden Markt - Praktikum bei der deutschen Handelskammer für Spanien

Die Autorin berichtet über ihr dreimonatiges Praktikum im Bereich Markt- und Absatzberatung bei der deutschen Handelskammer für Spanien, einem Standort des Netzwerks der Auslandshandelskammern (AHK). Als bilaterale Kammer wird sie als Einrichtung der wirtschaftlichen Selbstverwaltung von Mitgliedsunternehmen in Spanien und Deutschland getragen. Sie fungiert als Vertretung der deutschen Wirtschaft und wirkt in die Wirtschaftspolitik hinein, betreut und koordiniert Kontakte, berät Unternehmen am Markt und beim Export und übernimmt verschiedene Dienstleistungen. Ihr Ziel sind Langzeitbeziehungen zwischen den deutschen und spanischen Unternehmen

Service für den Einstieg in den fremden Markt. Praktikum bei der deutschen Handelskammer für Spanien

Die Autorin berichtet über ihr dreimonatiges Praktikum im Bereich Markt- und Absatzberatung bei der deutschen Handelskammer für Spanien, einem Standort des Netzwerks der Auslandshandelskammern (AHK). Als bilaterale Kammer wird sie als Einrichtung der wirtschaftlichen Selbstverwaltung von Mitgliedsunternehmen in Spanien und Deutschland getragen. Sie fungiert als Vertretung der deutschen Wirtschaft und wirkt in die Wirtschaftspolitik hinein, betreut und koordiniert Kontakte, berät Unternehmen am Markt und beim Export und übernimmt verschiedene Dienstleistungen. Ihr Ziel sind Langzeitbeziehungen zwischen den deutschen und spanischen Unternehmen.Schlagworte: Auslandshandelskammer, Außenhandel, Deutschland, Dienstleistungen, Interkulturelles Management, Internationales Management, Marketing, Marktanalyse, Praktikum, Spanien, Unternehmensberatung, Verband, Wirtschaftsförderun

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТА АНАЛІЗ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ЗАХОДІВ З ТЕХНОЛОГІІ КОМПЛЕКСНОЇ УТИЛІЗАЦІЇ ПІСЛЯСПИРТОВОЇ БАРДИ

The subject of the article's research is the technology of processing and recycling of post-alcohol bard based on the types of technology and equipment. The possibility of using the advantages of modern plate heat exchangers for the integration of their technological processes is established. An innovative subject of research is a complex technology of processing and final disposal of post-alcohol bards. The article provides an assessment of how to use bard filtrate to obtain feed products enriched with live cells of lactobacilli and propionic acid, as well as protein. In such technologies, the introduction of cobalt chloride into the environment at a concentration of 1.1 mg/l causes an increase in the content of biomass, living cells of bacteria of propionic acid and protein accumulation. The content of nucleic acids in feed products obtained as separate and co-growing bacteria does not exceed the allowable level (up to 10 g/day) of animal consumption. In the post-alcohol bard study, a high protein content was obtained. The filtrate can be completely returned to alcohol production. This article describes the possibilities of assessing: the main demands to ethyl alcohol production looked through, it is considered. The possibility of using the advantages of modern plate heat exchangers units for their tntrgy saving process integration was pointed out.Предметом исследования статьи является технология переработки и утилизации послеспиртовой барды на базе разновидностей технологии и оборудования. Установлена возможность использования преимуществ современных пластинчатых теплообменников для интеграции технологических процессов. Инновационным предметом исследования является комплексная технология переработки и конечной утилизации послеспиртовой барды. Материалы статьи предоставляют оценку способам использования фильтрата барды для получения кормовых продуктов, обогащенных живыми клетками бактерий лактобактерий и пропионовой кислоты, а также белком. В таких технологиях введение хлорида кобальта в окружающую среду в концентрации 1,1 мг/л вызывает увеличение содержания биомассы, живых клеток бактерий пропионовой кислоты и накопление белка. Содержание нуклеиновых кислот в продуктах корма, полученных как раздельным, так и общим выращиванием бактерий, не превышает допустимый уровень (до 10 г/сут) потребления животных. В процессе исследования послеспиртовой барды получено белок высокое содержание. Фильтрат может быть возвращен полностью в спиртовое производство.Предметом дослідження статті є технологія переробки та утилізації післяспиртової барди на базі різновидів технології та обладнання. Встановлено можливість використання переваг сучасних пластинчастих теплообмінників для інтеграції їх технологічних процесів. Інноваційним предметом дослідження є комплексна технологія переробки та кінцевої утилізації післяспиртової барди. Матеріали статті надають оцінку способам використання фільтрату барди для отримання кормових продуктів, збагачених живими клітинами бактерій лактобактерій та пропіонової кислоти, а також білком. У таких технологіях введення хлориду кобальту в навколишнє середовище в концентрації 1,1 мг/л викликає збільшення вмісту біомаси, живих клітин бактерій пропіонової кислоти та накопичення білка. Вміст нуклеїнових кислот у продуктах корму, отриманих як роздільним, так і спільним вирощуванням бактерій, не перевищує допустимий рівень (до 10 г/добу) споживання тварин. У процесі дослідження післяспиртової барди отримано білок високий вміст. Фільтрат може бути повернутий повністю в спиртове виробництво

Towards the classification of static vacuum spacetimes with negative cosmological constant

We present a systematic study of static solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations with negative cosmological constant which asymptotically approach the generalized Kottler (``Schwarzschild--anti-de Sitter'') solution, within (mainly) a conformal framework. We show connectedness of conformal infinity for appropriately regular such space-times. We give an explicit expression for the Hamiltonian mass of the (not necessarily static) metrics within the class considered; in the static case we show that they have a finite and well defined Hawking mass. We prove inequalities relating the mass and the horizon area of the (static) metrics considered to those of appropriate reference generalized Kottler metrics. Those inequalities yield an inequality which is opposite to the conjectured generalized Penrose inequality. They can thus be used to prove a uniqueness theorem for the generalized Kottler black holes if the generalized Penrose inequality can be established.Comment: the discussion of our results includes now some solutions of Horowitz and Myers; typos corrected here and there; a shortened version of this version will appear in Journal of Mathematical Physic

Citizen science for assessing pesticide impacts in agricultural streams

The majority of central European streams are in poor ecological condition. Pesticide inputs from terrestrial habitats present a key threat to sensitive insects in streams. Both standardized stream monitoring data and societal support are needed to conserve and restore freshwater habitats. Citizen science (CS) offers potential to complement international freshwater monitoring while it is often viewed critically due to concerns about data accuracy. Here, we developed a CS program based on the Water Framework Directive that enables citizen scientists to provide data on stream hydromorphology, physicochemical status and benthic macroinvertebrates to apply the trait-based bio-indicator SPEARpesticides for pesticide exposure. We compared CS monitoring data with professional data across 28 central German stream sites and could show that both CS and professional monitoring identified a similar average proportion of pesticide-sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa per stream site (20 %). CS data were highly correlated to the professional data for both stream hydromorphology and SPEARpesticides (r = 0.72 and 0.76). To assess the extent to which CS macroinvertebrate data can indicate pesticide exposure, we tested the relationship of CS generated SPEARpesticides values and measured pesticide concentrations at 21 stream sites, and found a fair correlation similar to professional results. We conclude that given appropriate training and support, citizen scientists can generate valid data on the ecological status and pesticide contamination of streams. By complementing official monitoring, data from well-managed CS programs can advance freshwater science and enhance the implementation of freshwater conservation goals

Replay as wavefronts and theta sequences as bump oscillations in a grid cell attractor network.

Grid cells fire in sequences that represent rapid trajectories in space. During locomotion, theta sequences encode sweeps in position starting slightly behind the animal and ending ahead of it. During quiescence and slow wave sleep, bouts of synchronized activity represent long trajectories called replays, which are well-established in place cells and have been recently reported in grid cells. Theta sequences and replay are hypothesized to facilitate many cognitive functions, but their underlying mechanisms are unknown. One mechanism proposed for grid cell formation is the continuous attractor network. We demonstrate that this established architecture naturally produces theta sequences and replay as distinct consequences of modulating external input. Driving inhibitory interneurons at the theta frequency causes attractor bumps to oscillate in speed and size, which gives rise to theta sequences and phase precession, respectively. Decreasing input drive to all neurons produces traveling wavefronts of activity that are decoded as replays

Citizen science’s transformative impact on science, citizen empowerment and socio-political processes

Citizen science (CS) can foster transformative impact for science, citizen empowerment and socio-political processes. To unleash this impact, a clearer understanding of its current status and challenges for its development is needed. Using quantitative indicators developed in a collaborative stakeholder process, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of CS in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Our online survey with 340 responses focused on CS impact through (1) scientific practices, (2) participant learning and empowerment, and (3) socio-political processes. With regard to scientific impact, we found that data quality control is an established component of CS practice, while publication of CS data and results has not yet been achieved by all project coordinators (55%). Key benefits for citizen scientists were the experience of collective impact (“making a difference together with others”) as well as gaining new knowledge. For the citizen scientists’ learning outcomes, different forms of social learning, such as systematic feedback or personal mentoring, were essential. While the majority of respondents attributed an important value to CS for decision-making, only few were confident that CS data were indeed utilized as evidence by decision-makers. Based on these results, we recommend (1) that project coordinators and researchers strengthen scientific impact by fostering data management and publications, (2) that project coordinators and citizen scientists enhance participant impact by promoting social learning opportunities and (3) that project initiators and CS networks foster socio-political impact through early engagement with decision-makers and alignment with ongoing policy processes. In this way, CS can evolve its transformative impact